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Condition: Obesity

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Total 449 results found since Jan 2013.

Apelin‐13 administration protects against ischemia/reperfusion‐mediated apoptosis through FoxO1 pathway in high‐fat diet‐induced obesity.
Conclusions and ImplicationsThese data uncover apelin as a novel regulator of FoxO1 in cardiac cells and provide the evidence for the potential of apelin‐13 in prevention of apoptosis and mitochondrial damage in conditions combining I/R injury and obesity.
Source: British Journal of Pharmacology - March 23, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Frederic Boal, Andrei Timotin, Jessica Roumegoux, Chiara Alfarano, Denis Calise, Rodica Anesia, Angelo Parini, Philippe Valet, Helene Tronchere, Oksana Kunduzova Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Apelin‐13 administration protects against ischaemia/reperfusion‐mediated apoptosis through the FoxO1 pathway in high‐fat diet‐induced obesity
Conclusions and ImplicationsThese data reveal apelin as a novel regulator of FoxO1 in cardiac cells and provide evidence for the potential of apelin‐13 in prevention of apoptosis and mitochondrial damage in conditions combining I/R injury and obesity.
Source: British Journal of Pharmacology - April 19, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Frederic Boal, Andrei Timotin, Jessica Roumegoux, Chiara Alfarano, Denis Calise, Rodica Anesia, Angelo Parini, Philippe Valet, Helene Tronchere, Oksana Kunduzova Tags: RESEARCH PAPER Source Type: research

NPGPx (GPx7): a novel oxidative stress sensor/transmitter with multiple roles in redox homeostasis.
Authors: Chen YI, Wei PC, Hsu JL, Su FY, Lee WH Abstract NPGPx (GPx7) is a member of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family without any GPx activity. GPx7 displays a unique function which serves as a stress sensor/transmitter to transfer the signal to its interacting proteins by shuttling disulfide bonds in response to various stresses. In this review, we focus on the exceptional structural and biochemical features of GPx7 compared to other 7 family members and described how GPx7 regulates the diverse signaling targets including GRP78, PDI, CPEB2, and XRN2, and their different roles in unfolded protein response, o...
Source: American Journal of Translational Research - May 19, 2016 Category: Research Tags: Am J Transl Res Source Type: research

Adipocyte (Pro)Renin-Receptor Deficiency Induces Lipodystrophy, Liver Steatosis and Increases Blood Pressure in Male Mice Prorenin Receptor
We report a unique model of adipocyte-PRR–deficient mice (PRRAdi/Y) with almost no detectable white adipose tissues. As a consequence, the livers of PRRAdi/Y mice were enlarged and demonstrated a marked accumulation of lipids. Adipocyte-specific deficiency of PRR increased systolic blood pressure and the concentration of soluble PRR in plasma. To determine whether adipocyte-PRR was involved in the development of obesity-induced hypertension, mice were fed a low-fat or a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Adipocyte-PRR–deficient mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity. Both high-fat– and low-fat–fed PRR...
Source: Hypertension - June 7, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wu, C.-H., Mohammadmoradi, S., Thompson, J., Su, W., Gong, M., Nguyen, G., Yiannikouris, F. Tags: ACE/Angiotensin Receptors/Renin Angiotensin System, High Blood Pressure, Hypertension Prorenin Receptor Source Type: research

Reduced Insulin Receptor Expression Enhances Proximal Tubule Gluconeogenesis
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - June 20, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Gaurav Pandey, Kripa Shankar, Ekta Makhija, Anil Gaikwad, Carolyn Ecelbarger, Anil Mandhani, Aneesh Srivastava, Swasti Tiwari Tags: Article Source Type: research

Gene network activity in cultivated primary hepatocytes is highly similar to diseased mammalian liver tissue.
In conclusion, this study shows that gene regulatory network alterations of cultivated hepatocytes resemble those of inflammatory liver diseases and should therefore be considered and exploited as disease models. PMID: 27339419 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Archives of Toxicology - June 22, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Godoy P, Widera A, Schmidt-Heck W, Campos G, Meyer C, Cadenas C, Reif R, Stöber R, Hammad S, Pütter L, Gianmoena K, Marchan R, Ghallab A, Edlund K, Nüssler A, Thasler WE, Damm G, Seehofer D, Weiss TS, Dirsch O, Dahmen U, Gebhardt R, Chaudhari U, Megana Tags: Arch Toxicol Source Type: research

Zinc deficiency exacerbates while zinc supplement attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in high-fat diet-induced obese mice through modulating p38 MAPK-dependent signaling.
Abstract Childhood obesity often leads to cardiovascular diseases, such as obesity-related cardiac hypertrophy (ORCH), in adulthood, due to chronic cardiac inflammation. Zinc is structurally and functionally essential for many transcription factors; however, its role in ORCH and underlying mechanism(s) remain unclear and were explored here in mice with obesity induced with high-fat diet (HFD). Four week old mice were fed on either HFD (60%kcal fat) or normal diet (ND, 10% kcal fat) for 3 or 6 months, respectively. Either diet contained one of three different zinc quantities: deficiency (ZD, 10mg zinc per 4057kcal)...
Source: Toxicology Letters - June 20, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Wang S, Luo M, Zhang Z, Gu J, Chen J, Payne KM, Tan Y, Wang Y, Yin X, Zhang X, Liu GC, Wintergerst K, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Cai L Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

