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Nutrition: Vitamins

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Total 289 results found since Jan 2013.

AMPK activation by retinoic acid sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to apoptosis induced by sorafenib
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Cancer Science - February 12, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Naoki Ishijima, Keita Kanki, Hiroki Shimizu, Goshi Shiota Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Vitamin D receptor regulates TGF-{beta} signalling in systemic sclerosis
Conclusions We characterise VDR as a negative regulator of TGF-β/Smad signalling. Impaired VDR signalling with reduced expression of VDR and decreased levels of its ligand may thus contribute to hyperactive TGF-β signalling and aberrant fibroblast activation in SSc.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 5, 2015 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Zerr, P., Vollath, S., Palumbo-Zerr, K., Tomcik, M., Huang, J., Distler, A., Beyer, C., Dees, C., Gela, K., Distler, O., Schett, G., Distler, J. H. W. Tags: Connective tissue disease Basic and translational research Source Type: research

The active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, induces a complex dual upregulation of endothelin and nitric oxide in cultured endothelial cells
Despite the presence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in endothelial cells, the effect of vitamin D on endothelial function is unknown. An unbalanced production of vasoactive endothelial factors such as nitric oxide (NO) or endothelin-1 (ET-1) results in endothelial dysfunction, which can alter the normal cardiovascular function. Present experiments were devoted to assess the effect of active vitamin D (calcitriol) on the synthesis of endothelial vasoactive factors. The results were that, in cells, calcitriol increased ET-1 and NO productions, which were measured by ELISA and fluorimetric assay, respectively. Calcitriol also in...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - December 15, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Martinez-Miguel, P., Valdivielso, J. M., Medrano-Andres, D., Roman-Garcia, P., Cano-Penalver, J. L., Rodriguez-Puyol, M., Rodriguez-Puyol, D., Lopez-Ongil, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Phenylbutyrate induces cathelicidin expression via the vitamin D receptor: Linkage to inflammatory and growth factor cytokines pathways
In this study we demonstrate vitamin D receptor (VDR) as a key transcription factor required for PBA mediated up-regulation of the CAMP gene expression. PBA also increases mRNA expression of the vitamin D3 regulated genes CYP24A1 and CD14. The siRNA knockdown of VDR reduced PBA mediated increase in CAMP, CYP24A1 and CD14 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PBA enhances Toll-Like Receptor 5 ligand flagellin regulated mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNFα and chemokine CXCL8. PBA also up-regulates the expression of the genes encoding the growth factor cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF) α, TGFβ...
Source: Molecular Immunology - November 18, 2014 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Competitive regulation of human intestinal β-carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) gene expression by hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1α and HNF-4α
Publication date: Available online 30 October 2014 Source:Life Sciences Author(s): Noriaki Yamaguchi , Akiko Sunto , Toshinao Goda , Kazuhito Suruga Aim Among the pro-vitamin A carotenoids, β-carotene is an excellent source of vitamin A. β-Carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) is a critical enzyme involved in the conversion of β-carotene into vitamin A (retinal) in the small intestine of many vertebrates. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of human BCMO1 gene expression using human intestinal Caco-2 BBe cells. Main methods We performed electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunopr...
Source: Life Sciences - November 5, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Competitive regulation of human intestinal β-Carotene 15,15’-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) gene expression by hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1α and HNF-4α
Publication date: Available online 30 October 2014 Source:Life Sciences Author(s): Noriaki Yamaguchi , Akiko Sunto , Toshinao Goda , Kazuhito Suruga Aim Among the pro-vitamin A carotenoids, β-carotene is an excellent source of vitamin A. β-Carotene 15,15’-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) is a critical enzyme involved in the conversion of β-carotene into vitamin A (retinal) in the small intestine of many vertebrates. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of human BCMO1 gene expression using human intestinal Caco-2 BBe cells. Main methods We performed electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunopr...
Source: Life Sciences - November 4, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: research

The active form of vitamin d, calcitriol, induces a complex dual up-regulation of endothelin and nitric oxide in cultured endothelial cells.
Conclusions: Calcitriol increases the synthesis of both ET-1 and NO in endothelial cells. However, the ET-1 up-regulation seems to be biologically more relevant, as animals acutely treated with calcitriol show slight increases of blood pressure. PMID: 25336523 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 21, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Martínez-Miguel P, Valdivielso JM, Medrano-Andrés D, Román-García P, Cano-Peñalver JL, Rodríguez-Puyol M, Rodríguez-Puyol D, Lopez-Ongil S Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Abstract 1248: The Gemini vitamin D analogue BXL0124 inhibits Notch signaling via HES1, resulting in the reduction of CD44+/CD24-/low subpopulation and proliferation of MCF10DCIS cells
Activation of Notch signaling is correlated with poor prognosis and decreased survival of breast cancer patients. Recent studies reported that Notch signaling plays an important role for the maintenance of tumor-initiating cells in breast cancer. Using MCF10DCIS.com human breast cancer cells (MCF10DCIS), which contain tumor-initiating subpopulation (CD44+/CD24-/low), we demonstrated that the Gemini vitamin D analog, BXL0124, reduced the tumor-initiating subpopulation in vitro and repressed the growth of MCF10DCIS xenograft tumors in vivo. In the present study, we investigated Notch signaling in CD44+/CD24-/low and CD44+/CD...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: So, J. Y., Salerno, D. M., Maehr, H., Uskokovic, M., Suh, N. Tags: Prevention Research Source Type: research

