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Nutrition: Vitamins

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Total 289 results found since Jan 2013.

Propionate promotes vitamin D receptor expression via yes-associated protein in rats with short bowel syndrome.
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of propionate on the expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the small intestine of rats with SBS. Firstly, IEC-6 (intestinal epithelioid cell line No. 6) cells were incubated in vitro with 1 mM sodium propionate for 24 h. This resulted in a significant increase in the expression of VDR and yes-associated protein (YAP) compared with that in the control group. Transfection of IEC-6 cells with YAP siRNA significantly down-regulated the expression of VDR. By contrast, after incubating IEC-6 cells with lysophosphatidic acid, an agonist of YAP, upregulation of VDR and...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - January 11, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lin H, Huang Y, Tian T, Wang P, Li Y Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Leading RNA Interference Therapeutics Part 1: Silencing Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis, with a Focus on Patisiran
AbstractIn 2018, patisiran was the first-ever RNA interference (RNAi)-based drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Now pharmacology textbooks may include a new drug class that  results in the effect first described by Fire and Mello 2 decades ago: post-transcriptional gene silencing by a small-interfering RNA (siRNA). Patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (hATTR amyloidosis) present with mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene that lead to the formation of amyloid deposits in peripheral nerves and heart. The disease may also affect the eye and central nervous system. The formulatio...
Source: Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy - November 6, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

UV increases skin-derived 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production, leading to MMP-1 expression by altering the balance of vitamin D and cholesterol synthesis from 7-dehydrocholesterol
Publication date: Available online 27 August 2019Source: The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): Mi Hee Shin, Yuri Lee, Min-Kyoung Kim, Dong Hun Lee, Jin Ho ChungAbstractThe skin is a unique site in the human body that has the capacity to synthesize the active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3), from 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) upon UV irradiation. Keratinocytes express both 25-hydroxylase (CYP27A1 and CYP2R1) and 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), critical enzymes involved in active vitamin D synthesis. Here, we investigated the effect of skin-derived 1α,25(OH)2D3, synthesiz...
Source: The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - August 28, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Antifibrotic action of Yifei Sanjie formula enhanced autophagy via PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis
Publication date: October 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 118Author(s): Jing-Ze Yu, Yi Ying, Yang Liu, Chun-Bin Sun, Chen Dai, Shan Zhao, Shou-Zheng Tian, Jing Peng, Ni-Ping Han, Jia-Li Yuan, Jin-Yuan Yan, Zhong-Shan YangAbstractPulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a crippling disease characterized by progressive dyspnea and associated with a high mortality rate, but its origin is unknown and there is no effective treatment. Yifei Sanjie formula (YFSJF) is a Chinese medicine that is widely used for treatment of respiratory systems disease. However, the molecular basis for the function of YFSJF has not been determin...
Source: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy - August 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

HSC-specific knockdown of GGPPS alleviated CCl4-induced chronic liver fibrosis through mediating RhoA/Rock pathway.
Authors: Lai SS, Fu X, Cheng Q, Yu ZH, Jiang EZ, Zhao DD, Yu DC, Qiu YD, Gao X, Ju HX, Wang W, Jiang Q, Zhu MS, Li CJ, Xue B Abstract Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis and reversal of liver fibrosis. Targeting HSCs is of great significance in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis, and has attracted wide attention of scholars. Here we demonstrated that expression of geranylgeranyldiphosphate synthase (GGPPS) predominantly increased in HSCs in murine fibrotic liver. HSC-specific knockdown of GGPPS using vitamin A-coupled liposome carrying siRNA-ggpps decreased activation of HSCs and a...
Source: American Journal of Translational Research - May 22, 2019 Category: Research Tags: Am J Transl Res Source Type: research

LncRNA-SULT1C2A regulates Foxo4 in congenital scoliosis by targeting rno-miR-466c-5p through PI3K-ATK signalling.
In this study, we investigated the role and mechanisms of a specific lncRNA, SULT1C2A, in somitogenesis in a rat model of vitamin A deficiency (VAD)-induced CS. Bioinformatics analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated that SULT1C2A expression was down-regulated in VAD group, accompanied by increased expression of rno-miR-466c-5p but decreased expression of Foxo4 and somitogenesis-related genes such as Pax1, Nkx3-2 and Sox9 on gestational day (GD) 9. Luciferase reporter and small interfering RNA (siRNA) assays showed that SULT1C2A functioned as a competing endogenous RNA to inhibit rno-miR-466c-5p expressi...
Source: J Cell Mol Med - May 1, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chen C, Tan H, Bi J, Li L, Rong T, Lin Y, Sun P, Liang J, Jiao Y, Li Z, Sun L, Shen J Tags: J Cell Mol Med Source Type: research

Current Development of siRNA Bioconjugates: From Research to the Clinic
In this study, it was shown that the main factor determining the nature of the biodistribution of conjugates is their lipophilicity. Conjugates of siRNA with lower lipophilicity; i.e., derivatives of retinoic acid, lithocholic acid, and docosahexanoic acid with greater efficiency than cholesterol conjugates accumulated in the kidneys, bladder, and lungs of the mouse after subcutaneous injection (Biscans et al., 2018). This fact is consistent with previous data that showed that more lipophilic conjugates bind more efficiently to serum components, and thus are not excreted by the kidneys (Wolfrum et al., 2007; Osborn et al.,...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 25, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

