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Nutrition: Vitamins

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Total 289 results found since Jan 2013.

Klotho-Related Protein KLrP: Structure and Functions.
We describe here that KL-related protein (KLrP), which is composed of a single GH motif, is a cytosolic β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase, EC 3.2.1.145). We detected a neutral conduritol B epoxide (CBE)-insensitive glucosylceramide (GlcCer)-degrading activity in the cytosol fractions of human fibroblasts, rat brains, and zebrafish embryos. KL family proteins emerged as a potent candidate for the neutral GCase using a bioinformatics approach. Recombinant human KLrP, but not α-KL, β-KL, or KLPH, exhibited GCase activity with a neutral pH optimum in the presence of CBE. We solved the crystal structures of KLrP and a KLrP mutant ...
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - May 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Hayashi Y, Ito M Tags: Vitam Horm Source Type: research

310 Sphingosine-1-phosphate stimulates CAMP expression through a novel stress specific signaling complex formation
We recently discovered a novel sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-induced signaling mechanism of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) production in response to external perturbant-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Activation occurs by an S1P receptor (S1PR)–independent activation of NF-κB, followed by C/EBPα transactivation (rather than through the well-established vitamin D receptor-mediated mechanism). Yet, how S1P activates NF-κB remains unresolved. In addition to using both specific activators and inhibitors of each S1PR isomers, we have employed a gene silencing approach and showed that ER stress-induce...
Source: Journal of Investigative Dermatology - April 20, 2016 Category: Dermatology Authors: K. Park, H. Ikushiro, H. Seo, K. Shin, T. Yano, W.M. Holleran, P.M. Elias, Y. Uchida Tags: Epidermal Structure & Barrier Function Source Type: research

SVCT2, a potential therapeutic target, protects against oxidative stress during ethanol-induced neurotoxicity via JNK/p38 MAPKs, NF-κB and miRNA125a-5p.
Abstract Sodium vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2) plays a key role in transporting ascorbic acid (AA), an important intracellular antioxidant, into neurons. It is well known that ethanol (EtOH) abuse causes significant neurodegeneration, as well as endogenous AA release in certain encephalic regions. Here, we identified that SVCT2 forms part of a self-defense mechanism that protects against oxidative stress in binge drinking rats, and SVCT2 levels are correlated with antioxidants and neuronal injury. Four days of binge drinking led to massive neuron degeneration in prefrontal cortex (PFC), accompanied by increased l...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - April 12, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Tian H, Ye X, Hou X, Yang X, Yang J, Wu C Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate lipopolysaccharide ‐induced transforming growth factor‐β, angiotensinogen expression and podocytes apoptosis through the nuclear factor‐κB pathway
ConclusionsVitamin D and its receptor might be involved in the progression of diabetic nephropathy by regulating transforming growth factor‐β, angiotensinogen expression and apoptosis of podocytes. The processes are mediated through the signaling of nuclear factor‐κB pathway. Vitamin D and its receptor may be involved in the progression of diabetic nephropathy by regulating transforming growth factor‐β and angiotensinogen expression, and as well as the apoptosis of podocytes. The processes are mediated via the signaling of nuclear factor ‐κB pathway.
Source: Journal of Diabetes Investigation - March 31, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Lijuan Xu, Pengyuan Zhang, Hongyu Guan, Zhimin Huang, Xiaoying He, Xuesi Wan, Haipeng Xiao, Yanbing Li Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The differential effects of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Salmonella‐induced interleukin‐8 and human beta‐defensin‐2 in intestinal epithelial cells
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology - March 15, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Fu‐Chen Huang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The differential effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Salmonella-induced interleukin-8 and human beta-defensin-2 in intestinal epithelial cells.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 26990648 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - March 14, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Huang FC Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: research

The levels of HDAC1 and thioredoxin1 are related to the death of mesothelioma cells by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid.
In conclusion, SAHA selectively inhibited the growth of Phi and ROB mesothelioma cells, which showed the higher basal level of HDAC1. SAHA-induced Phi cell death was related to oxidative stress and Trx1 levels. PMID: 26936390 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: International Journal of Oncology - February 19, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: You BR, Park WH Tags: Int J Oncol Source Type: research

