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Total 791 results found since Jan 2013.

Telomere Length as a marker of biological aging: A critical review of recent literature
CONCLUSION: The present review attempted to examine the purported relation between leukocyte TL and age-related diseases such as CVD and more specific stroke and heart disease in view of the best established, comprehensive, medical and epidemiological criteria that have characterized the focused recent relevant research. Although several recommendations have been made that may contribute significantly to the field, a call for novel technical approaches and studies is mandatory to further elucidate the possible association.PMID:35838223 | DOI:10.2174/0929867329666220713123750
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - July 15, 2022 Category: Chemistry Authors: Stylianos Daios Antonia Anogeianaki Georgia Kaiafa Anastasia Kontana Stavroula Veneti Christiana Gogou Eleni Karlafti Dimitrios Pilalas Ilias Kanellos Christos Savopoulos Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 28, Pages 1021: Cyclic Glycine-Proline (cGP) Normalises Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Function: Clinical Significance in the Ageing Brain and in Age-Related Neurological Conditions
ep Singh-Mallah Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) function declines with age and is associated with brain ageing and the progression of age-related neurological conditions. The reversible binding of IGF-1 to IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 regulates the amount of bioavailable, functional IGF-1 in circulation. Cyclic glycine-proline (cGP), a metabolite from the binding site of IGF-1, retains its affinity for IGFBP-3 and competes against IGF-1 for IGFBP-3 binding. Thus, cGP and IGFBP-3 collectively regulate the bioavailability of IGF-1. The molar ratio of cGP/IGF-1 represents the amount of bioavailable and functional IG...
Source: Molecules - January 19, 2023 Category: Chemistry Authors: Jian Guan Fengxia Li Dali Kang Tim Anderson Toni Pitcher John Dalrymple-Alford Paul Shorten Gagandeep Singh-Mallah Tags: Review Source Type: research

The NOX1/4 Inhibitor GKT136901 as Selective and Direct Scavenger of Peroxynitrite.
Abstract NADPH oxidases (NOX), catalyzing the reduction of molecular oxygen to form the superoxide radical anion (.O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are involved in several pathological conditions, such as stroke, diabetes, atherosclerosis, but also in chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or multiple sclerosis. GKT136901 is a novel NOX-1/4 inhibitor with potential application in the areas of diabetic nephropathy, stroke, or neurodegeneration. In the present study, we investigated additional pharmacological activities of the compound with respect to direct free radic...
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - July 8, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Schildknecht S, Weber A, Gerding HR, Pape R, Robotta M, Drescher M, Marquardt A, Daiber A, Ferger B, Leist M Tags: Curr Med Chem Source Type: research

Noninvasive Measurement of the Mechanical Force Generated by Motor Protein EF-G during Ribosome Translocation.
Abstract The power stroke of a motor protein: The motor protein EF-G generates a power stroke of 89 pN during ribosome translocation. This mechanical force is obtained by measuring the force-induced dissociation of a series of DNA-mRNA duplexes. The dissociation is indicated by a decrease in magnetic signal. PMID: 24353228 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Angewandte Chemie - December 20, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Yao L, Li Y, Tsai TW, Xu S, Wang Y Tags: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl Source Type: research

Mechanisms of Neurovascular Dysfunction in Acute Ischemic Brain.
Abstract The neurovascular unit is now well accepted as a conceptual framework for investigating the mechanisms of ischemic stroke. From a molecular and cellular perspective, three broad mechanisms may underlie stroke pathophysiology - excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation. To date, however, most investigations of these basic mechanisms have focused on neuronal responses. In this mini-review, we ask whether these mechanisms of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation can also be examined in terms of non-neuronal interactions in the neurovascular unit, including the release of extracellular ves...
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - December 28, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Terasaki Y, Liu Y, Hayakawa K, Loc-Duyen DP, Lo EH, Ji X, Arai K Tags: Curr Med Chem Source Type: research

Synthesis and positive inotropic evaluation of 1,2,4triazolo3,4-aphthalazine and tetrazolo5,1-aphthalazine derivatives bearing substituted piperazine moieties.
Abstract Four series of [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazine and tetrazolo[5,1-a]phthalazine derivatives bearing substituted piperazine moieties were synthesized and evaluated for their positive inotropic activity by measuring the left atrium stroke volume in isolated rabbit-heart preparations. Several compounds were developed and showed favorable activities compared to the standard drug milrinone, with (4-([1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazin-6-yl)piperazin-1-yl)(p-tolyl)methanone (5g) being identified as the most potent with an increased stroke volume of 19.15±0.22% (milrinone: 2.46±0.07%) at a concentration of 3×10...
Source: Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters - March 3, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Ma LX, Cui BR, Wu Y, Liu JC, Cui X, Liu LP, Piao HR Tags: Bioorg Med Chem Lett Source Type: research

