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Nutrition: Vitamins

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Total 289 results found since Jan 2013.

Coenzyme Q10, Statin, and Spinocerebellar Ataxias (I11-1.008)
CONCLUSIONS:CoQ10 is associated with better clinical outcome in SCA1, 2, and 3 whereas statins are associated with worse clinical outcome in SCA6. These drug exposures did not appear to influence clinical progression within 2 years. CoQ10 and statins may have only symptomatic effects or require a longer period of time for disease modification.Study Supported by:American Brain Foundation Research Fellowship, Rare Disease Clinical Research Network RC1NS068897, and NINDS K08 NS083738.Disclosure: Dr. Kuo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Figueroa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pulst has received person...
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Kuo, S.-H., Lo, R., Figueroa, K., Pulst, S., Perlman, S., Wilmot, G., Gomez, C., Schmahmann, J., Paulson, H., Shakkottai, V., Ying, S., Zesiewicz, T., Bushara, K., Geschwind, M., Xia, G., Subramony, S., Ashizawa, T. Tags: Proteinopathy in Neurodegenerative Disease Poster Presentations Source Type: research

The dietary ingredient, genistein, stimulates cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide expression through a novel S1P-dependent mechanism
Abstract: We recently discovered that a signaling lipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), generated by sphingosine kinase 1, regulates a major epidermal antimicrobial peptide's [cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP)] expression via an NF-κB→C/EBPα-dependent pathway, independent of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in epithelial cells. Activation of estrogen receptors (ERs) by either estrogens or phytoestrogens also is known to stimulate S1P production, but it is unknown whether ER activation increases CAMP production. We investigated whether a phytoestrogen, genistein, simulates CAMP expression in keratinocytes, a model of ep...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - March 31, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kyungho Park, Young-Il Kim, Kyong-Oh Shin, Ho Seong Seo, Jong Youl Kim, Taj Mann, Yuko Oda, Yong-Moon Lee, Walter M. Holleran, Peter M. Elias, Yoshikazu Uchida Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Anti-melanogenic effects of δ-tocotrienol are associated with tyrosinase-related proteins and MAPK signaling pathway in B16 melanoma cells
This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism involved in the anti-melanogenic effects of δ-tocotrienol (δT3) in B16 melanoma cells. Results showed that at 20μM of δT3 significantly inhibited melanin formation and ROS generation. Treatment with δT3 also effectively suppressed the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins, including MC1R, MITF, TYRP-1, and TYRP-2. More importantly, we observed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was involved in mediating δT3's inhibitory effect against melanin production. Specifically, δT3 treatment markedly induced the activation of extracellular signal-regulat...
Source: Phytomedicine - March 27, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lean-Teik Ng, Liang-Tzung Lin, Chiu-Lan Chen, Hsiu-Wen Chen, Shu-Jing Wu, Chun-Ching Lin Tags: Oncology and Hematology Source Type: research

Mitochondrial ascorbic acid transport is mediated by a low-affinity form of the sodium-coupled ascorbic acid transporter-2 (SVCT2).
We report here that human HEK-293 cells express a mitochondrial low-affinity ascorbic acid transporter that molecularly corresponds to SVCT2, a member of the sodium-coupled ascorbic acid transporter family 2. The transporter SVCT1 is absent from the HEK-293 cells. Confocal colocalization experiments with anti-SVCT2 and anti-organelle protein markers revealed that most of the SVCT2 immunoreactivity was associated with mitochondria, with minor colocalization at the endoplasmic reticulum and very low immunoreactivity at the plasma membrane. Immunoblotting of proteins extracted from highly purified mitochondrial fractions conf...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - March 1, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Muñoz-Montesino C, Roa FJ, Peña E, González M, Sotomayor K, Inostrosa E, Muñoz C, González I, Maldonado M, Soliz C, Reyes AM, Carlos Vera J, Rivas CI Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