Abstract 4751: 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 induces vitamin D signaling independent of CYP27B1 in non-small cell lung cancer cells
Conclusions NSCLC cells expressing high levels of VDR display increased responsiveness to vitamin D metabolites. Although NSCLC cells express CYP27B1, our results demonstrate that the enzyme may not be required to achieve vitamin D signaling. Rather, 25(OH)D3 may act via the VDR to elicit an anti-tumor responses. The implication of these findings is that dietary supplementation to increase circulating 25(OH)D3 may be beneficial in a subset of NSCLC patients. Funding provided by NIH RO1 CA132844, training grant 5T32CA009072-37 and P30CA47904 Citation Format: Alissa R. Verone, Suzanne Shoemaker, Robert Parise, Jan H. Beumer,...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Verone, A. R., Shoemaker, S., Parise, R., Beumer, J. H., Hershberger, P. A. Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Active vitamin D possesses beneficial effects on the interaction between muscle and bone.
In conclusion, these findings showed for the first time that active vitamin D plays important roles in myogenesis and muscle-induced osteoblastogenesis through OGN expression. Active vitamin D treatment may rescue the AGEs-induced sarcopenia as well as -suppressed osteoblastic differentiation via OGN expression in myoblasts. PMID: 24924628 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - June 9, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Tanaka KI, Kanazawa I, Yamaguchi T, Yano S, Kaji H, Sugimoto T Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Molecular Mechanisms of Cadmium-Induced Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Upregulation in Osteoblast-Like Cells
Itai-itai disease is thought to be the result of chronic cadmium (Cd) intoxication. Renal proximal tubules are a major target of Cd toxicity. The whole mechanism of the adverse effects of Cd remains unresolved, especially how renal damage is related to the development of bone lesions. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone-derived phosphaturic factor that regulates vitamin D and inorganic phosphate metabolism in the kidney. To clarify the role of FGF23 on Cd toxicity, we investigated the mechanisms of Cd-induced FGF23 production in the bone. Cd injection into mice significantly increased plasma FGF23 concentrations,...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - May 9, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kido, S., Fujihara, M., Nomura, K., Sasaki, S., Mukai, R., Ohnishi, R., Kaneko, I., Segawa, H., Tatsumi, S., Izumi, H., Kohno, K., Miyamoto, K.-i. Tags: Metals Endocrine Toxicology Source Type: research

Cystathionine-{gamma}-lyase Activity in Type 1 Diabetes Molecular Bases of Disease
This study investigated the activities of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE, the enzyme that catalyzes H2S formation) in livers of type 1 diabetic (T1D) animals and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from T1D patients. T1D is associated with both hyperketonemia (acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate) and hyperglycemia. This study also examined the role of hyperglycemia and hyperketonemia per se in decreased CSE activity using U937 monocytes and PBMC isolated from healthy subjects. Livers from streptozotocin-treated T1D rats demonstrated a significantly higher reactive oxygen species production, lower CSE protein...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - April 25, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Manna, P., Gungor, N., McVie, R., Jain, S. K. Tags: Metabolism Source Type: research

PMC, a potent hydrophilic α‐tocopherol derivative, inhibits NF‐κB activation via PP2A but not IκBα‐dependent signals in vascular smooth muscle cells
In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of PMC in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exposed to pro‐inflammatory stimuli, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) combined with interferon (IFN)‐γ. Treatment of LPS/IFN‐γ‐stimulated VSMCs with PMC suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in a concentration‐dependent manner. A reduction in LPS/IFN‐γ‐induced nuclear factor (NF)‐κB activation was also observed in PMC‐treated VSMCs. The translocation and phosphorylation of p65, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inactivation and the fo...
Source: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine - April 13, 2014 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Cheng‐Ying Hsieh, George Hsiao, Ming‐Jen Hsu, Yi‐Hsuan Wang, Joen‐Rong Sheu Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

PMC, a potent hydrophilic α-tocopherol derivative, inhibits NF-κB activation via PP2A but not IκBα-dependent signals in vascular smooth muscle cells.
In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of PMC in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exposed to pro-inflammatory stimuli, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) combined with interferon (IFN)-γ. Treatment of LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated VSMCs with PMC suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in a concentration-dependent manner. A reduction in LPS/IFN-γ-induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation was also observed in PMC-treated VSMCs. The translocation and phosphorylation of p65, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inactivation and the formation of reactive ...
Source: J Cell Mol Med - April 13, 2014 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hsieh CY, Hsiao G, Hsu MJ, Wang YH, Sheu JR Tags: J Cell Mol Med Source Type: research

Coenzyme Q10, Statin, and Spinocerebellar Ataxias (P6.047)
CONCLUSIONS:CoQ10 is associated with better clinical outcome in SCA1, 2, and 3 whereas statins are associated with worse clinical outcome in SCA6. These drug exposures did not appear to influence clinical progression within 2 years. CoQ10 and statins may have only symptomatic effects or require a longer period of time for disease modification.Study Supported by:American Brain Foundation Research Fellowship, Rare Disease Clinical Research Network RC1NS068897, and NINDS K08 NS083738.Disclosure: Dr. Kuo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Figueroa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pulst has received person...
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Kuo, S.-H., Lo, R., Figueroa, K., Pulst, S., Perlman, S., Wilmot, G., Gomez, C., Schmahmann, J., Paulson, H., Shakkottai, V., Ying, S., Zesiewicz, T., Bushara, K., Geschwind, M., Xia, G., Subramony, S., Ashizawa, T. Tags: Movement Disorders: Spinocerebellar Ataxias Source Type: research