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Condition: Obesity
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Total 449 results found since Jan 2013.
Cellular inhibitors of apoptosis (cIAP) 1 and 2 are increased in placenta from obese pregnant women
Discussion: cIAP1 and cIAP2 expression is increased in placenta from women with pre-existing maternal obesity and in response to treatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Functional studies in placental trophoblast cells revealed that cIAPs are involved in TNF-α induced-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Given the central role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in placental nutrient transport, this data suggest that cIAP1 and cIAP2 may play a role in fetal growth and development.Highlights:
Source: Placenta - August 11, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: M. Lappas Tags: Differentiation and apoptosis Source Type: research
Inactivation of histone deacetylase 1 (hdac1) but not hdac2 is required for the glucocorticoid-dependent ccaat/enhancer binding protein α (c/ebpα) expression and preadipocyte differentiation.
In this study, we sought to demonstrate using two different strategies the definite role of HDACl in adipogenesis. By using siRNA-mediated knockdown of HDAC1 and by generating an enzymatically inactive HDAC1D181A by site-directed mutagenesis, we were able to show that HDAC1, but not HDAC2, suppresses GR-potentiated preadipocyte differentiation by decreasing C/ebpα and Pparγ expression levels at the onset of differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate that HDAC1D181A acts as a dominant negative mutant of HDACl during adipogenesis by modulating C/EBPβ transcriptional activity on the C/ebpα promoter.
PMID: 25203139 [Pub...
Source: Endocrinology - September 9, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kuzmochka C, Abdou HS, Haché RJ, Atlas E Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Molecular pathways reflecting poor intrauterine growth are found in Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells
STUDY QUESTION
Are molecular pathways reflecting the biology of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates preserved in umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)?
SUMMARY ANSWER
MSCs from SGA newborns were found to express an altered EGR-1-dependent gene network involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and oxidative stress.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Individuals with suboptimal intrauterine development are at greater risk of metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
Umbilical cords (n = 283) from the GUSTO (growing up in Singapore towards he...
Source: Human Reproduction - September 15, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Sukarieh, R., Joseph, R., Leow, S. C., Li, Y., Loffler, M., Aris, I. M., Tan, J. H., Teh, A. L., Chen, L., Holbrook, J. D., Ng, K. L., Lee, Y. S., Chong, Y. S., Summers, S. A., Gluckman, P. D., Stunkel, W. Tags: Reproductive biology Source Type: research
Programmed Hyperphagia secondary to Increased Hypothalamic SIRT1.
Abstract
Small for gestational age (SGA) offspring exhibit reduced hypothalamic neural satiety pathways leading to programmed hyperphagia and adult obesity. Appetite regulatory site, the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) contains appetite (NPY/AgRP) and satiety (POMC) neurons. Using in vitro culture of hypothalamic neuroprogenitor cells (NPC) which form the ARC, we demonstrated that SGA offspring exhibit reduced NPC proliferation and neuronal differentiation. bHLH protein Hes1 promotes NPC self-renewal and inhibits differentiation by repressing neuronal differentiation genes (Mash1, neurogenin3). We hypothesized ...
Source: Brain Research - September 19, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Desai M, Li T, Han G, Ross MG Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research
The NR4A receptors Nurr1 and Nur77 are increased in human placenta from women with gestational diabetes
Discussion: Nurr1 and Nur77, which were increased in human placenta from women with GDM, are involved in TNF-α induced-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to play a role in placental nutrient transport. Thus, the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by Nurr1 and Nur77 suggest that these proteins may play a role in placental function and transport mechanisms.Highlights:
Source: Placenta - September 8, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: M. Lappas Tags: Gene expression Source Type: research
IL-1β-induced mesenchymal stem cell migration involves MLCK activation via PKC signaling.
This study increases our understanding of the mechanisms by which MSCs home to injury sites.
PMID: 25333338 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cell Transplantation - October 20, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Lin CY, Zu CH, Yang CC, Tsai PJ, Shyu JF, Chen CP, Weng ZC, Chen TH, Wang HS Tags: Cell Transplant Source Type: research
Adipose tissue regulates hepatic cholesterol metabolism via adiponectin
In this study, we examined the direct effects of adipocytes on hepatic cholesterol metabolic factors and investigated the role of potential adipocytokines in it. Main methods Male SD rats were induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and hepatic cholesterol metabolic factors, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) were measured by immunoblotting. Then the effects of adipocytes on the expressions of hepatic cholesterol metabolism proteins were examined in the co-culture system. Finally, the concentrations of several adipocytokines were detected by ELISA and the effect of ad...