ERK5 Pathway Regulates Transcription Factors Important for Monocytic Differentiation of Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells
This study was performed using established cell lines HL60 and U937, and primary cultures of blasts from 10 patients with ML. We found that ERK5 and its direct downstream target transcription factor MEF2C are upregulated by 1,25D in parallel with monocytic differentiation. Further, inhibition of ERK5 activity by specific pharmacological agents BIX02189 and XMD8‐92 alters the phenotype of these cells by reducing the abundance of the VDD‐induced surface monocytic marker CD14, and concomitantly increasing surface expression of the general myeloid marker CD11b. Similar results were obtained when the expression of ERK5 was ...
Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology - November 22, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Xuening Wang, Stella Pesakhov, Jonathan S Harrison, Michael Danilenko, George P Studzinski Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research

Functional Involvement of RFVT3/SLC52A3 in Intestinal Riboflavin Absorption.
In this study, we investigated the functional involvement of RFVT3 in riboflavin absorption using intestinal epithelial T84 cells and mouse small intestine. T84 cells expressed RFVT3 and conserved unidirectional riboflavin transport corresponding to intestinal absorption. Apical [(3)H]riboflavin uptake was pH-dependent in T84 cells. This uptake was not affected by Na(+) depletion at apical pH 6.0, although it was significantly decreased at apical pH 7.4. The [(3)H]riboflavin uptake from the apical side of T84 cells was prominently inhibited by the RFVT3 selective inhibitor, methylene blue, and significantly decreased by tr...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - November 21, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Yoshimatsu H, Yonezawa A, Yao Y, Sugano K, Nakagawa S, Omura T, Matsubara K Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: research

A review of ligand tethered surface engineered carbon nanotubes.
Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as fascinating materials, exhibiting promising potential in receptor based targeting owing to their unique physicochemical properties (cell membrane penetration, high surface area and drug payload, biocompatibility, easy surface modification, photoluminescence property, and non-immunogenicity etc). The hydrophilicity, a major constrain associated with the first generation of CNTs i.e. pristine CNTs, could be overcome using functionalization techniques. In the last two decades variety of functionalized CNTs (f-CNTs) i.e. oxidized, amidated, acylated, surfactant and biop...
Source: Biomaterials - November 6, 2013 Category: Materials Science Authors: Mehra NK, Mishra V, Jain NK Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: research

Helicobacter pylori Induces Increased Expression of the Vitamin D Receptor in Immune Responses
ConclusionsThe expression of VDR and CAMP in the gastric epithelium is up‐regulated in the case of H. pylori infection; thus, VDR plays an important role in gastric mucosa homeostasis and host protection from H. pylori infection.
Source: Helicobacter - November 5, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Lihua Guo, Wenguo Chen, Huatuo Zhu, Yu Chen, Xingyong Wan, Ningmin Yang, Shuhua Xu, Chaohui Yu, Lihua Chen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Abstract 191: Transcriptional Regulation of Renin by Nuclear Receptors Co-regulated With Renin Poster Session I
Expression of the renin gene is required to maintain normal morphological and physiological identity of renal juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, yet the mechanisms regulating renin gene transcription remain elusive. We re-examined data from Brunskill et. al (JASN 22:2213, 2011), investigating genome-wide gene expression in JG and other renal cell types. Based on our previous data implicating nuclear receptors (RAR, RXR, VDR, PPARG, Nr2f2 and Nr2f6) in the regulation of mouse and human renin gene expression, we focused our analysis on the expression of genes encoding the 48 nuclear hormone receptors and their co-regulation with re...
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lu, K.-T., Weatherford, E. T., Ketsawatsomkron, P., Grobe, J. L., Sigmund, C. D. Tags: Poster Session I Source Type: research