Prognostic significance of plasma copeptin detection compared with multiple biomarkers in intracerebral hemorrhage.
CONCLUSIONS: Copeptin may help in the prediction of long-term clinical outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage. PMID: 24657424 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: International Journal of Clinical Chemistry - March 19, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Yu WH, Wang WH, Dong XQ, Du Q, Yang DB, Shen YF, Wang H, Zhang ZY, Zhu Q, Che ZH, Liu QJ, Jiang L, Du YF Tags: Clin Chim Acta Source Type: research

Laboratory medicine for molecular imaging of atherosclerosis.
Abstract Atherosclerotic plaques are the main cause of life threatening clinical endpoints like myocardial infarction and stroke. To prevent these endpoints, the improved early diagnosis and treatment of vulnerable atherosclerotic vascular lesions is essential. Although originally applied for anticancer treatment, recent advances have also showed the considerable potential of nanotechnology for atherosclerosis. Otherwise, one domain of laboratory medicine is the investigation of new biomarkers. Recent research activities have identified the usability of biomarker-targeted nanoparticles for molecular imaging and ph...
Source: International Journal of Clinical Chemistry - July 5, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Mangge H, Almer G, Stelzer I, Reininghaus E, Prassl R Tags: Clin Chim Acta Source Type: research

Copaíba (Copaifera sp.) leaf extracts obtained by CO2 supercritical fluid extraction: Isotherms of global yield, kinetics data, antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects
This study aimed to obtain leaf extracts of Copaifera sp. via supercritical fluid extraction, assessing the global yield isotherms, process variables through the kinetic parameters of extraction, as well as antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects. Three isotherms (40°C, 50°C and 60°C) were studied in the pressure range of 10–30MPa. The overall higher mass on dry basis yield (∼3.8%) and antioxidant activity (∼64%) were observed at 20MPa and 60°C. For the kinetic study of extraction, the extracts obtained with higher and lower antioxidant activity were chosen, and the models of Martinez et al., Tan and Lio...
Source: The Journal of Supercritical Fluids - February 27, 2015 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Changes in plasma thrombospondin-1 concentrations following acute intracerebral hemorrhage.
CONCLUSIONS: Increased plasma thrombospondin-1 concentrations following ICH are independently associated with injury severity and short-term and long-term clinical outcomes. PMID: 26368265 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: International Journal of Clinical Chemistry - September 12, 2015 Category: Chemistry Authors: Dong XQ, Yu WH, Zhu Q, Cheng ZY, Chen YH, Lin XF, Ten XL, Tang XB, Chen J Tags: Clin Chim Acta Source Type: research

SIRT3 Deacetylates Ceramide Synthases Molecular Bases of Disease
Experimental evidence supports the role of mitochondrial ceramide accumulation as a cause of mitochondrial dysfunction and brain injury after stroke. Herein, we report that SIRT3 regulates mitochondrial ceramide biosynthesis via deacetylation of ceramide synthase (CerS) 1, 2, and 6. Reciprocal immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that CerS1, CerS2, and CerS6, but not CerS4, are associated with SIRT3 in cerebral mitochondria. Furthermore, CerS1, -2, and -6 are hyperacetylated in the mitochondria of SIRT3-null mice, and SIRT3 directly deacetylates the ceramide synthases in a NAD+-dependent manner that increases enzyme ac...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - January 22, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Novgorodov, S. A., Riley, C. L., Keffler, J. A., Yu, J., Kindy, M. S., Macklin, W. B., Lombard, D. B., Gudz, T. I. Tags: Lipids Source Type: research

Chronic depression symptoms and salivary NOx are associated with retinal vascular dysregulation: The SABPA study
Conclusions Chronic depression symptoms may alter NO regulation and facilitate VD. NO-mediated vasoconstriction presumably impeded perfusion, retinal hemodynamics and –remodelling; potentiating stroke risk in Blacks. Graphical abstract
Source: Nitric Oxide - March 3, 2016 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

The Physics and Physical Chemistry of Molecular Machines.
Abstract The concept of a ``power stroke" - a free-energy releasing conformational change - appears in almost every textbook that deals with the molecular details of muscle, the flagellar rotor, and many other bio-molecular machines.Here, it is shown by using the constraints of microscopic reversibility that the power stroke model is incorrect as an explanation of how chemical energy is used by a molecular machine to do mechanical work. Instead, chemically driven molecular machinesfunction as information ratchets in which the directionality and stopping torque or stopping force are controlled entirely by the gatin...
Source: Chemphyschem - May 5, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Astumian RD, Mukherjee S, Warshel A Tags: Chemphyschem Source Type: research