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Drug: Acetylcysteine

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Total 193 results found since Jan 2013.

Auranofin, an Anti-rheumatic Gold Drug, Aggravates the Radiation-Induced Acute Intestinal Injury in Mice
Conclusion In this study, we found that a non-toxic dose of auranofin significantly aggravated the severity of the radiation-induced intestinal injury. This suggests that auranofin treatment can be an independent factor that influences the risk of intestinal complications after pelvic or abdominal radiotherapy. Ethics Statement All the protocols used in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Korean Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (IACUC permit number: KIRAMS217-0007). Author Contributions H-JL, JS, and Y-BL designed the experiments. EL and JK conducted the exp...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Sanguinarine Induces Apoptosis Pathway in Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines via Inhibition of the JaK2/STAT3 Signaling
In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of SNG in a panel of MM cell lines (U266, IM9, MM1S, and RPMI-8226). SNG treatment of MM cells resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability through mitochondrial membrane potential loss and activation of caspase 3, 9, and cleavage of PARP. Pre-treatment of MM cells with a universal caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, prevented SNG mediated loss of cell viability, apoptosis, and caspase activation, confirming that SNG-mediated apoptosis is caspase-dependent. The SNG-mediated apoptosis appears to be resulted from suppres...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 16, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Autophagy suppresses radiation damage by activating PARP-1 and attenuating reactive oxygen species in hepatoma cells.
CONCLUSION: Autophagy upregulates the expression of PARP-1 and relieves radiation damage by reducing the generation of ROS. PMID: 30964366 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: International Journal of Radiation Biology - April 10, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Int J Radiat Biol Source Type: research

Hydrogen sulfide exposure triggers chicken trachea inflammatory injury through oxidative stress-mediated FOS/IL8 signaling
Publication date: 15 April 2019Source: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 368Author(s): Menghao Chen, Xiaojing Li, Qunxiang Shi, Ziwei Zhang, Shiwen XuAbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is well known to cause irritation and damage to airway following inhalation, but the mechanism by which H2S contributes to airway toxicity is unclear. In order to assess the respiratory toxicity of H2S inhalation in chicken trachea, we investigated the change of oxidative stress parameters, tracheal tissue structure and transcriptome profiles of chicken trachea exposed to H2S for 42 days. The results showed H2S exposure induced oxidative st...
Source: Journal of Hazardous Materials - January 24, 2019 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research

Chalcone flavokawain A attenuates TGF- β1-induced fibrotic pathology via inhibition of ROS/Smad3 signaling pathways and induction of Nrf2/ARE-mediated antioxidant genes in vascular smooth muscle cells.
In this study, flavokawain A (FKA, 2-30 μM), a naturally occurring chalcone in kava extracts, was evaluated for its anti-fibrotic and antioxidant properties in TGF-β1-stimulated vascular smooth muscle (A7r5) cells, as well as its underlying molecular mechanism of action. Immunofluorescence data showed down-regulated F-actin expression with FKA treatment in TGF-β1-stimulated A7r5 cells. Western blotting demonstrated that FKA treatment suppressed the expression of α-SMA and fibronectin proteins under TGF-β1 stimulation. Findings from wound-healing and invasion experiments showed that FKA inhibits TGF-β1-mediated migra...
Source: J Cell Mol Med - December 13, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hseu YC, Yang TY, Li ML, Rajendran P, Mathew DC, Tsai CH, Lin RW, Lee CC, Yang HL Tags: J Cell Mol Med Source Type: research

Sufficiency of hypoxia-inducible 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenases to block chemical oxidative stress-induced differentiation of human embryonic stem cells
Publication date: Available online 12 December 2018Source: Stem Cell ResearchAuthor(s): Eirini Koutsouraki, Steve Pells, Paul A. De SousaAbstractHypoxia benefits undifferentiated pluripotent stem cell renewal, and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) dioxygenases have been implicated in pluripotent stem cell induction and renewal. We show in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) that an ambient oxygen-induced oxidative stress response elicited by culture in a hypoxic atmosphere (0.5% O2) correlates with the expression of 2OG dioxygenases, which oxidise DNA (TET1, 2, 3) and histone H3 (KDM4C), the former reflected by elevation in genomic 5-hyd...
Source: Stem Cell Research - December 12, 2018 Category: Stem Cells Source Type: research

