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Total 791 results found since Jan 2013.

AMPK inhibitor BML-275 induces neuroprotection through decreasing cyt c and AIF expression after transient brain ischemia
This study supports the hypothesis that anti-apoptosis is one of potential neuroprotective strategies for the treatment of stroke.PMID:34837819 | DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116522
Source: Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry - November 27, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Yue Hu Yao-Dong Dong Yan-Chao Wu Qiu-Xu Wang Xiang Nan Da-Li Wang Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 27, Pages 7644: Preparation, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Nanoemulsion In Situ Gel for Transnasal Delivery of Traditional Chinese Medicine Volatile Oil from Ligusticum sinense Oliv.cv. Chaxiong
un Li Guosong Zhang Ischemic stroke is a difficult-to-treat brain disease that may be attributed to a limited therapeutic time window and lack of effective clinical drugs. Nasal–brain administration is characterized by low systemic toxicity and is a direct and non-invasive brain targeting route. Preliminary studies have shown that the volatile oil of Chaxiong (VOC) has an obvious anti-ischemic stroke effect. In this work, we designed a nanoemulsion thermosensitive in situ gel (VOC-NE-ISG) loaded with volatile oil of Chaxiong for ischemia via intranasal delivery to rat brain treatment of cerebral ischemi...
Source: Molecules - November 7, 2022 Category: Chemistry Authors: Chunhui Huang Canjian Wang Wenliu Zhang Tao Yang Mingyan Xia Xiaomeng Lei Ying Peng Yuhuan Wu Jianfang Feng Dongxun Li Guosong Zhang Tags: Article Source Type: research

Inflammatory responses in Brain Ischemia.
Abstract Brain infarction causes tissue death by ischemia due to occlusion of the cerebral vessels and recent work has shown that post stroke inflammation contributes significantly to the development of the ischemic pathology. Because secondary damage by brain inflammation may have longer therapeutic time window compared to the rescue of primary damage following arterial occlusion, controlling inflammation would be an obvious therapeutic target. A substantial amount of experimentally progress in this area has been made in recent years. However, it is difficult to elucidate the precise mechanisms of the inflammator...
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - February 9, 2015 Category: Chemistry Authors: Kawabori M, Yenari MA Tags: Curr Med Chem Source Type: research

Characterisation of torsional actuation in highly twisted yarns and fibres
Publication date: Available online 17 July 2015 Source:Polymer Testing Author(s): Shazed Aziz, Sina Naficy, Javad Foroughi, Hugh R. Brown, Geoffrey M. Spinks Highly twisted oriented polymer fibres and carbon nanotube yarns show large scale torsional actuation from volume expansion that can be induced, for example, thermally or by electrochemical charging. When formed into spring-like coils, the torsional actuation within the fibre or yarn generates powerful tensile actuation per muscle weight. For further development of these coil actuators and for the practical application of torsional actuators, it is important to...
Source: Polymer Testing - July 18, 2015 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Serum S100A12 and 30-day mortality after acute intracerebral hemorrhage.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher S100A12 concentrations are positively associated with inflammation, hemorrhagic severity and short-term mortality among ICH patients, indicating S100A12 may represent a biomarker for predicting poor outcome after hemorrhagic stroke. PMID: 29196185 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: International Journal of Clinical Chemistry - November 28, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Qian SQ, He SR, Li BB, Qian J, Zheng XD Tags: Clin Chim Acta Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 23, Pages 2401: Neuroprotective Effects of Radix Scrophulariae on Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury via MAPK Pathways
Xiaobo Sun Ischemic stroke is a clinically common cerebrovascular disease whose main risks include necrosis, apoptosis and cerebral infarction, all caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Ischemia and reperfusion-induced injury of or apoptosis inhibition in human brain tissue may exert an irreplaceable protective effect on ischemic nerves. This process has particular significance for the treatment of stroke patients. However, the development of neuroprotective drugs remains challenging. Radix Scrophulariae, traditionally considered a valuable medicine, has been discovered to have neuroprotective effects. ...
Source: Molecules - September 19, 2018 Category: Chemistry Authors: Xiaobo Meng Weijie Xie Quanfu Xu Tian Liang Xudong Xu Guibo Sun Xiaobo Sun Tags: Article Source Type: research

