Filtered By:
Drug: Acetylcysteine

This page shows you your search results in order of date. This is page number 12.

Order by Relevance | Date

Total 193 results found since Jan 2013.

Indoxyl sulfate-induced activation of (pro)renin receptor is involved in expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin in proximal tubular cells.
Abstract Activation of (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the role of indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, in the activation of PRR is not clear. The present study aimed to clarify the role of indoxyl sulfate in activation of PRR, in relation to renal expression of fibrotic genes. Renal expression of PRR and renin/prorenin was upregulated in CKD rats compared with normal rats, whereas AST-120 suppressed these expression by reducing serum levels of indoxyl sulfate. Furthermore, administration of indoxyl sulfate to normotensive and hypertensive rats increas...
Source: Endocrinology - March 6, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Saito S, Shimizu H, Yisireyili M, Nishijima F, Enomoto A, Niwa T Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

A ROS/STAT3/HIF‐1α signaling cascade mediates EGF‐induced TWIST1 expression and prostate cancer cell invasion
CONCLUSIONSWe demonstrate a mechanism by which EGF promotes prostate cancer cell progression through a ROS/STAT3/HIF‐1α/TWIST1/N‐cadherin signaling cascade, providing novel biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for prostate cancer cell progression. Prostate © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: The Prostate - January 16, 2014 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Kyung Hwa Cho, Moon Jung Choi, Kang Jin Jeong, Jeong Jin Kim, Min Ha Hwang, Shang Cheul Shin, Chang Gyo Park, Hoi Young Lee Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Nox2/ROS-dependent human antigen R translocation contributes to TNF-α-induced SOCS-3 expression in human tracheal smooth muscle cells.
Abstract Elevated levels of TNF-α have been detected in the airway fluids, which may induce up-regulation of inflammatory proteins. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 proteins can be induced by various cytokines and negatively regulated inflammatory responses. Although TNF-α has been shown to induce SOCS-3 expression, the mechanisms underlying TNF-α-induced SOCS-3 expression in human tracheal smooth muscle cells (HTSMCs) remain unclear. Here, we showed that TNF-α induced SOCS-3 expression in HTSMCs and in the airways of mice, which was inhibited by pretreatment with the inhibitor of transcription level...
Source: Am J Physiol Lung Ce... - January 10, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hsu CK, Lee IT, Lin CC, Hsiao LD, Yang CM Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: research

Proopiomelanocortin gene delivery induces apoptosis in melanoma through NADPH oxidase 4-mediated ROS generation.
In this study, we characterize the involvement of hypoxia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the antineoplastic mechanism of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene delivery in a mouse B16-F10 melanoma model in vivo and in vitro. Histological analysis revealed increased TUNEL-positive cells and enhanced hypoxic activities in melanoma treated with adenovirus encoding POMC (Ad-POMC) but not control vector. Because the apoptotic cells were detected mainly in regions distant from blood vessels, it was hypothesized that POMC therapy might render melanoma cells vulnerable to hypoxic insult. Using a hypoxic chamber or cobalt...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - January 8, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Liu GS, Wu JC, Tsai HE, Dusting GJ, Chan EC, Wu CS, Tai MH Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Src tyrosine kinase mediates platelet-derived growth factor BB-induced and redox-dependent migration in metanephric mesenchymal cells
This study investigated the role of Src tyrosine kinase in PDGF-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and migration of metanephric mesenchymal cells (MMCs). Cultured embryonic MMCs from wild-type and PDGF receptor-deficient embryos were established. Migration was determined via wound-healing assay. Unlike PDGF AA, PDGF BB-induced greater migration in MMCs with respect to control. This was abrogated by neutralizing an antibody to PDGF BB. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors suppressed PDGF BB-induced migration. Conversely, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) i...
Source: AJP: Renal Physiology - January 1, 2014 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Wagner, B., Gorin, Y. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

A Synergic Role of Caspase-6 and Caspase-3 in Tau Truncation at D421 Induced by H2O 2.
Abstract Tau truncation is widely detected in Alzheimer's disease brain. Caspases activation is suggested to play a significant role in tau truncation at Aspartate 421 (D421) according to their ability to cleave recombinant tau in vitro. Ample evidence has shown that caspase-6 is involved in cognitive impairment and expressed in AD brain. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to caspase-6 activation and correlate with AD. Here, we transfected human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells with Tau 441 plasmid and investigated the role of caspase-6 and caspase-3 in ROS-mediated tau truncation. Our data demonstrated th...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - December 21, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhao H, Zhao W, Lok K, Wang Z, Yin M Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: research

BIX-01294 induces autophagy-associated cell death via EHMT2/G9a dysfunction and intracellular reactive oxygen species production.
Abstract We screened a chemical library in MCF-7 cells stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-conjugated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) (GFP-LC3-MCF-7) using cell-based assay, and identified BIX-01294 (BIX), a selective inhibitor of euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), as a strong autophagy inducer. BIX enhanced formation of GFP-LC3 puncta, LC3-II, and free GFP, signifying autophagic activation. Inhibition of these phenomena with chloroquine and increasement in punctate dKeima ratio (550/438) signal indicated that BIX activated autophagic flux. BIX-induced cell...
Source: Autophagy - December 1, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Kim Y, Kim YS, Kim DE, Lee JS, Song JH, Kim HG, Cho DH, Jeong SY, Jin DH, Jang SJ, Seol HS, Suh YA, Lee SJ, Kim CS, Koh JY, Hwang JJ Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Src tyrosine kinase mediates PDGF BB-induced and redox-dependent migration in metanephric mesenchymal cells.
This study investigated the role of Src tyrosine kinase in PDGF-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and migration of metanephric mesenchymal cells (MMCs). Cultured embryonic MMCs from wild type and PDGF receptor-deficient embryos were established. Migration was determined via wound healing assay. Unlike PDGF AA, PDGF BB induced greater migration in MMCs with respect to control. This was abrogated by neutralizing antibody to PDGF BB. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors suppressed PDGF BB-induced migration. Conversely, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhi...
Source: Am J Physiol Renal P... - November 6, 2013 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Wagner B, Gorin YC Tags: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol Source Type: research

