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Drug: Acetylcysteine

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Total 193 results found since Jan 2013.

JMJD1A Represses the Development of Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Regulating the Expression of Catalase.
Abstract The histone demethylase JMJD family is involved in various physiological and pathological functions. However, the roles of JMJD1A in the cardiovascular system remain unknown. Here, we studied the function of JMJD1A in cardiac hypertrophy. The mRNA and protein levels of JMJD1A were significantly downregulated in the hearts of human patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the hearts of C57BL/6 mice underwent cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery or isoproterenol (ISO) infusion. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), siRNA-mediated JMJD1A knockdown facilitated ISO...
Source: Biomed Res - May 30, 2020 Category: Research Authors: Zang R, Tan Q, Zeng F, Wang D, Yu S, Wang Q Tags: Biomed Res Int Source Type: research

2-Pyrazine-PPD, a novel dammarane derivative, showed anticancer activity by reactive oxygen species-mediate apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in gastric cancer cells.
Abstract 20 (R)-Dammarane-3β, 12β, 20, 25-tetrol (25-OH-PPD), a ginsenoside, was derived from Panax ginseng (C. A. Meyer) and inhibited growth of several cancer cell lines. To improve the anti-cancer activity, we introduced the pyrazine ring to 25-OH-PPD and obtained the compound 20(R)-[2,3-β]-Pyrazine-dammarane-12β,20,25-triol (2-Pyrazine-PPD). we evaluated the anti-cancer activity of 2-Pyrazine-PPD and investigated the main anti-cancer mechanisms of 2-Pyrazine-PPD in gastric cancer cells. We found that 2-Pyrazine-PPD remarkably suppressed the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in a concentration-dependent...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - May 24, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: De Wang X, Li T, Li Y, Yuan WH, Zhao YQ Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

Diabetes aggravates myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury via activating Nox2-related programmed cell death in an AMPK-dependent manner.
This study was designed to expose the crosstalk between oxidative stress and AMPK, a vital molecule that controls biological energy metabolism, in myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury (I/RI) in diabetic rats. Diabetes was stimulated in rats using streptozotocin injection. Rats were separated on random into control, control + I/R, Diabetes, Diabetes + I/R, Diabetes + I/R + N-acetylcysteine and Diabetes + I/R + Vas2870 groups. Myocardial infarct size was determined, and the predominant Nox family isoforms were analysed. In vitro, the H9C2 cells were administered excess glucose and exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenat...
Source: J Cell Mol Med - April 28, 2020 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Wang C, Zhu L, Yuan W, Sun L, Xia Z, Zhang Z, Yao W Tags: J Cell Mol Med Source Type: research

Arctigenin induces necroptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction with CCN1 upregulation in prostate cancer cells under lactic acidosis.
Abstract Arctigenin, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, has been identified as a potential anti-tumor agent, but the involved mechanism still remains elusive. Herein, we studied the underlying mechanism(s) of action of arctigenin on acidity-tolerant prostate cancer PC-3AcT cells in the lactic acid-containing medium. At concentration showing no toxicity on normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1 and HPrEC cells, arctigenin alone or in combination with docetaxel induced significant cytotoxicity in PC-3AcT cells compared to parental PC-3 cells. With arctigenin treatment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, annexin V-PE...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - February 16, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lee YJ, Nam HS, Cho MK, Lee SH Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

Selenium ameliorates cadmium-induced mouse leydig TM3 cell apoptosis via inhibiting the ROS/JNK /c-jun signaling pathway.
In this study, we hypothesized that the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is involved in anti-apoptosis of selenium against cadmium in TM3 cells. We found that exposure to cadmium caused evident cytotoxicity, in which cell viability was inhibited, followed by inducement of apoptosis. Moreover, the level of ROS generation was elevated, leading to the phosphorylation of JNK. In addition, following cadmium exposure, the nuclear transcription factor c-jun was significantly activated, which led to increased expression of downstream gene c-jun, resulting in downstream activati...
Source: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety - February 10, 2020 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Ren X, Wang S, Zhang C, Hu X, Zhou L, Li Y, Xu L Tags: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf Source Type: research

Dopamine 1 receptor activation protects mouse diabetic podocytes injury via regulating the PKA/NOX-5/p38  MAPK axis.
In conclusion, D1R activation can protect diabetic podocytes from apoptosis and oxidative damage, in part through the PKA/NOX-5/p38 MAPK pathway. PMID: 31954110 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Cell Research - January 14, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Shao X, Zhang X, Hu J, Gao T, Chen J, Xu C, Wei C Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Autophagy drives fibroblast senescence through MTORC2 regulation.
Abstract Sustained macroautophagy/autophagy favors the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Cellular senescence, another means of responding to long-term cellular stress, has also been linked to myofibroblast differentiation and fibrosis. Here, we evaluate the relationship between senescence and myofibroblast differentiation in the context of sustained autophagy. We analyzed markers of cell cycle arrest/senescence in fibroblasts in vitro, where autophagy was triggered by serum starvation (SS). Autophagic fibroblasts expressed the senescence biomarkers CDKN1A/p21 and CDKN2A/p16 and exhibited increase...
Source: Autophagy - January 12, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Bernard M, Yang B, Migneault F, Turgeon J, Dieudé M, Olivier MA, Cardin GB, El-Diwany M, Underwood K, Rodier F, Hébert MJ Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Cigarette smoke extract inhibits cell migration and contraction via the reactive oxygen species/adenosine monophosphate –activated protein kinase pathway in nasal fibroblasts
ConclusionCSE has an inhibitory effect on cell migration and collagen gel contraction activity via the ROS/AMPK signaling pathway in nasal fibroblasts.
Source: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology - November 5, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jae ‐Min Shin, Joo‐Hoo Park, Hyun‐Woo Yang, Heung‐Man Lee, Il‐Ho Park Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