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate lipopolysaccharide‐induced transforming growth factor‐β, angiotensinogen expression and podocytes apoptosis via the nuclear factor‐κB pathway
ConclusionsVitamin D and its receptor may be involved in the progression of diabetic nephropathy by regulating transforming growth factor‐β, angiotensinogen expression and apoptosis of podocytes. The processes are mediated via the signaling of nuclear factor ‐κB pathway.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Diabetes Investigation - January 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Lijuan Xu, Pengyuan Zhang, Hongyu Guan, Zhimin Huang, Xiaoying He, Xuesi Wan, Haipeng Xiao, Yanbing Li Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Vitamin C Attenuates Hemorrhagic Hypotension Induced Epithelial–Dendritic Cell Transformation in Rat Intestines by Maintaining GSK-3β Activity and E-Cadherin Expression
Conclusions: HH induces EDT in rat intestine epithelial cells. VitC maintains GSK-3β activity, attenuates the suppression of E-cadherin caused by hypoxia, and ultimately decreases DC-SIGN expression.
Source: Shock - December 18, 2015 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Basic Science Aspects Source Type: research

Diet-derived 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 activates vitamin D receptor target gene expression and suppresses EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer growth in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: Verone-Boyle AR, Shoemaker S, Attwood K, Morrison CD, Makowski AJ, Battaglia S, Hershberger PA Abstract Epidemiologic studies implicate vitamin D status as a factor that influences growth of EGFR mutant lung cancers. However, laboratory based evidence of the biological effect of vitamin D in this disease is lacking. To fill this knowledge gap, we determined vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in human lung tumors using a tissue microarray constructed of lung cancer cases from never-smokers (where EGFR gene mutations are prevalent). Nuclear VDR was detected in 19/19 EGFR mutant tumors. Expression tended to ...
Source: Oncotarget - December 17, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncotarget Source Type: research

Puromycin aminonucleoside increases podocyte permeability by modulating ZO-1 in an oxidative stress-dependent manner.
Abstract Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephrosis is a widely studied animal model of human idiopathic nephrotic syndrome because PAN injection into rats results in increased glomerular permeability with the characteristic ultrastructural changes in podocytes similar to human nephrosis. To investigate the role of zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and oxidative stress on PAN-induced podocyte phenotypical changes and hyperpermeability in vitro, we cultured rat and mouse podocytes and treated with various concentrations of PAN. PAN treatment increased oxidative stress level of podocytes significantly with the inductio...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - December 9, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Ha TS, Park HY, Seong SB, Ahn HY Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Upregulation of NF‐κB activity mediates CYP24 expression and ROS production in indoxyl sulfate‐induced chronic kidney disease
ConclusionsThese results provide evidence that administration of IS in human renal tubular epithelial cells upregulates NF‐κB, which leads to increase CYP24 expression and ROS production. They also suggest that suppressing NF‐κB signaling is promising for the development into a strategy for CKD treatment.
Source: Nephrology - November 15, 2015 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Lihua Wang, Zhiying Gao, Lili Wang, Yongning Gao Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

DHA-induced stress response in human colon cancer cells-focus on oxidative stress and autophagy.
Abstract Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important constituents of the diet and health benefits of omega-3/n-3 PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) have been well documented in relation to several diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that n-3 PUFAs may have anticancer activity and improve the effect of conventional cancer therapy. The mechanisms behind these effects are still unclear and need to be elucidated. We have examined the DHA-induced stress response in two human colon cancer cell lines, SW620 and Caco-2. SW620 cells are growth-inhibited a...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - November 13, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Pettersen K, Monsen VT, Hakvåg Pettersen CH, Overland HB, Pettersen G, Samdal H, Tesfahun AN, Lundemo AG, Bjørkøy G, Schønberg S Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Overexpression of uncoupling protein-2 in cancer: metabolic and heat changes, inhibition and effects on drug resistance
Abstract This paper deals with the role of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) in cancer. UCP2 is overexpressed in cancer. This overexpression results in uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and a shift in production of ATP from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to cytosolic aerobic glycolysis. UCP2 overexpression results in the following changes. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ m) is decreased and lactate accumulates. There is a diminished production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis is inhibited post-exposure to chemotherapeutic agents. There is an increase in heat and ...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - November 5, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Vitamin D-induced ectodomain shedding of TNF receptor 1 as a nongenomic action: D3 vs D2 derivatives
In this study, we examined the potencies of other vitamin D3 and D2 analogs to stimulate the ectodomain shedding of TNFR1 in HASMCs. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3), a precursor of 1,25D3, and elocalcitol, an analog of 1,25D3, caused ectodomain shedding of TNFR1 within 30min, whereas 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (1,25D2) and paricalcitol, a derivative of 1,25D2, did not. Both 25D3 and elocalcitol rapidly induced extracellular Ca2+ influx and markedly increased intracellular Ca2+, while 1,25D2 and paricalcitol caused only small increases in intracellular Ca2+. 25D3- and elocalcitol-induced TNFR1 ectodomain sheddings were abolished ...
Source: The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - September 30, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research