Biliverdin reductase plays a crucial role in hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in human glioblastoma.
Abstract Hypoxia-induced alterations in the cellular redox status play a critical role in the development of hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in cancer cells. Human biliverdin reductase (hBVR), an enzyme involved in the conversion of biliverdin into bilirubin in heme metabolism, was recently identified as an important cytoprotectant against oxidative stress and hypoxia. However, the role of hBVR on hypoxia-induced drug resistance has not been previously investigated. Using human glioblastoma cell lines, we evaluated the potential role of hBVR in hypoxia-induced drug resistance. We found that hypoxia caused a signif...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - October 7, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kim SS, Sin S, Lim SH, Kim SY Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Mitochondrial fragmentation in cigarette smoke induced-bronchial epithelial cell senescence.
Conclusions: CSE-induced mitochondrial fragmentation is involved in cellular senescence through the mechanism of mitochondrial ROS production. Hence, disruption of mitochondrial dynamics may be a part of the pathogenic sequence of COPD development. PMID: 24056969 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - September 20, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Hara H, Araya J, Ito S, Kobayashi K, Takasaka N, Yoshii Y, Wakui H, Kojima J, Shimizu K, Numata T, Kawaishi M, Kamiya N, Odaka M, Morikawa T, Kaneko Y, Nakayama K, Kuwano K Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: research

Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine protects pancreatic β-cells against aldosterone-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in female db/db mice and insulin-producing MIN6 cells.
This study aimed to investigate whether oxidative stress is involved in and whether the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist spironolactone could prevent or delay β-cell damage in vivo and in vitro. As expected, 8 weeks after aldosterone treatment, 12-week-old female diabetic db/db mice exhibited impaired oral glucose tolerance, decreased β-cell mass, and heightened levels of oxidative stress marker (urinary 8-OHdG). NAC reversed these symptoms completely, whereas spironolactone treatment did so only partially. After exposure to aldosterone, the mouse pancreatic β-cell lin...
Source: Endocrinology - September 5, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jin HM, Zhou DC, Gu HF, Qiao QY, Fu SK, Liu XL, Pan Y Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Shear stress is a positive regulator of thimet oligopeptidase (EC3.4.24.15) in vascular endothelial cells: consequences for MHC1 levels
Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that laminar shear positively regulates endothelial TOP expression. Moreover, a role for ROS production by NADPH oxidase is indicated. Finally, our studies suggest that shear-dependent TOP induction down-regulates MHC1 levels, pointing to a role for TOP in the flow-mediated regulation of endothelial immunogenicity.
Source: Cardiovascular Research - July 22, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Guinan, A. F., Rochfort, K. D., Fitzpatrick, P. A., Walsh, T. G., Pierotti, A. R., Phelan, S., Murphy, R. P., Cummins, P. M. Tags: Vascular biology Source Type: research

Role for intestinal CYP2E1 in alcohol-induced circadian gene-mediated intestinal hyperpermeability
We have shown that alcohol increases Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell monolayer permeability in vitro by inducing the expression of redox-sensitive circadian clock proteins CLOCK and PER2 and that these proteins are necessary for alcohol-induced hyperpermeability. We hypothesized that alcohol metabolism by intestinal Cytochrome P450 isoform 2E1 (CYP2E1) could alter circadian gene expression (Clock and Per2), resulting in alcohol-induced hyperpermeability. In vitro Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells were exposed to alcohol, and CYP2E1 protein, activity, and mRNA were measured. CYP2E1 expression was knocked down via siRNA a...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - July 15, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Forsyth, C. B., Voigt, R. M., Shaikh, M., Tang, Y., Cederbaum, A. I., Turek, F. W., Keshavarzian, A. Tags: MUCOSAL BIOLOGY Source Type: research

Glycolaldehyde induces cytotoxicity and increases glutathione and multidrug-resistance-associated protein levels in schwann cells.
Abstract Schwann cell injury is observed in diabetic neuropathy. It is speculated that glycolaldehyde (GA), a precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), contributes to the pathogenesis and development of diabetic neuropathy. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that GA at near-physiological concentration decreased the viability of rat Schwann cells. In contrast, methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone, all of which are AGE precursors, had no effects on cell viability. It is well known that methylglyoxal causes oxidative damage. In the present study, however, GA failed to induce reactive oxygen s...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - July 6, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sato K, Tatsunami R, Yama K, Tampo Y Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: research

γ-Tocotrienol induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via activating the Bax-mediated mitochondrial and AMPK signaling pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
This study aimed to examine the anti-proliferative effects of α-, γ- and δ-tocotrienols (αT3, γT3 and δT3), and α-tocopherol on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Results showed that compared with other vitamin E analogues, γT3 demonstrated the most potent anti-proliferative effect on 3T3-L1 cells. It significantly caused a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and an increase in ROS formation, as well as inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S phase. Further studies showed that it down-regulated Bcl-2 and PPAR-γ expression, suppressed Akt and ERK activation and phosphorylation, and caused cytochrome c ...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - June 28, 2013 Category: Food Science Authors: Wu SJ, Huang GY, Ng LT Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: research