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Drug: Acetylcysteine

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Total 193 results found since Jan 2013.

Ochratoxin A promotes porcine circovirus type 2 replication in vitro and in vivo.
Abstract Ochratoxin A (OTA), a worldwide mycotoxin found in food and feeds, is a potent nephrotoxin in animals and humans. Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, is a worldwide swine disease. To date, little is known concerning the relationship between OTA and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the primary causative agent of PCVAD. Effects of OTA on PCV2 replication and its mechanism were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results in vitro showed that low doses of OTA significantly increased PCV2 DNA copies and the number of infected cells. Maximum ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - December 23, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Gan F, Zhang Z, Hu Z, Hesketh J, Xue H, Chen X, Hao S, Huang Y, Cole Ezea P, Parveen F, Huang K Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

PUMA is invovled in ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis of mouse cerebral astrocytes
Publication date: 22 January 2015 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 284 Author(s): H. Chen , M. Tian , L. Jin , H. Jia , Y. Jin PUMA (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis), a BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 protein family, is required for p53-dependent and p53-independent forms of apoptosis. PUMA has been invovled in the onset and progress of several diseases, including cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and ischemic brain disease. Although many studies have shown that ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) can induce the apoptosis of astrocytes, the role of PUMA in I/R-mediated apoptosis of cerebral astrocyte apoptosis remain...
Source: Neuroscience - November 25, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Oxidized LDL‐induced angiogenesis involves sphingosine 1‐phosphate: prevention by anti‐S1P antibody
Conclusion and ImplicationsThese data highlight the role of S1P in angiogenesis induced by oxLDL both in HMEC‐1 cultured on Matrigel and in vivo in the Matrigel plug model in mice, and demonstrate that the anti‐S1P antibody effectively blocks the angiogenic effect of oxLDL.
Source: British Journal of Pharmacology - November 24, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Caroline Camaré, Magali Trayssac, Barbara Garmy‐Susini, Elodie Mucher, Roger Sabbadini, Robert Salvayre, Anne Negre‐Salvayre Tags: RESEARCH PAPER Source Type: research

l-Carnitine attenuates H2O2-induced neuron apoptosis via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress
Publication date: December 2014 Source:Neurochemistry International, Volume 78 Author(s): Junli Ye , Yantao Han , Xuehong Chen , Jing Xie , Xiaojin Liu , Shunhong Qiao , Chunbo Wang Both oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) have been linked to pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous study has shown that l-carnitine may function as an antioxidant to inhibit H2O2-induced oxidative stress in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. To further explore the neuroprotection of l-carnitine, here we study the effects of l-carnitine on the ER stress response in H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury. Our re...
Source: Neurochemistry International - November 4, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Synergistic Effect of Sulindac and Simvastatin on Apoptosis in Lung Cancer A549 Cells through ...
Conclusion Combined treatment with sulindac and simvastatin augmented their apoptotic potential in lung cancer cells through AKT signaling-dependent downregulation of survivin. These results indicate that sulindac and simvastatin may be clinically promising therapies for the prevention of lung cancer.
Source: Cancer Research and Treatment - October 26, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Abstract 493: NRF2 modulates sensitivity to thymidylate synthase inhibitors in colon cancer cells
Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) catalyzes the reductive methylation of dUMP, and is the sole de novo source of thymidine for DNA replication and repair. As such, it is an important target of chemotherapeutic drugs, particularly the fluoropyrimidines 5-fluorouracil (FUra) and 5-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridine (FdUrd), as well as the folate analog raltitrexed (RTX). In cells, these drugs are metabolized to derivatives that bind to and inhibit TYMS, leading to depletion of thymidine levels, dysregulation of redox metabolism, generation of oxidative stress, and, eventually, apoptotic cell death. Gene expression profiles of FUra-treated H...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Clinton, S. A., Barbour, K. W., Ozer, U., Berger, F. G. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Oxidized LDL‐induced angiogenesis involves sphingosine‐1‐phosphate. Prevention by anti‐S1P antibody
Conclusion and ImplicationsThese data emphasize the role of S1P in angiogenesis induced by oxLDL both in HMEC‐1 cultured on Matrigel and in vivo in the Matrigel plug model in mice, and the efficacy of the anti‐S1P antibody in blocking the angiogenic effect of oxLDL.
Source: British Journal of Pharmacology - September 1, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Caroline Camaré, Magali Trayssac, Barbara Garmy‐Susini, Elodie Mucher, Roger Sabbadini, Robert Salvayre, Anne Negre‐Salvayre Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