High Glucose Provokes Microvesicles Generation from Glomerular Podocytes via NOX4/ROS Pathway.
Abstract Microvesicles (MVs) were involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Oxidative stress played a key role in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Our aim of this study was to investigate whether high glucose could provoke microvesicles generation from podocytes and its potential mechanism. Mouse podocyte clone 5 (MPC-5) were stimulated by high glucose. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) of podocytes were measured by fluorescence microscopy with the probe of CM-H2DCFDA and MitoSOXTM. Antioxidants N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and ...
Source: Bioscience Reports - October 29, 2019 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Li M, Zhang T, Wu X, Chen Y, Sun L Tags: Biosci Rep Source Type: research

Nickel-refining fumes induce NLRP3 activation dependent on mitochondrial damage and ROS production in Beas-2B cells.
Abstract Nickel (Ni) is a silver-white transition metal that is widely used in the production field due to its unique physical and chemical properties. As a toxicant, long-term exposure to Ni can cause rhinitis, pneumonia and other respiratory inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of particles extracted from Ni-refining fumes on cell viability, inflammation-related proteins and mitochondrial damage in human lung epithelial Beas-2B cells. The cells were exposed to Ni-refining fume particles for 24 h at concentrations of 0, 6.25, 12.50 and 25.00 μg/mL. The expression levels of the NAC...
Source: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics - October 9, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Xin R, Pan YL, Wang Y, Wang SY, Wang R, Xia B, Qin RN, Fu Y, Wu YH Tags: Arch Biochem Biophys Source Type: research

S-Nitrosylation of CHIP Enhances F508Del CFTR Maturation.
Abstract S-Nitrosothiols (SNOs) are endogenous signaling compounds with a diverse spectrum of beneficial airway effects that are both cGMP-dependent and -independent. SNOs are present in healthy human airways, but levels are low in the airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Here, we evaluated the interactions of SNOs with molecular co-chaperone C-terminus Hsc70 interacting protein (CHIP)- an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets improperly folded CFTR for degradation. CHIP was expressed in primary human bronchial epithelial and CFBE41o - cells expressing either wild type or F508del CFTR. Confocal microscopy and immu...
Source: Am J Respir Cell Mol... - October 8, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Zaman K, Knight J, Hussain F, Cao R, Estabrooks SK, Altawallbeh G, Holloway K, Jafri A, Sawczak V, Li Y, Getsy P, Sun F, Raffay T, Cotton C, Brodsky JL, Periasamy A, Lewis SJ, Gaston B Tags: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Source Type: research

Downregulation of MUTYH contributes to cisplatin ‑resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by promoting Twist‑mediated EMT.
In conclusion, the present data demonstrated that EMT activation mediated by MUTYH downregulation, by both enhancing Twist transcription and blocking its degradation, is one of the mechanisms for acquisition of CDDP resistance in ESCC. PMID: 31578574 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Oncology Reports - October 4, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncol Rep Source Type: research

Klotho improves diabetic cardiomyopathy by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Publication date: Available online 15 August 2019Source: Life SciencesAuthor(s): Xuelian Li, Zhiyang Li, Bingong Li, Xianjie Zhu, Xingjun LaiAbstractAimsNLRP3 inflammasome activation is essential for the development and prognosis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The anti-aging protein Klotho is suggested to modulate tissue inflammatory responses. The aim of the present study was to examine the protective effects of Klotho on DCM.Main methodsA streptozotocin-induced diabetes mouse model was established to assess the effects of Klotho in vivo, which was administered for 12 weeks. The characteristics of type 1 DCM were eva...
Source: Life Sciences - August 18, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Ghrelin ameliorates A549 cell apoptosis caused by paraquat via p38-MAPK regulated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
This study investigated whether ghrelin could inhibit paraquat-induced lung injuries and attempted to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms. A549 cells were preincubated with different concentrations of ghrelin and then treated with 200 μM of PQ for 24 h. Then cell survival, apoptosis, cellular oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of A549 cells were detected after different treatments. Subsequently, we analyzed the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and measured caspase-3 activation in A549 cells. In addition, we investigated the activation of the MAPKs pathway and the function of p38-MAPK within mitoch...
Source: Toxicology - August 1, 2019 Category: Toxicology Authors: Cui S, Nian Q, Chen G, Wang X, Zhang J, Qiu J, Zhang Z Tags: Toxicology Source Type: research

The Opposite Effects of ROCK and Src Kinase Inhibitors on Susceptibility of Eukaryotic Cells to Invasion by Bacteria Serratia grimesii
AbstractBacterial internalization into eukaryotic cells is ensured by a sophisticated interplay of bacterial and host cell factors. Being a part of cell environment, opportunistic intracellular bacteria have developed various mechanisms providing their interaction with cell surface receptors (E-cadherin, integrins, epidermal growth factor receptor), activation of components of eukaryotic signaling pathways, and facilitation of bacterial uptake, survival, and intracellular replication. Our previous studies on the mechanisms underlying penetration of the opportunistic bacteriaSerratia grimesii into cultured eukaryotic cells ...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - May 31, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research