HIV-1 integrase binding to genomic RNA 5 ′-UTR induces local structural changes in vitro and in virio
During HIV-1 maturation, Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins are proteolytically cleaved and the capsid protein polymerizes to form the honeycomb capsid lattice. HIV-1 integrase (IN) binds the viral genomic RNA (gRNA... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - November 22, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Shuohui Liu, Pratibha C. Koneru, Wen Li, Chathuri Pathirage, Alan N. Engelman, Mamuka Kvaratskhelia and Karin Musier-Forsyth Tags: Research Source Type: research
An ancient retroviral RNA element hidden in mammalian genomes and its involvement in co-opted retroviral gene regulation
Retroviruses utilize multiple unique RNA elements to control RNA processing and translation. However, it is unclear what functional RNA elements are present in endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Gene co-option fr... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - November 10, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Koichi Kitao, So Nakagawa and Takayuki Miyazawa Tags: Research Source Type: research
Diverse antiviral IgG effector activities are predicted by unique biophysical antibody features
The critical role of antibody Fc-mediated effector functions in immune defense has been widely reported in various viral infections. These effector functions confer cellular responses through engagement with i... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - October 30, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Hao D. Cheng, Karen G. Dowell, Chris Bailey-Kellogg, Brittany A. Goods, J. Christopher Love, Guido Ferrari, Galit Alter, Johannes Gach, Donald N. Forthal, George K. Lewis, Kelli Greene, Hongmei Gao, David C. Montefiori and Margaret E. Ackerman Tags: Research Source Type: research
Integration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in infected human cells by retrotransposons: an unlikely hypothesis and old viral relationships
Zhang et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci 118:e2105968118, 2021) recently reported that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be retrotranscribed and integrated into the DNA of human cells by the L1 retrotransposon machinery. This phenom... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - October 29, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Nicole Grandi, Enzo Tramontano and Ben Berkhout Tags: Commentary Source Type: research
Residues T48 and A49 in HIV-1 NL4-3 Nef are responsible for the counteraction of autophagy initiation, which prevents the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Gag through autophagosomes
Autophagy plays an important role as a cellular defense mechanism against intracellular pathogens, like viruses. Specifically, autophagy orchestrates the recruitment of specialized cargo, including viral compo... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - October 28, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Sergio Castro-Gonzalez, Yuexuan Chen, Jared Benjamin, Yuhang Shi and Ruth Serra-Moreno Tags: Research Source Type: research
HIV-1 capsid variability: viral exploitation and evasion of capsid-binding molecules
The HIV-1 capsid, a conical shell encasing viral nucleoprotein complexes, is involved in multiple post-entry processes during viral replication. Many host factors can directly bind to the HIV-1 capsid protein ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - October 26, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Akatsuki Saito and Masahiro Yamashita Tags: Review Source Type: research
Altered Env conformational dynamics as a mechanism of resistance to peptide-triazole HIV-1 inactivators
We previously developed drug-like peptide triazoles (PTs) that target HIV-1 Envelope (Env) gp120, potently inhibit viral entry, and irreversibly inactivate virions. Here, we investigated potential mechanisms o... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - October 9, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Shiyu Zhang, Andrew P. Holmes, Alexej Dick, Adel A. Rashad, Luc ía Enríquez Rodríguez, Gabriela A. Canziani, Michael J. Root and Irwin M. Chaiken Tags: Research Source Type: research
The KT Jeang Retrovirology prize 2021: Peter Cherepanov
(Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - September 27, 2021 Category: Virology Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase 1 contributes to governing optimal stability of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 core
The genome of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is encapsulated in a core consisting of viral capsid proteins (CA). After viral entry, the HIV-1 core dissociates and releases the viral genome into th... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - September 26, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Naoki Kishimoto, Ryosuke Okano, Ayano Akita, Satoshi Miura, Ayaka Irie, Nobutoki Takamune and Shogo Misumi Tags: Research Source Type: research
The HIV-1 capsid and reverse transcription
The viral capsid plays a key role in HIV-1 reverse transcription. Recent studies have demonstrated that the small molecule IP6 dramatically enhances reverse transcription in vitro by stabilizing the viral caps... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - September 25, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Christopher Aiken and Itay Rousso Tags: Review Source Type: research
An emerging and variant viral promoter of HIV-1 subtype C exhibits low-level gene expression noise
We observe the emergence of several promoter-variant viral strains in India during recent years. The variant viral promoters contain additional copies of transcription factor binding sites present in the viral... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - September 19, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Haider Ali, Disha Bhange, Kavita Mehta, Yuvrajsinh Gohil, Harshit Kumar Prajapati, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, Shilpa Buch and Udaykumar Ranga Tags: Research Source Type: research
Cocaine augments neuro-inflammation via modulating extracellular vesicle release in HIV-1 infected immune cells
Extracellular Vesicles (EV) recently have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 syndromes, including neuroinflammation and HIV-1 associated neurological disorder (HAND). Cocaine, an illicit stimulant dr... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - September 16, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Manojkumar Narayanan, Rutuja Kulkarni, Shuxian Jiang, Fatah Kashanchi and Anil Prasad Tags: Research Source Type: research
Derivation and characterization of an HIV-1 mutant that rescues IP6 binding deficiency
A critical step in the HIV-1 replication cycle is the assembly of Gag proteins to form virions at the plasma membrane. Virion assembly and maturation are facilitated by the cellular polyanion inositol hexaphos... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - August 28, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Daniel Poston, Trinity Zang and Paul Bieniasz Tags: Research Source Type: research
Co-receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of neuroHIV
The HIV co-receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, are necessary for HIV entry into target cells, interacting with the HIV envelope protein, gp120, to initiate several signaling cascades thought to be important to the entr... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - August 24, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: E. A. Nickoloff-Bybel, L. Festa, O. Meucci and P. J. Gaskill Tags: Review Source Type: research
Functional analysis of a monoclonal antibody reactive against the C1C2 of Env obtained from a patient infected with HIV-1 CRF02_AG
Recent data suggest the importance of non-neutralizing antibodies (nnAbs) in the development of vaccines against HIV-1 because two types of nnAbs that recognize the coreceptor binding site (CoRBS) and the C1C2... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - August 21, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Hasan Md Zahid, Takeo Kuwata, Shokichi Takahama, Yu Kaku, Shashwata Biswas, Kaho Matsumoto, Hirokazu Tamamura and Shuzo Matsushita Tags: Research Source Type: research