PKC{delta}-IRAK1 axis regulates oxidized LDL-induced IL-1{beta} production in monocytes Research Articles
This study examined the role of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) and protein kinase C (PKC) in oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL)-induced monocyte IL-1β production. In THP1 cells, Ox-LDL induced time-dependent secretory IL-1β and IRAK1 activity; IRAK4, IRAK3, and CD36 protein expression; PKC-JNK1 phosphorylation; and AP-1 activation. IRAK1/4 siRNA and inhibitor (INH)-attenuated Ox-LDL induced secreted IL-1β and pro-IL-1β mRNA and pro-IL-1β and mature IL-1β protein expression, respectively. Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (NADPH oxidase INH) and N-acetylcysteine (free radical scavenger) att...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2014 Category: Lipidology Authors: Tiwari, R. L., Singh, V., Singh, A., Rana, M., Verma, A., Kothari, N., Kohli, M., Bogra, J., Dikshit, M., Barthwal, M. K. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Mitochondrial protein cyclophilin-D-mediated programmed necrosis attributes to berberine-induced cytotoxicity in cultured prostate cancer cells.
Abstract The prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of men's cancer mortality. The development of alternative chemotherapeutic strategies is urgent. Berberine has displayed significant anti-prostate cancer activities. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the current study, we found that berberine induced apoptosis and programmed necrosis in cultured prostate cancer cells (LNCaP and PC-82 lines), and necrosis weighted more than apoptosis in contributing berberine's cytotoxicity. We demonstrated that mitochondrial protein cyclophilin-D (Cyp-D) is required for berberine-induced programmed necr...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - June 16, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhang LY, Wu YL, Gao XH, Guo F Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Acetylshikonin induces apoptosis of hepatitis B virus X protein-expressing human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Abstract Since it has been known that shikonin derived from a medicinal plant possesses anti-cancer activity, we wonder whether acetylshikonin (ASK), a derivate of shikonin, could be used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma cells expressing hepatitis B virus X protein (HBX), an oncoprotein from hepatitis B virus. When ASK was added to Hep3B cells stably expressing HBX, it induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. ASK induced upregulation and export of Nur77 to the cytoplasm and activation of JNK. Likewise, suppression of Nur77 and JNK inactivation protected the cells from ASK-induced apoptosis, indicating that N...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - April 24, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Moon J, Koh SS, Malilas W, Cho IR, Kaewpiboon C, Kaowinn S, Lee K, Jhun BH, Choi YW, Chung YH Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

Effect of hypoxia on the expression of ¿B-crystallin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Conclusions: We provide the first evidence that hypoxia stimulates upregulation of αB-crystallin in HNSCC. This upregulation was not caused by the low oxygen pressure, but more likely by ROS formation. The higher expression of αB-crystallin may lead to prolonged survival of these cells under hypoxic conditions.
Source: BMC Cancer - April 11, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chantal van de SchootbruggeElisabeth SchultsJohan BussinkPaul SpanReidar GrénmanGer PruijnJohannes KaandersWilbert Boelens Source Type: research

Effect of hypoxia on the expression of alphaB-crystallin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Conclusions: We provide the first evidence that hypoxia stimulates upregulation of alphaB-crystallin in HNSCC. This upregulation was not caused by the low oxygen pressure, but more likely by ROS formation. The higher expression of alphaB-crystallin may lead to prolonged survival of these cells under hypoxic conditions.
Source: BMC Cancer - April 11, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chantal van de SchootbruggeElisabeth SchultsJohan BussinkPaul SpanReidar GrénmanGer PruijnJohannes KaandersWilbert Boelens Source Type: research

Nox2/ROS-dependent human antigen R translocation contributes to TNF-{alpha}-induced SOCS-3 expression in human tracheal smooth muscle cells
Elevated levels of TNF-α have been detected in the airway fluids, which may induce upregulation of inflammatory proteins. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 proteins can be induced by various cytokines and negatively regulated inflammatory responses. Although TNF-α has been shown to induce SOCS-3 expression, the mechanisms underlying TNF-α-induced SOCS-3 expression in human tracheal smooth muscle cells (HTSMCs) remain unclear. Here, we showed that TNF-α induced SOCS-3 expression, which was inhibited by pretreatment with the inhibitor of transcription level (actinomycin D), translation level ...
Source: AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - March 15, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hsu, C.-K., Lee, I.-T., Lin, C.-C., Hsiao, L.-D., Yang, C.-M. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Zinc Oxide nanoparticles induce Apoptosis by enhancement of Autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition.
This study demonstrates autophagy supports apoptosis on ZnO NPs exposure. PMID: 24614525 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicology Letters - March 7, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Roy R, Singh SK, Chauhan LK, Das M, Tripathi A, Dwivedi PD Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research