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Nutrition: Vitamins

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Total 289 results found since Jan 2013.

REPORT: Ascorbate Enhances the Generation of 5-hmC DNA and Chromosomes
Ascorbate (vitamin C) is best known for its role in scurvy, in which the hydroxylation of collagen catalyzed by dioxygenases is incomplete due to ascorbate deficiency. Here, we report a novel function of ascorbate in the hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in DNA catalyzed by Tet (ten-eleven translocation) methylcytosine dioxygenase. The content of 5-hmC is extremely low in mouse embryonic fibroblasts cultured in ascorbate-free medium. Additions of ascorbate dose- and time-dependently enhance the generation of 5-hmC, without any effects on the expression of Tet genes. Treatment with ...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - May 10, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Minor, E. A., Court, B. L., Young, J. I., Wang, G. Tags: Reports Source Type: research

Glyoxalate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase interacts with the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-1 to regulate cellular vitamin C homeostasis.
Abstract The human sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (hSVCT1) contributes to cellular uptake of ascorbic acid (AA). While different aspects of hSVCT1 cell biology have been extensively studied, nothing is currently known about the broader hSVCT1 interactome that modulates its role in cellular physiology. Here, we identify the enzyme human glyoxalate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (hGR/HPR) as an hSVCT1 associated protein by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening of a human liver cDNA library. The interaction between hSVCT1 and hGR/HPR was further confirmed by in vitro GST-pull-down assay, in vivo co-immunopr...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - April 18, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Subramanian VS, Nabokina SM, Patton JR, Marchant JS, Moradi H, Said HM Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: research

CK2 Inhibitor Enhances Vitamin D-Mediated Antitumor Effects
Vitamin D has broad range of physiological functions and antitumor effects. 24-Hydroxylase, encoded by the CYP24A1 gene, is the key enzyme for degrading many forms of vitamin D including the most active form, 1,25D3. Inhibition of CYP24A1 enhances 1,25D3 antitumor activity. To isolate regulators of CYP24A1 expression in prostate cancer cells, we established a stable prostate cancer cell line PC3 with CYP24A1 promoter driving luciferase expression to screen a small molecular library for compounds that inhibit CYP24A1 promoter activity. From this screening, we identified, 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole (TBBz), a protein kin...
Source: Cancer Research - April 2, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Luo, W., Yu, W.-D., Ma, Y., Chernov, M., Trump, D. L., Johnson, C. S. Tags: Therapeutics, Targets, and Chemical Biology Source Type: research

Differential regulation of drug transporter expression by all-trans retinoic acid in hepatoma HepaRG cells and human hepatocytes.
Abstract All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is the active form of vitamin A, known to activate retinoid receptors, especially the heterodimer retinoid X receptor (RXR):retinoic acid receptor (RAR) that otherwise may play a role in regulation of some drug transporters. The present study was designed to characterize the nature of human hepatic transporters that may be targeted by atRA and the heterodimer RXR:RAR. Exposure of human hepatoma HepaRG cells and primary human hepatocytes to 5 μM atRA down-regulated mRNA levels of various sinusoidal solute carrier (SLC) influx transporters, including organic anion transportin...
Source: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences - January 22, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Le Vee M, Jouan E, Stieger B, Fardel O Tags: Eur J Pharm Sci Source Type: research