053 Molecular mechanism of miR-145/Smad3 pathway mediated by active vitamin D in Lupus Nephritis
To elucidate the roles of 1,25(OH)2D3 and VDR in the pathogenesis of Lupus Nephritis (LN) by regulating miR-145 expression through TGF- β1-dependent Smad3 signaling pathway.From January 1, 2012 to January 1, 2017, 49 children (11 males and 38 females) with LN and 50 healthy controls were selected in this study. CD4+Tcells treated with different concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3(1×10-6mmol/L,1×10-7mmol/L,1×10-8mmol/L).VDR-siRNA inter ference vector and human VDR overexpression vector were constructed. CD4+T cells in logarithmic growth phase were divided into 6 groups: the normal control group, the normal negative control (N...
Source: Journal of Investigative Dermatology - April 19, 2019 Category: Dermatology Authors: Y. Ding, X. He Tags: Adaptive and Auto-Immunity Source Type: research

Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Interactions With Natural Killer Cells and Pro-angiogenic Activities: Roles in Tumor Progression
Conclusions MDSC are major players in the immunosuppressive scenario in cancer, thanks to their phenotype heterogeneity and critical interaction with several innate immune cells, thus representing a crucial target in oncology. Here we reviewed the interactions of MDSCs with NK cells. The contribution of key cytokines, chemokines and mediators active in this process have been discussed. We also described the contribution of MDSC on angiogenesis directly or indirectly through interactions with NK and immunosuppressive activities. A parallel of the cancer associated to the decidual counterpart of these cells is discussed, a...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Plant-Derived Alkaloids: The Promising Disease-Modifying Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Conclusion This paper summarizes the current findings regarding the anti-colitis activity of plant-derived alkaloids and shows how these alkaloids exhibit significant and beneficial effects in alleviating colonic inflammation. These natural alkaloids are not only promising agents for IBD treatment but are also components for developing new wonder drugs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms or toxicological evaluation of most plant-derived alkaloids still require much scientific research, and their actual efficacies for IBD patients have not been verified well in field research. Thus, further clinical trials to elu...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Effect of bacterial flagellin on thiamin uptake by human and mouse pancreatic acinar cells: Inhibition mediated at the level of transcription of THTR-1 and 2.
Abstract Thiamin (vitamin B1) is essential for normal cellular metabolism and function. Pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) obtain thiamin from circulation, via a specific carrier-mediated process that involves the plasma membrane thiamin transporters -1 and -2 (THTR-1 and THTR-2; products of SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 genes, respectively). There is nothing known about the effect of bacterial products/toxins on thiamin uptake by PACs. We addressed this issue in the current investigation by examining the effect of the bacterial flagellin on physiological and molecular parameters of the thiamin uptake by PACs. We used human pri...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - March 27, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Srinivasan P, Anandam KY, Ramesh V, Geltz ET, Said HM Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: research

Accumulation of hyaluronic acid in stromal cells modulates osteoclast formation by regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand expression.
In this study, we investigated the effect and underlying mechanisms of HA accumulation on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) induced by 1α,25(OH)2D3 and dexamethasone in stromal cells, which support osteoclastogenesis. Degradation of HA by hyaluronidase (HA'ase) treatment enhanced the expression of RANKL in ST2 cells stimulated with 1α,25(OH)2D3 and dexamethasone. Down-regulation of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) expression by siRNA also stimulated RANKL expression induced by 1α,25(OH)2D3 and dexamethasone. Results from a cell co-culture system with bone marrow cell showed that 1...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - March 22, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Nakao Y, Hikiji H, Okinaga T, Takeuchi J, Habu M, Yoshiga D, Yoshioka I, Nishihara T, Ariyoshi W Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Age-dependent expression of the Vitamin D receptor and the protective effect of Vitamin D receptor activation on H2O2-induced apoptosis in rat intervertebral disc cells
Publication date: Available online 21 March 2019Source: The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): Tong Tong, Zhihui Liu, Hua Zhang, Jinglei Sun, Dongxia Zhang, Feng Wang, Dechao Miao, Yong ShenAbstractAccumulating evidence shows that genetic polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), implying that VDR may be involved in the pathogenesis of IDD. However, the exact relationship between VDR and IDD remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the age-dependent expression of VDR in rat intervertebral discs and to determine ...
Source: The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - March 22, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Identification of transmembrane protein 237 as a novel interactor with the intestinal riboflavin transporter-3 (RFVT-3): role in functionality and cell biology.
Abstract The apically localized riboflavin (RF) transporter-3 (RFVT-3) is involved in intestinal absorption of vitamin B2. Previous studies have characterized different physiological/biological aspects of the RFVT-3, but there is a lack of knowledge regarding possible existence of interacting partner(s) and consequence of interaction (s) on its function/cell biology. To address the latter, we performed yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening of a human colonic cDNA library and have identified transmembrane protein 237 (TMEM237) as a putative interactor with the human (h)RFVT-3; the interaction was further confirmed via "...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - March 19, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Sabui S, Subramanian VS, Pham Q, Said HM Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Ocular Instillation of Vitamin A-Coupled Liposomes Containing HSP47 siRNA Ameliorates Dry Eye Syndrome in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is characterized by multiorgan fibrosis and affects the quality of life of transplant survivors. Ocular manifestations are found in 40-60% of GVHD patients, and the most common symptom is dry eye syndrome associated with lacrimal gland fibrosis. We previously demonstrated heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), a collagen specific molecular chaperone, plays a critical role in excessive collagen synthesis in chronic GVHD, and systemic administration of vitamin A-coupled liposomes carrying HSP47 siRNA (VA-lip HSP47) ameliorates skin and salivary gland fibrosis in chronic GVHD (Yamakawa, et al, Blood 2018).
Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation - January 31, 2019 Category: Hematology Authors: Hiroyuki Ohigashi, Daigo Hashimoto, Shuichiro Takahashi, Tomohiro Yamakawa, Eiko Hayase, Takanori Teshima Tags: 229 Source Type: research