Predominant envelope variable loop 2-specific and gp120-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity antibody responses in acutely SIV-infected African green monkeys
The initial envelope (Env)-specific antibody response in acutely HIV-1-infected individuals and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus monkeys (RMs) is dominated by non-neutralizing antibodies tar... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - March 9, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Quang N. Nguyen, David R. Martinez, Jonathon E. Himes, R. Whitney Edwards, Qifeng Han, Amit Kumar, Riley Mangan, Nathan I. Nicely, Guanhua Xie, Nathan Vandergrift, Xiaoying Shen, Justin Pollara and Sallie R. Permar Tags: Research Source Type: research
Recent advances in retroviruses via cryo-electron microscopy
Cryo-electron microscopy has undergone a revolution in recent years and it has contributed significantly to a number of different areas in biological research. In this manuscript, we will describe some of the ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - February 23, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Johnson Mak and Alex de Marco Tags: Review Source Type: research
Measuring integrated HIV DNA ex vivo and in vitro provides insights about how reservoirs are formed and maintained
The identification of the most appropriate marker to measure reservoir size has been a great challenge for the HIV field. Quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA), the reference standard to quantify the amoun... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - February 17, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Marilia Rita Pinzone and Una O ’Doherty Tags: Review Source Type: research
Measuring replication competent HIV-1: advances and challenges in defining the latent reservoir
Antiretroviral therapy cannot cure HIV-1 infection due to the persistence of a small number of latently infected cells harboring replication-competent proviruses. Measuring persistent HIV-1 is challenging, as ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - February 13, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Zheng Wang, Francesco R. Simonetti, Robert F. Siliciano and Gregory M. Laird Tags: Review Source Type: research
Non-coding RNAs and retroviruses
Retroviruses can cause severe diseases such as cancer and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A unique feature in the life cycle of retroviruses is that their RNA genome is reverse transcribed into double-stra... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - February 9, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Xu Zhang, Xiancai Ma, Shuliang Jing, Hui Zhang and Yijun Zhang Tags: Review Source Type: research
Assessment of the gorilla gut virome in association with natural simian immunodeficiency virus infection
Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) of chimpanzees and gorillas from Central Africa crossed the species barrier at least four times giving rise to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) groups M, N, O ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - February 5, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Mirela D ’arc, Carolina Furtado, Juliana D. Siqueira, Héctor N. Seuánez, Ahidjo Ayouba, Martine Peeters and Marcelo A. Soares Tags: Research Source Type: research
Beyond the replication-competent HIV reservoir: transcription and translation-competent reservoirs
Recent years have seen a substantial increase in the number of tools available to monitor and study HIV reservoirs. Here, we discuss recent technological advances that enable an understanding of reservoir dyna... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - February 2, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Amy E. Baxter, Una O ’Doherty and Daniel E. Kaufmann Tags: Review Source Type: research
Aged Chinese-origin rhesus macaques infected with SIV develop marked viremia in absence of clinical disease, inflammation or cognitive impairment
Damage to the central nervous system during HIV infection can lead to variable neurobehavioral dysfunction termed HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). There is no clear consensus regarding the neuro... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - February 1, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Stephanie J. Bissel, Kate Gurnsey, Hank P. Jedema, Nicholas F. Smith, Guoji Wang, Charles W. Bradberry and Clayton A. Wiley Tags: Research Source Type: research
Digital PCR as a tool to measure HIV persistence
Although antiretroviral therapy is able to suppress HIV replication in infected patients, the virus persists and rebounds when treatment is stopped. In order to find a cure that can eradicate the latent reserv... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 30, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Sofie Rutsaert, Kobus Bosman, Wim Trypsteen, Monique Nijhuis and Linos Vandekerckhove Tags: Review Source Type: research
HIV evolution and diversity in ART-treated patients
Characterizing HIV genetic diversity and evolution during antiretroviral therapy (ART) provides insights into the mechanisms that maintain the viral reservoir during ART. This review describes common methods u... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 30, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Gert van Zyl, Michael J. Bale and Mary F. Kearney Tags: Review Source Type: research
Episomal HIV-1 DNA and its relationship to other markers of HIV-1 persistence
Reverse transcription of HIV-1 results in the generation of a linear cDNA that serves as the precursor to the integrated provirus. Other classes of extrachromosomal viral cDNA molecules can be found in acutely... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 30, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Javier Martinez-Picado, Ryan Zurakowski, Mar ía José Buzón and Mario Stevenson Tags: Review Source Type: research
What do we measure when we measure cell-associated HIV RNA
Cell-associated (CA) HIV RNA has received much attention in recent years as a surrogate measure of the efficiency of HIV latency reversion and because it may provide an estimate of the viral reservoir size. Th... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 29, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Alexander O. Pasternak and Ben Berkhout Tags: Review Source Type: research
Prediction of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) from three genetic features of envelope gp120 glycoprotein
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains an important and yet potentially underdiagnosed manifestation despite the fact that the modern combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has achieved effec... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 27, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Masato Ogishi and Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi Tags: Research Source Type: research
New windows into retroviral RNA structures
The multiple roles of both viral and cellular RNAs have become increasingly apparent in recent years, and techniques to model them have become significantly more powerful, enabling faster and more accurate vis... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 25, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Dhivya Jayaraman and Julia Claire Kenyon Tags: Review Source Type: research
Ribosome profiling of the retrovirus murine leukemia virus
The retrovirus murine leukemia virus (MuLV) has an 8.3 kb RNA genome with a simple 5 ′-gag-pol-env-3′ architecture. Translation of the pol gene is dependent upon readthrough of the gag UAG stop codon; whereas the (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 22, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Nerea Irigoyen, Adam M. Dinan, Ian Brierley and Andrew E. Firth Tags: Short report Source Type: research