Natural neuroprotective alkaloids from Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers.
Abstract Modulating inflammatory responses after stroke can prevent brain injury and, therefore, improve neurological outcome. Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers is a Chinese folk medicine with the function of dispelling the "wind and blockage" in the human body according to the Chinese medicine theory, in which the symptoms of stroke are caused by the "wind and blockage" in the body. In this paper, we for the first time linked S. japonica to stroke by clarifying fifteen alkaloidal constituents including five undescribed (1-5) ones and screening out six hasubanan type alkaloids (1-4, 7, 15) that elicited stronger a...
Source: Bioorganic Chemistry - July 31, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Xiao J, Hao T, Chen G, Song J, Lin B, Li W, Xu J, Liu J, Hou Y, Li N Tags: Bioorg Chem Source Type: research

Utility of serum amyloid A as a potential prognostic biomarker of acute primary basal ganglia hemorrhage.
CONCLUSIONS: Rising serum SAA concentrations, in close correlation with inflammation and hemorrhagic severity, are independently related to mortality and poor outcome after ICH, indicating that serum SAA might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for ICH. PMID: 32088210 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: International Journal of Clinical Chemistry - February 19, 2020 Category: Chemistry Authors: Huangfu XQ, Wang LG, Le ZD, Tao B Tags: Clin Chim Acta Source Type: research

Neurotoxicity Caused by Calpain Cleavage of Src Molecular Bases of Disease
Excitotoxicity resulting from overstimulation of glutamate receptors is a major cause of neuronal death in cerebral ischemic stroke. The overstimulated ionotropic glutamate receptors exert their neurotoxic effects in part by overactivation of calpains, which induce neuronal death by catalyzing limited proteolysis of specific cellular proteins. Here, we report that in cultured cortical neurons and in vivo in a rat model of focal ischemic stroke, the tyrosine kinase Src is cleaved by calpains at a site in the N-terminal unique domain. This generates a truncated Src fragment of ∼52 kDa, which we localized predominantly to t...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - April 5, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Hossain, M. I., Roulston, C. L., Kamaruddin, M. A., Chu, P. W. Y., Ng, D. C. H., Dusting, G. J., Bjorge, J. D., Williamson, N. A., Fujita, D. J., Cheung, S. N., Chan, T. O., Hill, A. F., Cheng, H.-C. Tags: Neurobiology Source Type: research

miR17-92 Mediates Neurogenesis of SVZ Cells Neurobiology
The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in mediating adult neurogenesis after stroke has not been extensively studied. The present study investigated the function of the miR17-92 cluster in adult neural progenitor cells after experimental stroke. We found that stroke substantially up-regulated miR17-92 cluster expression in neural progenitor cells of the adult mouse. Overexpression of the miR17-92 cluster either in cultured ischemic neural progenitor cells or in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of ischemic animals significantly increased cell proliferation, whereas inhibition of individual members of the miR17-92 cluster, miR-18a and ...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - May 3, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Liu, X. S., Chopp, M., Wang, X. L., Zhang, L., Hozeska-Solgot, A., Tang, T., Kassis, H., Zhang, R. L., Chen, C., Xu, J., Zhang, Z. G. Tags: Molecular Bases of Disease Source Type: research