Vitamin D Analog EB1089 Induces Apoptosis in a Subpopulation of SGC-7901 Gastric Cancer Cells Through a Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptotic Pathway.
Abstract Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Cancer stem-like side population (SP) cells may be important factors that hinder efficacy of chemopreventative and chemotherapeutic approaches in gastric cancer. EB1089 is an antitumor agent that has been used in many cancers; however, no reports to date have determined the effects of EB1089 in gastric cancer. In our study, SP and main population (MP) cells were isolated from 4 gastric cancer cell lines in different stages of differentiation by flow cytometry (FCM) and confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR...
Source: Nutrition and Cancer - October 7, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wang W, Zhao CH, Zhang N, Wang J Tags: Nutr Cancer Source Type: research

All-transRetinoic Acid Regulates Th1/Th2 Balance in CD4+ T cells When GATA-3 is Deficient.
Abstract The essential effect of vitamin A on immune function occurs through various mechanisms including direct effect on Th1-Th2 balance modulation. However, it is unclear whether or not vitamin A can regulate Th1-Th2 balance under a strong Th1-polarizing condition. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to examine the effect of vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on Th1-Th2 differentiation in CD4+ T cells under GATA-3 deficiency, which can induce Th1-polarizing condition. In the present study, GATA-3 deficiency T cells were induced by siRNA and checked by real-time quantitative PCR and western ...
Source: Biomedical and Environmental Sciences : BES - September 1, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Zhu YF, Hu JZ, Zhao PN, Liu LX, Li Y Tags: Biomed Environ Sci Source Type: research

Vitamin D receptor gene silencing effects on differentiation of myogenic cell lines
Conclusions:. Our results suggest that myoblasts require signals transmitted through VDR for differentiation into myocytes and emphasize the importance of VDR expression in skeletal muscles for maintaining muscle volume in the elderly. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: Muscle and Nerve - July 19, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Masahiko Tanaka, Koshi N. Kishimoto, Hiroshi Okuno, Hideo Saito, Eiji Itoi Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

γ-Tocotrienol induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via activating the Bax-mediated mitochondrial and AMPK signaling pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
This study aimed to examine the anti-proliferative effects of α-, γ- and δ-tocotrienols (αT3, γT3 and δT3), and α-tocopherol on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Results showed that compared with other vitamin E analogues, γT3 demonstrated the most potent anti-proliferative effect on 3T3-L1 cells. It significantly caused a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and an increase in ROS formation, as well as inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S phase. Further studies showed that it down-regulated Bcl-2 and PPAR-γ expression, suppressed Akt and ERK activation and phosphorylation, and caused cytochrome c ...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - June 28, 2013 Category: Food Science Authors: Wu SJ, Huang GY, Ng LT Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: research

Effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on cathelicidin production and antibacterial function of human oral keratinocytes.
In this study, we investigated the regulation of antibacterial functions of oral keratinocyte cells by 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25VD3). OKF6/TERT2 cells, an immortalized human oral keratinocyte cell line, were transfected with or without 24-hydroxylase small interfering RNA (siRNA) and incubated with different amounts of 25VD3. These epithelial cells expressed high levels of inactivating 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) and relatively low levels of activating 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) in the presence of 25VD3. 25VD3 influenced the expression of vitamin D-driven genes and cathelicidin in a dose-related manner. SiRNA specific to 24-hyd...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 19, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wang Q, Zhang W, Li H, Aprecio R, Wu W, Lin Y, Li Y Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: research

Glyoxalate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase interacts with the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-1 to regulate cellular vitamin C homeostasis
The human sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (hSVCT1) contributes to cellular uptake of ascorbic acid (AA). Although different aspects of hSVCT1 cell biology have been extensively studied, nothing is currently known about the broader hSVCT1 interactome that modulates its role in cellular physiology. Here, we identify the enzyme human glyoxalate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (hGR/HPR) as an hSVCT1 associated protein by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening of a human liver cDNA library. The interaction between hSVCT1 and hGR/HPR was further confirmed by in vitro GST pull-down assay, in vivo coimmunoprecipitation and ...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - June 15, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Subramanian, V. S., Nabokina, S. M., Patton, J. R., Marchant, J. S., Moradi, H., Said, H. M. Tags: LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT Source Type: research