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Drug: Acetylcysteine

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Total 193 results found since Jan 2013.

Abstract 4379: MPT0B292 enhances acetylation of {alpha}-tubulin through up-regulation of acetyltransferase gene, MEC-17 and exhibits potent anti-tumor, anti-angiogenesis and anti-metastatic effects in vitro and in vivo
In recent years, epigenetic therapeutics is a new generation of chemotherapeutics for cancer. Microtubule-targeted agents constitute a type of anticancer drugs largely used in the clinics. Cells generate distinct microtubule subtypes through expression of different iso-types and through post-translational modifications, including acetylation, detyrosination, polyglutamination and polyglycylation. The acetylation of α-tubulin K-40 is controlled by the balance between acetyltransferase and de-acetylase expression. MEC-17, one of α-tubulin acetyltransferases, plays an important role in the regulation of acetylation of α-tu...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chang, J.-Y., Cheng, Y.-C. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

Influence of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) inhibition on lung epithelial cell injury: role of oxidative stress and metabolism.
Abstract Oxidant-mediated tissue injury is key to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are important detoxifying enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with toxic oxidant compounds and are associated with acute and chronic inflammatory lung diseases. We hypothesized that attenuation of cellular GST enzymes would augment intracellular oxidative and metabolic stress and induce lung cell injury. Treatment of murine lung epithelial cells with GST inhibitors, ethacrynic acid (EA), and caffeic acid compromised lung epithelial cell viability in a concentration-dependent m...
Source: Am J Physiol Lung Ce... - June 15, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Fletcher ME, Boshier PR, Wakabayashi K, Keun HC, Smolenski RT, Kirkham PA, Adcock IM, Barton PJ, Takata M, Marczin N Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: research

Influence of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) inhibition on lung epithelial cell injury: role of oxidative stress and metabolism
Oxidant-mediated tissue injury is key to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are important detoxifying enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with toxic oxidant compounds and are associated with acute and chronic inflammatory lung diseases. We hypothesized that attenuation of cellular GST enzymes would augment intracellular oxidative and metabolic stress and induce lung cell injury. Treatment of murine lung epithelial cells with GST inhibitors, ethacrynic acid (EA), and caffeic acid compromised lung epithelial cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. These inhib...
Source: AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - June 15, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Fletcher, M. E., Boshier, P. R., Wakabayashi, K., Keun, H. C., Smolenski, R. T., Kirkham, P. A., Adcock, I. M., Barton, P. J., Takata, M., Marczin, N. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Cytokine-mediated dysregulation of zonula occludens-1 properties in human brain microvascular endothelium
Publication date: July 2015 Source:Microvascular Research, Volume 100 Author(s): Keith D. Rochfort , Philip M. Cummins Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) is essential to the proper assembly of interendothelial junction complexes that control blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. The goal of the current paper was to improve our understanding of how proinflammatory cytokines modulate ZO-1 properties within the human BBB microvascular endothelium. In this respect, we investigated the effects of TNF-α and IL-6 on ZO-1 using human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMvECs). Following treatment of HBMvECs with either cytokine (0...
Source: Microvascular Research - June 10, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

ROS-p53-cyclophilin-D signaling mediates salinomycin-induced glioma cell necrosis
Conclusions: Thus, salinomycin mainly induces programmed necrosis in cultured glioma cells.
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - May 29, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Li-sen QinPi-feng JiaZhi-qing ZhangShi-ming Zhang Source Type: research

Toll-Like Receptor 4/Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Complex in High Glucose Signal Transduction of Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells
Conclusion: Syk is constitutively associated with TLR4. High glucose induces an immediate, reactive oxygen species-dependent, extracellular release of HMGB-1 which binds to TLR4 and activates it, leading to Syk activation.Cell Physiol Biochem 2015;35:2309-2319
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - April 18, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

The role of TRPC6 in oxidative stress-induced podocyte ischemic injury.
In this study, we found that renal ischemia-reperfusion injury induced podocyte effacement and the upregulation of TRPC6 mRNA and protein expression. In in vitro experiments, oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) treatment enhanced the expression of TRPC6 and TRPC6-dependent Ca(2+) influx. TRPC6 knockdown by siRNA interference attenuated the OGD-induced [Ca(2+)]i and actin assembly. OGD treatment also increased ROS production. Furthermore, inhibition of ROS activity by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) eliminated the OGD-induced increase in TRPC6 expression and Ca(2+) influx. H2O2 treatment, which results in oxidative stress, also incr...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - April 17, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhao B, Yang H, Zhang R, Sun H, Liao C, Xu J, Meng K, Jiao J Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Roles of ROS and PKC-βII in ionizing radiation-induced eNOS activation in human vascular endothelial cells.
In this study, we investigated early alterations of eNOS signaling in human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to X-ray radiation. We found that ionizing radiation increased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1177 and dephosphorylation at Thr-495 in HUVECs in a dose-dependent (≤20 Gy) and time-dependent (6-72 h) manner. The total expression levels of eNOS were unchanged by radiation. Although a transient but significant increase in extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and a biphasic decline in Akt phosphorylation were observed after irradiation, these inhibitors were withou...
Source: Vascular Pharmacology - April 10, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sakata K, Kondo T, Mizuno N, Shoji M, Yasui H, Yamamori T, Inanami O, Yokoo H, Yoshimura N, Hattori Y Tags: Vascul Pharmacol Source Type: research