Source: Life Sciences - November 4, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Metformin promotes irisin release from murine skeletal muscle independently of AMPK activation
ConclusionMetformin promotes irisin release from murine skeletal muscle into blood, independently of AMPK pathway activation. Our results suggest that stimulation of irisin may be a novel molecular mechanism of metformin which is widely used for treatment of metabolic disorders.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Acta Physiologica - November 11, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Dong‐Jie Li, Fang Huang, Wen‐Jie Lu, Guo‐Jun Jiang, Ya‐ping Deng, Fu‐Ming Shen Tags: Regular Paper Source Type: research
Abstract 3975: PID1, a new growth-inhibitory gene, sensitizes brain tumor cell lines to chemotherapy
CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that PID1 acts to sensitize glioma and medulloblastoma cells to chemotherapy, possibly explaining the correlation between higher PID1 mRNA and survival in patients.
Citation Format: Jingying Xu, Xiuhai Ren, Anthony Tran, Gregory M. Shackleford, Anat Erdreich-Epstein. PID1, a new growth-inhibitory gene, sensitizes brain tumor cell lines to chemotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3975. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3975
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Xu, J., Ren, X., Tran, A., Shackleford, G. M., Erdreich-Epstein, A. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Nck1 depletion induces activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway by attenuating PTP1B protein expression
Conclusion:
Our study provides strong evidence supporting that the adaptor protein Nck1 interacts with PTP1B and also regulates PTP1B expression. In this manner, Nck1 plays a role in regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Source: Cell Communication and Signaling - November 14, 2014 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hui LiJulie DusseaultLouise Larose Source Type: research
Palmitoleic acid prevents palmitic acid-induced macrophage activation and consequent p38 MAPK-mediated skeletal muscle insulin resistance
Publication date: 5 August 2014 Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 393, Issues 1–2 Author(s): Nicola A. Talbot , Caroline P. Wheeler-Jones , Mark E. Cleasby Obesity and saturated fatty acid (SFA) treatment are both associated with skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR) and increased macrophage infiltration. However, the relative effects of SFA and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA)-activated macrophages on muscle are unknown. Here, macrophages were treated with palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid or both and the effects of the conditioned medium (CM) on C2C12 myotubes investigated. CM from palmitic acid-treated...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - November 23, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Metformin promotes irisin release from murine skeletal muscle independently of AMP‐activated protein kinase activation
ConclusionMetformin promotes irisin release from murine skeletal muscle into blood, independently of AMPK pathway activation. Our results suggest that stimulation of irisin may be a novel molecular mechanism of metformin which is widely used for treatment of metabolic disorders.
Source: Acta Physiologica - November 24, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: D.‐J. Li, F. Huang, W.‐J. Lu, G.‐J. Jiang, Y.‐P. Deng, F.‐M. Shen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Secreted frizzled‐related protein 5 (Sfrp5) decreases hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis
ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that Sfrp5 may ameliorate mouse liver fibrosis through inhibition of Wnt5a/Fz2 signaling.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Liver International - November 1, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Norihiro Chatani, Yoshihiro Kamada, Takashi Kizu, Satoshi Ogura, Kunimaro Furuta, Mayumi Egawa, Mina Hamano, Hisao Ezaki, Shinichi Kiso, Akihiko Shimono, Noriyuki Ouchi, Yuichi Yoshida, Tetsuo Takehara Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Metabolomics reveal 1-palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine production by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {alpha} Research Articles
PPARα is well known as a master regulator of lipid metabolism. PPARα activation enhances fatty acid oxidation and decreases the levels of circulating and cellular lipids in obese diabetic patients. Although PPARα target genes are widely known, little is known about the alteration of plasma and liver metabolites during PPARα activation. Here, we report that metabolome analysis-implicated upregulation of many plasma lysoGP species during bezafibrate (PPARα agonist) treatment. In particular, 1-palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine [LPC(16:0)] is increased by bezafibrate treatment in both plasma ...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - January 30, 2015 Category: Lipidology Authors: Takahashi, H., Goto, T., Yamazaki, Y., Kamakari, K., Hirata, M., Suzuki, H., Shibata, D., Nakata, R., Inoue, H., Takahashi, N., Kawada, T. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
