Molecules, Vol. 29, Pages 1945: Oxymatrine Modulation of TLR3 Signaling: A Dual-Action Mechanism for H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Defense and Immune Regulation
This study investigated the H9N2 AIV antiviral properties of Oxymatrine (OMT), a compound derived from traditional Chinese medicine, particularly focusing on its interaction with pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). Employing an array of in vitro assays, including 50% tissue culture infectious dose, Cell Counting Kit-8, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot, we systematically elucidated the multifaceted effects of OMT. OMT dose-dependently inhibited critical antiviral proteins (PKR and Mx1) and modulated the expression of type I inte...
Source: Molecules - April 24, 2024 Category: Chemistry Authors: Yan Zhi Xinping Zhao Zhenyi Liu Guoyu Shen Taiming Zhang Tao Zhang Ge Hu Tags: Article Source Type: research
Evaluation of Th1/Th2, regulatory cytokines and transcriptional factor FoxP3 in sheep immunized with a partially protective and non-protective vaccine and challenged with Fasciola hepatica
AbstractGene expression for Th1/Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IFN- ɣ), regulatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL-10) and the transcriptional factor FoxP3 was analyzed in the liver and hepatic lymph nodes (HLN) from sheep immunized with partially protective and non-protective vaccine candidates and challenged withFasciola hepatica. FoxP3 T cells were also evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHQ). The most remarkable difference between the partially protected vaccinated (V1) group and the non-protected vaccinated (V2) group was a more severe expansion of FoxP3 T cells recorded by IHQ in both the liver and HLN of the V2 group as compared...
Source: Veterinary Research - April 24, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 660: Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Producing Bacterial Cocktail Reduces Rotavirus A, B, and C Infection and Disease in Gnotobiotic Piglets
In this study, germ-free piglets were colonized with HBGA+ or HBGA- bacterial cocktail and infected with RVA/RVB/RVC of different genotypes. Diarrhea severity, virus shedding, immunoglobulin A (IgA) Ab titers, and cytokine levels were evaluated. Overall, colonization with HBGA+ bacteria resulted in reduced diarrhea severity and virus shedding compared to the HBGA- bacteria. Consistent with our hypothesis, the reduced severity of RV disease and infection was not associated with significant alterations in immune responses. Additionally, colonization with HBGA+ bacteria conferred beneficial effects irrespective of the piglet ...
Source: Viruses - April 24, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Sergei A. Raev Maryssa K. Kick Maria Chellis Joshua O. Amimo Linda J. Saif Anastasia N. Vlasova Tags: Communication Source Type: research
Animal hepacivirus models for hepatitis C virus immune responses and pathology
Chronic HCV infection is a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While curable with antiviral therapy, a vaccine is essential for HCV containment and eradication. Vaccine development ideally requires immunocompetent animal models, and in vitro systems for assessment of neutralising antibodies (nAbs). Engineered mouse models supporting HCV infection and replication are available but have blunted immune responses, limiting their suitability for vaccine studies. HCV incurred intrahepatic pathology also remains understudied due to the inaccessibility of human liver samples. (Source: Journal of Hepatology)
Source: Journal of Hepatology - April 24, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Matthew J. Kennedy, Sonja Fernbach, Troels K.H. Scheel Tags: Hepatology Snapshot Source Type: research
The complete Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus genome induces early-onset, metastatic angiosarcoma in transgenic mice
Cell Host Microbe. 2024 Apr 15:S1931-3128(24)00112-4. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.03.012. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTKaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common cancer in persons living with HIV. It is caused by KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). There exists no animal model for KS. Pronuclear injection of the 170,000-bp viral genome induces early-onset, aggressive angiosarcoma in transgenic mice. The tumors are histopathologically indistinguishable from human KS. As in human KS, all tumor cells express the viral latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). The tumors transcribe most viral genes, whereas endothelial cells in other...
