Ferulic acid and quercetin improve behavioral and neurochemical deficits in tartrazine-induced intoxication in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster)
This study thus evaluated the effect of quercetin and ferulic acid on tartrazine-induced neurotoxicity inDrosophila melanogaster. Wild-type (Harwich strain)Drosophila melanogaster flies, 3 –5 days old (male), were divided into six groups containing 40 flies per replicate: group 1 (Control) was fed with basal diet, group 2: flies fed with dietary inclusion of 0.005 mg/g tartrazine, group 3: flies fed with dietary inclusion of 0.005 mg/g tartrazine + 0.05 mg/g ferulic acid, gr oup 4: flies fed with dietary inclusion of 0.005 mg/g tartrazine + 0.5 mg/g ferulic acid, group 5: flies fed with dietary inclusions o...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - January 13, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Exosomes and COVID-19: challenges and opportunities
AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19, starting from Wuhan, China, in December 2019, is a pandemic situation affecting millions worldwide and has exerted a huge burden on healthcare infrastructure. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and design novel effective therapeutic strategies for combating this pandemic. In this regard, special attention has been paid to the exosomes. These nanoparticles are extracellular vesicles with critical function in the pathogenesis of several diseases including viral...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - January 13, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Poultry in Nsukka Agricultural Zone of Southeastern Nigeria using rapid test
This study investigated the presence of avian influenza viruses in pigeons, local chickens, and ducks in randomly selected three Local Government Areas of Enugu North Agricultural Zone of Enugu State, Nigeria, from December 2016 to May 2017. A total of three hundred cloacal swabs were collected from pigeons, local chickens and ducks in Igbo-Eze North, Igbo-Eze South and Nsukka Local Government Areas respectively. The samples were moved to the laboratory in cold chain for laboratory analysis within an hour of collection. The cloacal swab samples were analyzed for AI using rapid antigen detection kit (X/pect H5N1 kit by Th...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - January 10, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Anti-diabetic and hepato-renal protective potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Teucrium polium in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
This study ’s objective was to determine the effects of hydroalcoholic extract ofTeucrium polium (T. polium) on histopathological and biochemical markers of the liver and kidney in diabetic rats. In this experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats were divided to healthy control (group 1), diabetic control (group 2, these two groups received distilled water), treated diabetic positive control (group 3) using a dose 150 mg/kg/day metformin, and two groups treated with doses 400 (group 4) and 800 (group 5) mg/kg/BW ofT. polium extracts via gavage feeding for 8 weeks. Diabetes mellitus was experimentally induced by one dose...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - January 9, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Acute trypanosomiasis in a dog from Brazil: a case report study
We report a natural case ofTrypanosoma cruzi infection in a dog from Brazil that died after presenting apathy, anorexia, diarrhea, mucous pallor, and hypoglycemia. At necropsy, lymphadenopathy and enlargement of the spleen, liver, and heart were observed and also fibrin deposition over the liver capsule and spleen. The lungs were edematous with a reddish-to-blueish color. The liver had severe multifocal to centrolobular congestion, with slight hepatocyte dissociation, vacuolation, and severe necrosis. Lymph nodes showed multifocal follicular to coalescent lymphoid hyperplasia, and the heart had severe multifocal to coalesc...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - January 6, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Eosinophil efferocytosis during emphysematous eosinophilic lymphangitis in the bovine rumen: histopathological evaluation with special focus on cellular kinetics of professional phagocytes
AbstractEosinophil efferocytosis, a process of engulfment and removal of apoptotic eosinophils by professional phagocytes, has been described in several chronic inflammatory disorders (such as asthma) in human medicine. Eosinophil efferocytosis was recognized in naturally occurring chronic inflammatory disorders affecting lymphatic vessels of the bovine rumen. Twelve adult Holstein –Friesian dairy cows that were conventionally slaughtered exhibited regional emphysematous thickening of the ruminal submucosa. Histopathology revealed multiple emphysematous eosinophilic lymphangitis, characterized by cystic dilations of subm...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - January 4, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Comparative haematology of quantitative PCR negative trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible cattle in Nigeria
AbstractHaematologic studies are helpful in the selection of genetically resistant animals. African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) is an important protozoan parasitic disease associated with haematopathologies. There is dearth of information on the haematologic differences between trypanosusceptible (TS) and trypanotolerant (TT) cattle in the absence of AAT. Fifty apparently healthy adult cattle comprising 13 Muturu, 11 N’Dama (TT), and 26 White Fulani (TS) were sampled. Whole blood was collected for complete blood count (CBC), blood cell morphology, microscopic screening, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPC...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - January 3, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Pneumonic pasteurellosis in two Alpine goats: clinical, radiographic, histopathologic, and microbiologic findings