Alpha-naphthoflavone induces apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress via c-Src-, ROS-, MAPKs-, and arylhydrocarbon receptor-dependent pathways in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells.
Abstract α-Naphthoflavone (αNF) is a prototype flavone, also known as a modulator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of αNF-induced cytotoxic effects in HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. αNF induced apoptotic cell death via activation of caspase-12 and -3 and increased expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated proteins, including C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Inhibition of ER stress by treatment with the ER stress inhibitor, salubrinal, or by CHOP siRNA transfection reduced αNF-induced cell death. αNF activated mitogen-a...
Source: Neurotoxicology - November 30, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Yu AR, Ju Jeong Y, Hwang CY, Yoon KS, Choe W, Ha J, Kim SS, Kim Pak Y, Yeo EJ, Kang I Tags: Neurotoxicology Source Type: research

ROS-induced HSP70 promotes cytoplasmic translocation of high-mobility group box 1b and stimulates antiviral autophagy in grass carp kidney cells Cell Biology
In this study, we found that both grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. idella kidney cells and stimulate autophagy. Suppressing ROS accumulation with N-acetyl-l-cysteine significantly inhibited GCRV-induced autophagy activation and enhanced GCRV replication. Although ROS-induced autophagy, in turn, restricted GCRV replication, further investigation revealed that the multifunctional cellular protein high-mobility group box 1b (HMGB1b) serves as a heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)–dependent, pro-autophagic protein in grass ca...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - November 9, 2018 Category: Chemistry Authors: Youliang Rao, Quanyuan Wan, Hang Su, Xun Xiao, Zhiwei Liao, Jianfei Ji, Chunrong Yang, Li Lin, Jianguo Su Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

PGA 2 -induced expression of HO-1 is mediated by transcriptional upregulation of Nrf2
ConclusionThese findings suggest that PGA2 inducesHO-1 transcription via an increase in Nrf2 protein, the transcription of which is initiated by an accumulation of ROS that is independent of the p38MAPK activation pathway.
Source: Molecular and Cellular Toxicology - October 1, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

FOXO3a-dependent up-regulation of Mxi1-0 promotes hypoxia-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells.
In this study, we found that hypoxia increased Mxi1-0 expression, and the Mxi1-0 siRNA could inhibit caspase-8 activation and apoptosis in HUVECs induced by hypoxia. In addition, hypoxia induced FOXO3 activation, while Mxi1-0 expression and apoptosis were inhibited by transfection with FOXO3 siRNA. Using ChIP assay, we confirmed that FOXO3a binds to the Mxi1-0 promoter region. Furthermore, hypoxia treatment leads to remarkable production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibits hypoxia-induced ROS production, apoptosis and FOXO3a-mediated Mxi1-0 up-regulation. Finally, we found tha...
Source: Cellular Signalling - August 14, 2018 Category: Cytology Authors: Hu Z, Wang F, Wu Z, Gu H, Dong N, Jiang X, Xu J, Wu Z, Wechsler DS, Zheng D Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

Neuroprotection against 6-OHDA toxicity in PC12 cells and mice through the Nrf2 pathway by a sesquiterpenoid from Tussilago farfara
Publication date: September 2018Source: Redox Biology, Volume 18Author(s): Joohee Lee, Kwangho Song, Eugene Huh, Myung Sook Oh, Yeong Shik KimAbstractOxidative stress plays a key role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key regulator of the antioxidative response, is considered to be important as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the underlying mechanism of Nrf2-mediated neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress in the PC12 cell line by 7β-(3-ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2-methylbut...
Source: Redox Biology - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Induction of REDD1 via AP-1 prevents oxidative stress-mediated injury in hepatocytes.
Abstract Regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1 (REDD1) is an inducible gene in response to various stresses, which functions as a negative regulator of the mammalian target of rapamycin protein kinase in complex 1. In the present study, we identified the role of REDD1 under the oxidative stress-mediated hepatocyte injury and its regulatory mechanism. REDD1 protein was increased in H2O2 or tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP)-treated hepatocytes. H2O2 also elevated REDD1 mRNA levels. This event was inhibited by antioxidants such as diphenyleneiodonium chloride, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, or butylated hydroxy ani...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - June 14, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Cho SS, Kim KM, Yang JH, Kim JY, Park SJ, Kim SJ, Kim JK, Cho IJ, Ki SH Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Neuroprotection against 6-OHDA toxicity in PC12 cells and mice through the Nrf2 pathway by a sesquiterpenoid from Tussilago farfara
Publication date: September 2018 Source:Redox Biology, Volume 18 Author(s): Joohee Lee, Kwangho Song, Eugene Huh, Myung Sook Oh, Yeong Shik Kim Oxidative stress plays a key role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key regulator of the antioxidative response, is considered to be important as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the underlying mechanism of Nrf2-mediated neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress in the PC12 cell line by 7β-(3-ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2-methylbutyrylo...
Source: Redox Biology - June 8, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research