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Drug: Acetylcysteine

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Total 193 results found since Jan 2013.

Dimerumic acid attenuates receptor for advanced glycation endproducts signal to inhibit inflammation and diabetes mediated by Nrf2 activation and promotes methylglyoxal metabolism into d-lactic acid.
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dimerumic acid (DMA) on receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) signal activation and THP-1 monocyte inflammation treated with S100b, a specific ligand of RAGE. We found that DMA inhibited inflammatory cytokine production via upregulation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and alleviated oxidative stress through attenuation of p47phox translocation to the membrane of S100b-treated THP-1 monocytes. We found that DMA activated Nrf2 mediated by the p38 kinase pathway in THP-1 monocytes. However, anti-inflammatory activity of DMA was attenuated by...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - May 23, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Lee BH, Hsu WH, Hsu YW, Pan TM Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Role for intestinal cyp2e1 in alcohol-induced circadian gene-mediated intestinal hyperpermeability.
Conclusion. Our data support a novel role for intestinal CYP2E1 in alcohol-induced intestinal hyperpermeability via a mechanism involving CYP2E1-dependent induction of oxidative stress and upregulation of circadian clock proteins CLOCK and PER2. PMID: 23660503 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - May 9, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Forsyth CB, Voigt RM, Shaikh M, Tang Y, Cederbaum AI, Turek FW, Keshavarzian A Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: research

Sanguinarine induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells through ROS-mediated Egr-1 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction.
We examined the effects of sanguinarine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the association of these effects with apoptotic cell death in a human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cell line. Sanguinarine generated ROS, which was followed by a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the activation of caspase-9 and -3, and the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl2, XIAP and cIAP-1. Sanguinarine also promoted the activation of caspase-8 and truncation of Bid (tBid). However, the quenching of ROS generation by N-acetyl-l-cysteine, a scavenger of ROS, rever...
Source: Toxicology Letters - May 6, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Han MH, Kim GY, Yoo YH, Choi YH Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

CREB, NF-{kappa}B, and NADPH oxidase coordinately upregulate indoxyl sulfate-induced angiotensinogen expression in proximal tubular cells
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, accumulates in serum, and the expression of angiotensinogen (AGT) is upregulated in renal proximal tubular cells. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between indoxyl sulfate and the upregulation of AGT expression in proximal tubular cells. Indoxyl sulfate induced expression of AGT in rat renal cortex and in cultured human proximal tubular cells (HK-2). In proximal tubular cells, indoxyl sulfate induced phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) on Ser-133, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific to CREB inhibited ind...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - April 1, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Shimizu, H., Saito, S., Higashiyama, Y., Nishijima, F., Niwa, T. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Oxidative DNA damage is involved in ochratoxin A-induced G2 arrest through ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) pathways in human gastric epithelium GES-1 cells in vitro.
In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that OTA-induced oxidative DNA damage triggered the ATM-dependent pathways, which ultimately elicited a G2 arrest in GES-1 cells. PMID: 23515941 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Archives of Toxicology - March 21, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Cui J, Liu J, Wu S, Wang Y, Shen H, Xing L, Wang J, Yan X, Zhang X Tags: Arch Toxicol Source Type: research

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is upregulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß and is required for TGF-ß-induced hydrogen peroxide production in fibroblasts
Conclusions: The results presented in this study suggest that SPARC plays a role in epithelial damage in the IPF lung via enhanced H2O2 production from fibroblasts activated by TGF-β. Therefore, SPARC inhibition may prevent epithelial injury in IPF lung and represent a potential therapeutic approach for IPF.
Source: Fibrogenesis and Tissue Repair - March 21, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Saiko ShibataJunichi Ishiyama Source Type: research

