HIV-1 Tat phosphorylation on Ser-16 residue modulates HIV-1 transcription
HIV-1 transcription activator protein Tat is phosphorylated in vitro by CDK2 and DNA-PK on Ser-16 residue and by PKR on Tat Ser-46 residue. Here we analyzed Tat phosphorylation in cultured cells and its functi... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - May 23, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Andrey Ivanov, Xionghao Lin, Tatiana Ammosova, Andrey V. Ilatovskiy, Namita Kumari, Hatajai Lassiter, Nowah Afangbedji, Xiaomei Niu, Michael G. Petukhov and Sergei Nekhai Tags: Research Source Type: research
Replacement of feline foamy virus bet by feline immunodeficiency virus vif yields replicative virus with novel vaccine candidate potential
Hosts are able to restrict viral replication to contain virus spread before adaptive immunity is fully initiated. Many viruses have acquired genes directly counteracting intrinsic restriction mechanisms. This ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - May 16, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Carmen Ledesma-Feliciano, Sarah Hagen, Ryan Troyer, Xin Zheng, Esther Musselman, Dragana Slavkovic Lukic, Ann-Mareen Franke, Daniel Maeda, J örg Zielonka, Carsten Münk, Guochao Wei, Sue VandeWoude and Martin Löchelt Tags: Research Source Type: research
Efficacies of Cabotegravir and Bictegravir against drug-resistant HIV-1 integrase mutants
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are the class of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs most recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of HIV-1 infections. INSTIs block the strand transfer reaction cata... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - May 16, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Steven J. Smith, Xue Zhi Zhao, Terrence R. Burke Jr. and Stephen H. Hughes Tags: Research Source Type: research
HIV latency reversing agents act through Tat post translational modifications
Different classes of latency reversing agents (LRAs) are being evaluated to measure their effects in reactivating HIV replication from latently infected cells. A limited number of studies have demonstrated add... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - May 11, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Georges Khoury, Talia M. Mota, Shuang Li, Carolin Tumpach, Michelle Y. Lee, Jonathan Jacobson, Leigh Harty, Jenny L. Anderson, Sharon R. Lewin and Damian F. J. Purcell Tags: Research Source Type: research
CLIP-related methodologies and their application to retrovirology
Virtually every step of HIV-1 replication and numerous cellular antiviral defense mechanisms are regulated by the binding of a viral or cellular RNA-binding protein (RBP) to distinct sequence or structural ele... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - May 2, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Paul D. Bieniasz and Sebla B. Kutluay Tags: Review Source Type: research
Reconstruction of a replication-competent ancestral murine endogenous retrovirus-L
About 10% of the mouse genome is composed of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) that represent a molecular fossil record of past retroviral infections. One such retrovirus, murine ERV-L (MuERV-L) is an env-deficient ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - May 2, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Daniel Blanco-Melo, Robert J. Gifford and Paul D. Bieniasz Tags: Research Source Type: research
The HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax is modified by the ubiquitin related modifier 1 (Urm1)
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive malignancy secondary to chronic human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 infection, triggered by the virally encoded oncoprotein Tax. The transforming activity an... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - April 17, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Rita Hleihel, Behzad Khoshnood, Ingrid Dacklin, Hayssam Omran, Carine Mouawad, Zeina Dassouki, Marwan El-Sabban, Margret Shirinian, Caroline Grabbe and Ali Bazarbachi Tags: Short report Source Type: research
HIV-1 protease with leucine zipper fused at N-terminus exhibits enhanced linker amino acid-dependent activity
HIV-1 protease (PR) activation is triggered by Gag-Pol dimerization. Premature PR activation results in reduced virion yields due to enhanced Gag cleavage. A p6* transframe peptide located directly upstream of... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - April 14, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Fu-Hsien Yu and Chin-Tien Wang Tags: Research Source Type: research
New World feline APOBEC3 potently controls inter-genus lentiviral transmission
The apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3; A3) gene family appears only in mammalian genomes. Some A3 proteins can be incorporated into progeny virions and inhibit lentivir... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - April 10, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Yoriyuki Konno, Shumpei Nagaoka, Izumi Kimura, Keisuke Yamamoto, Yumiko Kagawa, Ryuichi Kumata, Hirofumi Aso, Mahoko Takahashi Ueda, So Nakagawa, Tomoko Kobayashi, Yoshio Koyanagi and Kei Sato Tags: Research Source Type: research
Total HIV DNA: a global marker of HIV persistence
Among the different markers of HIV persistence in infected cells, total HIV DNA is to date the most widely used. It allows an overall quantification of all viral forms of HIV DNA in infected cells, each playin... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - April 3, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Christine Rouzioux and V éronique Avettand-Fenoël Tags: Review Source Type: research
Why was PERV not transmitted during preclinical and clinical xenotransplantation trials and after inoculation of animals?
Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are present in the genome of all pigs, they infect certain human cells and therefore pose a special risk for xenotransplantation using pig cells, tissues and organs. Xen... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - April 2, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Joachim Denner Tags: Review Source Type: research
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in an era of stalled HIV prevention: Can it change the game?
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention has evolved significantly over the years where clinical trials have now demonstrated the efficacy of oral PrEP, and the field is scaling-up implementation. Th... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - April 2, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Robyn Eakle, Francois Venter and Helen Rees Tags: Review Source Type: research
Six-helix bundle completion in the distal C-terminal heptad repeat region of gp41 is required for efficient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
The native pre-fusion structure of gp120/gp41 complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was recently revealed. In the model, the helices of gp41 ( α6, α7, α8, and α9) form a four-helix collar underneath trime... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - April 2, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Dehua Liu, Hongyun Wang, Mizuki Yamamoto, Jiping Song, Rui Zhang, Qingling Du, Yasushi Kawaguchi, Jun-ichiro Inoue and Zene Matsuda Tags: Research Source Type: research
A CRISPR screen for factors regulating SAMHD1 degradation identifies IFITMs as potent inhibitors of lentiviral particle delivery
The InterFeron Induced TransMembrane (IFITM) proteins are interferon stimulated genes that restrict many viruses, including HIV-1. SAMHD1 is another restriction factor blocking replication of HIV-1 and other v... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - March 20, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Ferdinand Roesch, Molly OhAinle and Michael Emerman Tags: Research Source Type: research
An RNA-binding compound that stabilizes the HIV-1 gRNA packaging signal structure and specifically blocks HIV-1 RNA encapsidation
NSC260594, a quinolinium derivative from the NCI diversity set II compound library, was previously identified in a target-based assay as an inhibitor of the interaction between the HIV-1 ( ψ) stem-loop 3 (SL3) ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - March 14, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Carin K. Ingemarsdotter, Jingwei Zeng, Ziqi Long, Andrew M.L. Lever and Julia C. Kenyon Tags: Research Source Type: research