4-Hydroxynonenal induces Nrf2-mediated UCP3 upregulation in mouse cardiomyocytes.
Abstract 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is a highly cytotoxic product of lipid peroxidation. Nevertheless, at low concentrations, it is able to mediate cell signalling and to activate protective pathways, including that of the transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). In addition, HNE activates uncoupling proteins (UCPs), mitochondrial inner membrane proteins that mediate uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and have been proposed to protect against oxidative stress. It is not known, however, whether HNE might induce UCPs expression via Nrf2 to cause mitochondrial uncoupling. We invest...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - April 2, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: López-Bernardo E, Anedda A, Sánchez-Pérez P, Acosta-Iborra B, Cadenas S Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Glycated albumin triggers fibrosis and apoptosis via an NADPH oxidase/Nox4-MAPK pathway-dependent mechanism in renal proximal tubular cells
In this study, we investigated the effects of GA on fibrosis and apoptosis of renal proximal tubular cells (NRK-52E) in vitro experiments. Our results showed that GA promoted α-SMA, fibronectin (FN) and TGF-β expressions in NRK-52E cells. GA also increased cell apoptosis and stimulated the expressions of pro-caspase 3/cleaved-caspase 3. GA overloading enhanced the phosphorylation of MAPK pathway. GA-induced α-SMA, FN, TGF-β and caspase 3 expressions were completely suppressed by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (Apo), the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the latent antioxidant Astr...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - March 10, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Participation of proteasome-ubiquitin protein degradation in autophagy and the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase.
Abstract Although activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as well as of ubiquitin/proteasome degradative pathways play an essential role in the preservation of metabolic homeostasis, little is known concerning interactions between protein turnover and AMPK activity. In the present studies, we found that inhibition of the 26S proteasome resulted in rapid activation of AMPK in macrophages, epithelial and endothelial cells. This was associated with increased levels of non-degraded Ub-protein conjugates, in both cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions. Selective inhibitors of ubiquitination or siRNA-depend...
Source: Cellular Signalling - February 26, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Jiang S, Park DW, Gao Y, Ravi S, Darley-Usmar V, Abraham E, Zmijewski JW Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

Reactive oxygen species activated NLRP3 inflammasomes initiate inflammation in hyperosmolarity stressed human corneal epithelial cells and environment-induced dry eye patients.
Abstract In studies on dry eye (DE) disease, an association has been identified between tear film hyperosmolarity and inflammation severity elicited through receptor-induced increases in proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release. These immune reactions might be mediated by inflammasomes, macromolecular complexes mounted around the NLRP3 protein and can be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-generation. Hence in this study we determine whether: a) ROS activated NLRP3 inflammasomes mediate hyperosmotic stress-induced inflammation in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs); b) the ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β axi...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - February 18, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Zheng Q, Ren Y, Reinach PS, Xiao B, Lu H, Zhu Y, Qu J, Chen W Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Ligand-independent activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling in PCB3-quinone treated HaCaT human keratinocytes.
Abstract Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that plays a critical role in metabolism, cell proliferation, development, carcinogenesis, and xenobiotic response. In general, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exhibit a ligand-dependent activation of AhR-signaling. Results from this study show that a quinone-derivative (1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-benzo-2,5-quinone; 4-ClBQ) of a non-dioxin like PCB (PCB3) also activates AhR-signaling. Treatments of HaCaT human keratinocytes with 4-ClBQ and dioxin-like PCB126 significantly increased AhR-target gene expression, CYP1A1 mRNA and p...
Source: Toxicology Letters - February 7, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Xiao W, Son J, Vorrink SU, Domann FE, Goswami PC Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

High Glucose Promotes Tumor Invasion and Increases Metastasis-Associated Protein Expression in Human Lung Epithelial Cells by Upregulating Heme Oxygenase-1 via Reactive Oxygen Species or the TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Conclusion: this study is the first to demonstrate that HG treatment of A549 human lung epithelial cells promotes tumor cell invasion and increases metastasis-associated protein expression by up-regulating HO-1 expression via ROS or the TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Cell Physiol Biochem 2015;35:1008-1022
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - February 5, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Molecular regulation of the expression of leptin by hypoxia in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells
Conclusion: Hypoxia in HCASMCs increases leptin expression through the induction of AngII, ROS, and the JNK pathway to enhance atherosclerosis in HCASMCs.
Source: Journal of Biomedical Science - January 9, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Chiung-Zuan ChiuBao-Wei WangKou-Gi Shyu Source Type: research