Homocysteine alters the osteoprotegerin/RANKL system in the osteoblast to promote bone loss: pivotal role of the redox regulator forkhead O1.
In this study we determined the molecular mechanisms of how homocysteine differentially affects receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) synthesis in the bone. The results showed that oxidative stress induced by homocysteine deranges insulin-sensitive FOXO1 and MAP kinase signaling cascades to decrease OPG and increase RANKL synthesis in osteoblast cultures. We observed that downregulation of insulin/FOXO1 and p38 MAP kinase signaling mechanisms due to phosphorylation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) was the key event that inhibited OPG synthesis in homocysteine-treated osteoblast c...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - March 15, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Vijayan V, Khandelwal M, Manglani K, Singh RR, Gupta S, Surolia A Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

CREB, NF-κB, and NADPH oxidase coordinately upregulate indoxyl sulfate-induced angiotensinogen expression in proximal tubular cells.
Abstract In chronic kidney disease (CKD), indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, accumulates in serum, and the expression of angiotensinogen (AGT) is upregulated in renal proximal tubular cells. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between indoxyl sulfate and the upregulation of AGT expression in proximal tubular cells. Indoxyl sulfate induced expression of AGT in rat renal cortex and in cultured human proximal tubular cells (HK-2). In proximal tubular cells, indoxyl sulfate induced phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) on Ser-133, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific to ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - February 13, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Shimizu H, Saito S, Higashiyama Y, Nishijima F, Niwa T Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Hirsutanol A, a novel sesquiterpene compound from fungus Chondrostereum sp., induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth through mitochondrial-independent ROS production: Hirsutanol A inhibits tumor growth through ROS production
Conclusion: These data suggested that hirsutanol A inhibited tumor growth through triggering ROS production and apoptosis.
Source: BioMed Central - February 8, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Fen YangWen-Dan ChenRong DengHui ZhangJun TangKe-Wei WuDan-Dan LiGong-Kan FengWen-Jian LanHou-Jin LiXiao-Feng Zhu Source Type: research

Critical role of TXNIP in oxidative stress, DNA damage and retinal pericyte apoptosis under high glucose: Implications for diabetic retinopathy.
Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by early loss of retinal capillary pericytes and microvascular dysfunction. We recently showed that pro-oxidative stress and pro-apoptotic thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is significantly up-regulated in rat retinas in experimental diabetes and mediates inflammation and apoptosis. Therefore, we hypothesize here that TXNIP up-regulation in pericyte plays a causative role in oxidative stress and apoptosis under sustained high glucose exposure in culture. We maintained a rat retinal capillary pericyte cell line (TR-rPCT1) for 5 days under low glucose (LG, 5....
Source: Experimental Cell Research - January 24, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Devi TS, Hosoya KI, Terasaki T, Singh LP Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Saxifragifolin D induces the interplay between apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells through ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress.
In conclusion, SD inhibits breast cancer cell growth and induces interplay between apoptosis and autophagy through ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. It will provide molecular bases for developing SD into a drug candidate for the treatment of breast cancer. PMID: 23348250 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - January 21, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Shi JM, Bai LL, Zhang DM, Yiu A, Yin ZQ, Han WL, Liu JS, Li Y, Fu DY, Ye WC Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits TGF-β-, angiotensin II-, aldosterone-, high glucose- and albumin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
In conclusion, AMPK activation might be beneficial in attenuating the tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by TGF-β, angiotensin II, aldosterone, high glucose and urinary albumin. PMID: 23324179 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology - January 16, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Lee JH, Kim JH, Kim JS, Chang JW, Kim SB, Park JS, Lee SK Tags: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol Source Type: research

Mycophenolic acid regulates spleen tyrosine kinase to repress tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced monocyte chemotatic protein-1 production in cultured human aortic endothelial cells.
Abstract Atherosclerosis develops from cascades of inflammatory processes. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and monocyte chemotatic protein-1 (MCP-1) play important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has an anti-inflammatory effect. We have investigated whether MPA regulates Syk to repress tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced MCP-1 production in cultured human aortic endothelial cells. Expression of MCP-1 mRNA and its protein were measured by real time RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured using 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate...
Source: Cell Biology International - January 1, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Koo TY, Kim YJ, Yang WS, Park JS, Han NJ, Lee JM, Park SK Tags: Cell Biol Int Source Type: research