Inducible HIV RNA transcription assays to measure HIV persistence: pros and cons of a compromise
With the increasing number of therapeutic strategies tested in humans to reduce the size of the latent reservoir, the development of a robust, precise and clinical trial scalable assay that measures the freque... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 17, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Johann Plantin, Marta Massanella and Nicolas Chomont Tags: Review Source Type: research
Structural alteration of DNA induced by viral protein R of HIV-1 triggers the DNA damage response
Viral protein R (Vpr) is an accessory protein of HIV-1, which is potentially involved in the infection of macrophages and the induction of the ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR)-mediated DNA ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 16, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Kenta Iijima, Junya Kobayashi and Yukihito Ishizaka Tags: Research Source Type: research
Rapid HIV disease progression following superinfection in an HLA-B*27:05/B*57:01-positive transmission recipient
The factors determining differential HIV disease outcome among individuals expressing protective HLA alleles such as HLA-B*27:05 and HLA-B*57:01 remain unknown. We here analyse two HIV-infected subjects expre... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 16, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Jacqui Brener, Astrid Gall, Jacob Hurst, Rebecca Batorsky, Nora Lavandier, Fabian Chen, Anne Edwards, Chrissy Bolton, Reena Dsouza, Todd Allen, Oliver G. Pybus, Paul Kellam, Philippa C. Matthews and Philip J. R. Goulder Tags: Research Source Type: research
The HIV-1 accessory proteins Nef and Vpu downregulate total and cell surface CD28 in CD4+ T cells
The HIV-1 accessory proteins Nef and Vpu alter cell surface levels of multiple host proteins to modify the immune response and increase viral persistence. Nef and Vpu can downregulate cell surface levels of th... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 12, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Emily N. Pawlak, Brennan S. Dirk, Rajesh Abraham Jacob, Aaron L. Johnson and Jimmy D. Dikeakos Tags: Research Source Type: research
Inhibitors of the integrase –transportin-SR2 interaction block HIV nuclear import
Combination antiretroviral therapy efficiently suppresses HIV replication in infected patients, transforming HIV/AIDS into a chronic disease. Viral resistance does develop however, especially under suboptimal ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 12, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Jonas Demeulemeester, Jolien Blokken, St éphanie De Houwer, Lieve Dirix, Hugo Klaassen, Arnaud Marchand, Patrick Chaltin, Frauke Christ and Zeger Debyser Tags: Research Source Type: research
Next-generation in situ hybridization approaches to define and quantify HIV and SIV reservoirs in tissue microenvironments
The development of increasingly safe and effective antiretroviral treatments for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) over the past several decades has led to vastly improved patient survival when treatment is a... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 9, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Claire Deleage, Chi N. Chan, Kathleen Busman-Sahay and Jacob D. Estes Tags: Review Source Type: research
Single-molecule techniques to quantify and genetically characterise persistent HIV
Antiretroviral therapy effectively suppresses, but does not eradicate HIV-1 infection. Persistent low-level HIV-1 can still be detected in plasma and cellular reservoirs even after years of effective therapy, ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 9, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Xiao Qian Wang and Sarah Palmer Tags: Review Source Type: research
Computational analysis of envelope glycoproteins from diverse geographical isolates of bovine leukemia virus identifies highly conserved peptide motifs
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus infecting bovine B cells and causing enzootic bovine leucosis. The SU or surface subunit, gp51, of its envelope glycoprotein is involved in receptor recognition... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 8, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Aneta Pluta, Lorraine M. Albritton, Marzena Rola- Łuszczak and Jacek Kuźmak Tags: Research Source Type: research
Impact of the HIV-1 genetic background and HIV-1 population size on the evolution of raltegravir resistance
Emergence of resistance against integrase inhibitor raltegravir in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) patients is generally associated with selection of one of three signature mutations: Y143C/R, Q148... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 5, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Axel Fun, Thomas Leitner, Linos Vandekerckhove, Martin D äumer, Alexander Thielen, Bernd Buchholz, Andy I. M. Hoepelman, Elizabeth H. Gisolf, Pauline J. Schipper, Annemarie M. J. Wensing and Monique Nijhuis Tags: Research Source Type: research
Innovations in the quantitative virus outgrowth assay and its use in clinical trials
A robust measure of the size of the latent HIV reservoir is essential to quantifying the effect of interventions designed to deplete the pool of reactivatable, replication competent proviruses. In addition to ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - December 21, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Nicholas J. Norton, Axel Fun, Mikaila Bandara, Mark R. Wills, Hoi Ping Mok and Andrew M. L. Lever Tags: Review Source Type: research
Systems serology: profiling vaccine induced humoral immunity against HIV
The results of the RV144 HIV vaccine, in combination with several recent non-human primate vaccine studies continue to highlight the potentially protective role of non-neutralizing Fc functional antibodies in ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - December 21, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Amy W. Chung and Galit Alter Tags: Review Source Type: research
Moloney leukemia virus 10 (MOV10) inhibits the degradation of APOBEC3G through interference with the Vif-mediated ubiquitin –proteasome pathway
MOV10 protein has ATP-dependent 5 ′–3′ RNA helicase activity and belongs to the UPF1p superfamily. It can inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication at multiple stages and interact with apo... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - December 19, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Cancan Chen, Xiaocao Ma, Qifei Hu, Xinghua Li, Feng Huang, Junsong Zhang, Ting Pan, Jinyu Xia, Chao Liu and Hui Zhang Tags: Research Source Type: research
Foamy virus zoonotic infections
Foamy viruses (FV) are ancient complex retroviruses that differ from orthoretroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and murine leukemia virus (MLV) and comprise a distinct subfamily of retrovirus... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - December 2, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Delia M. Pinto-Santini, Carolyn R. Stenbak and Maxine L. Linial Tags: Research Source Type: research
Modulation of the functional association between the HIV-1 intasome and the nucleosome by histone amino-terminal tails
Stable insertion of the retroviral DNA genome into host chromatin requires the functional association between the intasome (integrase ·viral DNA complex) and the nucleosome. The data from the literature suggest... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - November 28, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Mohamed S. Benleulmi, Julien Matysiak, Xavier Robert, Csaba Miskey, Eric Mauro, Delphine Lapaillerie, Paul Lesbats, St éphane Chaignepain, Daniel R. Henriquez, Christina Calmels, Oyindamola Oladosu, Eloïse Thierry, Oscar Leon, Marc Lavigne, Marie-Line A Tags: Research Source Type: research
The mouse viral outgrowth assay: avatars for the detection of HIV-1 reservoirs
Sensitive assays are needed for the detection of residual viral reservoirs in HIV-1-infected subjects on suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy regimens to determine whether eradication strategies are ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - November 21, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Kelly A. Metcalf Pate and Joel N. Blankson Tags: Review Source Type: research