AbstractRespiratory diseases such as pneumonia are one of the main concerns in the livestock industry. Economic losses owing to pneumonia are prevalent in small ruminants and pathogenic organisms such asPasteurella andMannheimia are the principal bacterial agents involved in pneumonic pasteurellosis. Two adult Alpine female goats with signs of respiratory involvement were referred. Clinical examinations of these animals showed fever, anorexia, dyspnea with head and neck strain and open mouth breathing, unilateral serous nasal discharge, abdominal breathing with harsh, and crackles lung sound upon auscultation. Radiography ...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - November 29, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Orbital acinic cell carcinoma of presumed Harderian gland origin in a captive African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)
This report describes a 4-year-old, male, intact African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) that was presented for evaluation of left-sided exophthalmos with swelling and protrusion of the nictitating membrane. A suspected neoplasm, presumed to originate from the Harderian gland, was identified in the ventromedial orbit in association with the nictitating membrane. The mass was surgically removed and diagnosed as an acinic cell carcinoma, but reoccurred 5 months post-operatively. Humane euthanasia was elected, and a necropsy with histopathology confirmed the initial diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma. This case sugges...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - November 29, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Effects of synbiotic probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on haematology and serum total proteins of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria tenella
AbstractEffects of synbiotic, probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on alterations in haematological parameters of broiler chickens infected withEimeria tenella was understudied. Ninety-day-old broiler chicks divided into 6 groups (I, II, III, IV, V, VI) containing 15 chicks each were used for the study. Group I served as negative control (non-supplemented, unchallenged). Group II served as positive control (non-supplemented but challenged). Group III was supplemented with prebiotic (sugarcane molasses). Group IV was supplemented probiotic (Antox ®). Group V was supplemented synbiotic (Enflorax®) whilst Group VI was gi...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - November 24, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Changes of cardiovascular biomarkers and antioxidants during sedation by xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine, and dexmedetomidine in goats
In conclusion, IV administration of xylazine (100 μg kg−1), detomidine (50 μg kg−1), medetomidine (20 μg kg−1), and dexmedetomidine (5 μg kg−) showed cardiac side effects after 24 h in goats. These results suggest that usage of α2-adrenergic agonists in goats should be administered with caution, especially in goats with cardiovascular problems. (Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology)
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - November 23, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Dennettia tripetala preserves hepatic and renal tissue structure and function
This study was therefore designed to test the ability ofDennettia tripetala (D. tripetala) to prevent severe liver and kidney damage, caused by repeated exposures to CCl4. Rats were force-fed daily withD. tripetala extracts for 21 days, and from day 18 to 21, CCl4 was additionally administered. Positive and negative controls were included. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and subjected to biochemical and histopathological examinations. CCl4 caused elevations in serum activities of liver enzymes, as well as total protein and globulin concentration, while the albumin concentration dropped drastic...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - November 23, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Monoplex and multiplex immunoassays: approval, advancements, and alternatives
AbstractImmunoassays are a powerful diagnostic tool and are widely used for the quantification of proteins and biomolecules in medical diagnosis and research. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most commonly used immunoassay format and allows the detection of biomarkers at a very low concentration. The diagnostic platforms such as enzyme immunoassay (EIA), chemiluminescence (CL) assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), flow cytometry (FC), and mass spectrometry (MS) have been used to identify molecular biomarkers. However, these diagnostic tools requiring expensive equipment, long testing time, and qualified...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - November 20, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Pharmaceutico-analytical standardization and preclinical safety evaluation of herbomineral formulation (Sameerpanag Ras) in rats
AbstractSameerpannag Ras (SPR) is a complex herbomineral formulation widely used in Ayurveda for stiffness in joints, cough, fever, headache, and respiratory symptoms like dyspnea. The metallic constituents of the formulation pose public health concerns; therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate the safety of the SPR in rats. In the present study, systematic preparation, characterization, and subacute oral toxicity of Sameerpannag Ras were performed. The formulation was prepared as per a standard protocol prescribed in the classical Ayurveda texts. The drug obtained was greenish-black with typical physicoc...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - November 19, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Sphenocentrum jollyanum root and leaf extracts enhanced wound closure by improving the glycemic state of diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet/streptozotocin
This study evaluates the effect ofSphenocentrum jollyanum root and leaf extracts on glycemic state and wound closure in a type 2 diabetic rat induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ). The experimental animals were fed high fat diet for 14 days, and low dose (35 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ) was afterwards administered intraperitoneally. The blood glucose of the animals were measured after 72 h of STZ administration and wound subsequently created. The rats were givenS. jollyanum extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w) through oral gavage and also administered topically on the wound area for two weeks. An increased ...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - November 19, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