Source: Cell Host and Microbe - April 23, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sang-Hoon Sin Anthony B Eason Yongbaek Kim Johann W Schneider Blossom Damania Dirk P Dittmer Source Type: research
The immunostimulatory roles of gold nanoparticles in immunization and vaccination against Brucella abortus antigens
Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Apr 22;133:112121. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112121. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOne effective antigen carrier proposed for use in immunization and vaccination is gold nanoparticles. Prior work has shown that gold nanoparticles themselves have adjuvant properties. Currently, gold nanoparticles are used to design new diagnostic tests and vaccines against viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. We investigated the use of gold nanoparticles as immunomodulators in immunization and vaccination with an antigen isolated from Brucella abortus. Gold nanoparticles with a diameter of 15 nm were synthe...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - April 23, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sergey A Staroverov Roman D Vyrshchikov Vladimir A Bogatyrev Lev A Dykman Source Type: research
The complete Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus genome induces early-onset, metastatic angiosarcoma in transgenic mice
Cell Host Microbe. 2024 Apr 15:S1931-3128(24)00112-4. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.03.012. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTKaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common cancer in persons living with HIV. It is caused by KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). There exists no animal model for KS. Pronuclear injection of the 170,000-bp viral genome induces early-onset, aggressive angiosarcoma in transgenic mice. The tumors are histopathologically indistinguishable from human KS. As in human KS, all tumor cells express the viral latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). The tumors transcribe most viral genes, whereas endothelial cells in other...
Source: Cell Host and Microbe - April 23, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sang-Hoon Sin Anthony B Eason Yongbaek Kim Johann W Schneider Blossom Damania Dirk P Dittmer Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 647: Back to the Basics of SARS-CoV-2 Biochemistry: Microvascular Occlusive Glycan Bindings Govern Its Morbidities and Inform Therapeutic Responses
Wendy E. Hoy
Consistent with the biochemistry of coronaviruses as well established over decades, SARS-CoV-2 makes its initial attachment to host cells through the binding of its spike protein (SP) to sialylated glycans (containing the monosaccharide sialic acid) on the cell surface. The virus can then slide over and enter via ACE2. SARS-CoV-2 SP attaches particularly tightly to the trillions of red blood cells (RBCs), platelets and endothelial cells in the human body, each cell very densely coated with sialic acid surface molecules but having no ACE2 or minimal ACE2. These interlaced attachments trigger the blood ce...
Source: Viruses - April 22, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: David E. Scheim Peter I. Parry David J. Rabbolini Colleen Aldous Morimasa Yagisawa Robert Clancy Thomas J. Borody Wendy E. Hoy Tags: Review Source Type: research
Molecular investigation and genetic characterization of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in cats referred to a veterinary teaching hospital in Northern Italy
In this study, a quantitative SYBR Green Real-Time PCR (qPCR) assay was used to detect FeLV proviral DNA in blood samples from antigen positive cats referred to a veterinary teaching hospital in Northern Italy in 2018 –2021. To genetically characterize the identified viruses, a portion of the viral envelope (env) gene was amplified using six different end-point PCRs and sequenced. Twenty-two of 26 (84.6%) cats included in the study tested positive by qPCR assay. This suggests a high performance of the qPCR adopted but further studies are required to investigate the cause of discordant results between the antigen test and...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - April 22, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Leptospira-specific immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is protective in infected hamsters
In conclusion, passive immunotherapy with specific IgY can be considered an effective treatment for leptospirosis, and may replace antibiotics regarding its therapeutic effects.PMID:38641497 | DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.010 (Source: Vaccine)
Source: Vaccine - April 19, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Tianbao Lv Xufeng Xie Luteng Diao Shuang Jiang Yue Ding Xin Yuan Lingling Gong Xi Chen Wenlong Zhang Yongguo Cao Source Type: research
Design of a multi-epitope-based vaccine candidate against Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis using a reverse vaccinology approach
Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis (BGC), a worldwide distributed venereal disease caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv), has a relevant negative economic impact in cattle herds. The control of BGC... (Source: BMC Veterinary Research)
Source: BMC Veterinary Research - April 19, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Marta Filipa Silva, Gon çalo Pereira, Luísa Mateus, Luís Lopes da Costa and Elisabete Silva Tags: Research Source Type: research
Stability and integrity of self-assembled bovine parvovirus virus ‑like particles (BPV‑VLPs) of VP2 and combination of VP1VP2 assisted by baculovirus-insect cell expression: a potential logistical platform for vaccine deployment
Bovine parvovirus (BPV) is an autonomous DNA virus with a smaller molecular size and subtle differences in its structural proteins, unlike other animal parvoviruses. More importantly, this virus has the potent... (Source: Virology Journal)
Source: Virology Journal - April 19, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet, Guo-xiu Li, Qian Li, Jun-Fei Dai, Yao-Zhong Ding, Luoyi Zhou, Min Qu, Yang Wang, Zhongyuan Ma, Gebremeskel Mamu Werid, Birhanu Hadush Abera, Asmelash Tassew Kebede, Yuefeng Sun, Xiangping Yin, Yongsheng Liu and Zhang Jie Tags: Methodology Source Type: research