MiR-503 inhibits adipogenesis by targeting bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1a.
Authors: Man XF, Tan SW, Tang HN, Guo Y, Tang CY, Tang J, Zhou CL, Zhou HD Abstract Adipogenesis plays a key role in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis and is critically related to obesity. To overcome obesity and its associated disorders, it is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in adipogenesis. An adipogenesis-related miRNA array analysis demonstrated that miR-503 was differentially expressed before and after adipocyte differentiation; however, the exact role of miR-503 in adipocyte differentiation is unclear. Thus, the objective of this study was to further examine miR-503 in a...
Source: American Journal of Translational Research - July 12, 2016 Category: Research Tags: Am J Transl Res Source Type: research

miR-146a-5p inhibits TNF-{alpha}-induced adipogenesis via targeting insulin receptor in primary porcine adipocytes Research Articles
TNF-α is a multifunctional cytokine participating in immune disorders, inflammation, and tumor development with regulatory effects on energy metabolism. Our work focused on the function of TNF-α in adipogenesis of primary porcine adipocytes. TNF-α could suppress the insulin receptor (IR) at the mRNA and protein levels. Microarray analysis of TNF-α-treated porcine adipocytes was used to screen out 29 differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs), 13 of which were remarkably upregulated and 16 were intensely downregulated. These 29 differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted to mainly participate in ...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 31, 2016 Category: Lipidology Authors: Wu, D., Xi, Q.-Y., Cheng, X., Dong, T., Zhu, X.-T., Shu, G., Wang, L.-N., Jiang, Q.-Y., Zhang, Y.-L. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Palmitate-Induced MMP-9 Expression in the Human Monocytic Cells is Mediated through the TLR4-MyD88 Dependent Mechanism
Background/Aims: Obese individuals are known to have increased Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 plasma levels and MMP-9 is reported to play an important role in obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation. Since in obesity, the levels of circulatory saturated free fatty acid (FFA) palmitate (palimitic acid) are increased and modulate the expression of inflammatory mediators, the role of palmitate in the regulation of MMP-9 remains unclear.Methods:Human monocytic cell line THP-1 and primary monocytes were stimulated with palmitate and TNF- α (positive control). MMP-9 expression was assessed with real time RT-PCR and ELI...
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - August 5, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Oncostatin M and Adipose Tissue Homeostasis Molecular Bases of Disease
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a multifunctional gp130 cytokine. Although OSM is produced in adipose tissue, it is not produced by adipocytes. OSM expression is significantly induced in adipose tissue from obese mice and humans. The OSM-specific receptor, OSM receptor β (OSMR), is expressed in adipocytes, but its function remains largely unknown. To better understand the effects of OSM in adipose tissue, we knocked down Osmr expression in adipocytes in vitro using siRNA. In vivo, we generated a mouse line lacking Osmr in adiponectin-expressing cells (OSMRFKO mice). The effects of OSM on gene expression were also assessed in vitro ...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - August 11, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Elks, C. M., Zhao, P., Grant, R. W., Hang, H., Bailey, J. L., Burk, D. H., McNulty, M. A., Mynatt, R. L., Stephens, J. M. Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research

Exendin-4 decreases ghrelin levels through mTOR signaling
Publication date: 5 December 2016 Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 437 Author(s): Xiaosi Hong, Heng Zhang, Hongbin Liang, Danjie Li, Jiana Huang, Zhi Li, Sibo Jiang, Weizhen Zhang, Geyang Xu Exendin-4 (EX-4), a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, regulates feeding behavior through its ability to inhibit gastric emptying. Ghrelin, a gastric hormone, provides a hunger signal to the central nervous system to stimulate appetite. Here, we report that EX-4 suppresses ghrelin production through the mTORC1-dependent mechanism. Central administration of EX-4 reduces gastric, hypothalam...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - August 30, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Luteolin reduces obesity-associated insulin resistance in mice by activating AMPK α1 signalling in adipose tissue macrophages
Conclusions/interpretationDietary LU ameliorated insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice by promoting AMPK α1 signalling in ATMs.
Source: Diabetologia - September 9, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Salt-inducible kinase 2 and -3 are downregulated in adipose tissue from obese or insulin-resistant individuals: implications for insulin signalling and glucose uptake in human adipocytes
Conclusion/interpretationThis is the first study to describe the expression and function of SIKs in human adipocytes. Our data suggest that SIKs might be protective in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance, with implications for future treatment strategies.
Source: Diabetologia - November 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Activity in Human White Adipocytes Is Regulated by the Ubiquitin Carrier Protein 9/microRNA-30a Axis Cell Biology
In this study, we demonstrate that the mRNA and protein expression of Ubc9 are regulated by the microRNA miRNA-30a (miR-30a) in human subcutaneous adipocytes. Ubc9 and miR-30a exhibit inverse expression in adipose tissue, with miR-30a robustly elevated in brown fat. Depletion of Ubc9 by siRNA or enforced expression of a miR-30a mimic augments mitochondrial volume and respiration in human white adipocytes, reflecting features of brown fat cells. Furthermore, Ubc9 depletion induces a brown fat gene program in human subcutaneous adipocytes. Induction of the beige-selective gene program corresponds to stabilization of the PR d...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - November 17, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Eun Hee Koh, Yong Chen, David A. Bader, Mark P. Hamilton, Bin He, Brian York, Shingo Kajimura, Sean E. McGuire, Sean M. Hartig Tags: Gene Regulation Source Type: research