Effect of Cardiomyopathy Mutation R453C on Myosin Kinetics Enzymology
We report here the first detailed biochemical kinetic analysis of the motor domain of the human β-cardiac myosin carrying the R453C mutation. A recent report of the same mutation (Sommese, R. F., Sung, J., Nag, S., Sutton, S., Deacon, J. C., Choe, E., Leinwand, L. A., Ruppel, K., and Spudich, J. A. (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110, 12607–12612) found reduced ATPase and in vitro motility but increased force production using an optical trap. Surprisingly, our results show that the mutation alters few biochemical kinetic parameters significantly. The exceptions are the rate constants for ATP binding to the motor do...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - February 21, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Bloemink, M., Deacon, J., Langer, S., Vera, C., Combs, A., Leinwand, L., Geeves, M. A. Tags: Molecular Bases of Disease Source Type: research

Comparison of Cardiac Troponins I and T Measured with High-Sensitivity Methods for Evaluation of Prognosis in Atrial Fibrillation: An ARISTOTLE Substudy Proteomics and Protein Markers
CONCLUSIONS: cTnI and cTnT concentrations are moderately correlated and measurable in plasma of most AF patients. The risk of stroke and cardiovascular events is highest when both troponins are above median concentrations. Each troponin provides comparable prognostic information when combined with clinical risk factors. ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00412984
Source: Clinical Chemistry - January 28, 2015 Category: Chemistry Authors: Hijazi, Z., Siegbahn, A., Andersson, U., Lindahl, B., Granger, C. B., Alexander, J. H., Atar, D., Gersh, B. J., Hanna, M., Harjola, V.-P., Horowitz, J., Husted, S., Hylek, E. M., Lopes, R. D., McMurray, J. J. V., Wallentin, L. Tags: Proteomics and Protein Markers Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 21, Pages 438: Analysis of Potential Amino Acid Biomarkers in Brain Tissue and the Effect of Galangin on Cerebral Ischemia
Galangin, a potent scavenger of free radicals, has been used as an herbal medicine for various ailments for centuries in Asia. With complex pathophysiology, ischemic stroke is one of the most frequent causes of death and disability worldwide. We have reported that galangin provides direct protection against ischemic injury as a potential neuroprotective agent and has potential therapeutic effects on the changes of serum amino acids in ischemic stroke; however, the mechanism of the changes of amino acids in the ischemic brain tissue has not yet been clarified. In this paper, we explored brain tissue amino acid biomarkers in...
Source: Molecules - April 5, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Ruocong YangKun ChenYanyan ZhaoPengpeng TianFeipeng DuanWenli SunYuxin LiuZhiyong YanShaojing Li Tags: Article Source Type: research

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Predicts All-Cause Morbidity and Mortality in Stable Coronary Heart Disease Proteomics and Protein Markers
CONCLUSIONS: In stable CHD, GDF-15 was independently associated with CV, non-CV, and cancer mortality, as well as with MI and stroke. When also adjusting for other prognostic biomarkers, the associations to all fatal and nonfatal events were maintained except for MI. Information on GDF-15, therefore, might be helpful when assessing the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with stable CHD. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00799903
Source: Clinical Chemistry - December 29, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Hagstrom, E., Held, C., Stewart, R. A. H., Aylward, P. E., Budaj, A., Cannon, C. P., Koenig, W., Krug-Gourley, S., Mohler, E. R., Steg, P. G., Tarka, E., Ostlund, O., White, H. D., Siegbahn, A., Wallentin, L., on behalf of the STABILITY Investigators Tags: Proteomics and Protein Markers Source Type: research

Conformational selection and induced fit as a useful framework for molecular motor mechanisms.
Abstract The linkage between macromolecular binding and conformational change that is ubiquitous in biological molecules can be understood in the context of the mechanisms of conformational selection and induced fit. Here, we explore mappings between these mechanisms of ligand binding and those underlying the translocation of molecular motors and the nucleic acid unwinding of helicases. The mechanism of biased motion exhibited by molecular motors is typically described as either a thermal ratchet or a power-stroke and nucleic acid helicases are characterized by either active or passive unwinding mechanisms. We pos...
Source: Biophysical Chemistry - February 2, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Galburt EA, Tomko EJ Tags: Biophys Chem Source Type: research