DNA topoisomerase 1 represses HIV-1 promoter activity through its interaction with a guanine quadruplex present in the LTR sequence
Once integrated in the genome of infected cells, HIV-1 provirus is transcribed by the cellular transcription machinery. This process is regulated by both viral and cellular factors, which are necessary for an ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - May 30, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Mar ía José Lista, Anne-Caroline Jousset, Mingpan Cheng, Violaine Saint-André, Elouan Perrot, Melissa Rodrigues, Carmelo Di Primo, Danielle Gadelle, Elenia Toccafondi, Emmanuel Segeral, Clarisse Berlioz-Torrent, Stéphane Emiliani, Jean-Louis Mergny an Tags: Review Source Type: research
Conformational antigenic heterogeneity as a cause of the persistent fraction in HIV-1 neutralization
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) protect against HIV-1 acquisition in animal models and show promise in treatment of infection. They act by binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), thereby blocking its ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - May 27, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Philippe Colin, Rajesh P. Ringe, Anila Yasmeen, Gabriel Ozorowski, Thomas J. Ketas, Wen-Hsin Lee, Andrew B. Ward, John P. Moore and P. J. Klasse Tags: Research Source Type: research
Reduced CCR5 expression among Uganda HIV controllers
Several mechanisms including reduced CCR5 expression, protective HLA, viral restriction factors, broadly neutralizing antibodies, and more efficient T-cell responses, have been reported to account for HIV cont... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - May 25, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Brian Nyiro, Sharon Bright Amanya, Alice Bayiyana, Francis Wasswa, Eva Nabulime, Alex Kayongo, Immaculate Nankya, Gerald Mboowa, David Patrick Kateete and Obondo James Sande Tags: Research Source Type: research
Intestinal endothelial cells increase HIV infection and latency in resting and activated CD4 + T cells, particularly affecting CCR6 + CD4 + T cells
With suppressive antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection is well-managed in most patients. However, eradication and cure are still beyond reach due to latent viral reservoirs in CD4 + T cells, particularly in ly... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - May 18, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Jessica Eddy, Fisher Pham, Rachel Chee, Esther Park, Nathan Dapprich, Stacy L. DeRuiter and Anding Shen Tags: Research Source Type: research
Origin and functional role of antisense transcription in endogenous and exogenous retroviruses
Most proteins expressed by endogenous and exogenous retroviruses are encoded in the sense (positive) strand of the genome and are under the control of regulatory elements within the 5 ’ long terminal repeat (LT... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - May 16, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Fabio Romerio Tags: Review Source Type: research
Attenuation of reverse transcriptase facilitates SAMHD1 restriction of HIV-1 in cycling cells
SAMHD1 is a deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase that restricts replication of HIV-1 in differentiated leucocytes. HIV-1 is not restricted in cycling cells and it has been proposed that this is due to phosphory... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - May 1, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Ming-Han C. Tsai, Sarah J. Caswell, Elizabeth R. Morris, Melanie C. Mann, Simon Pennell, Geoff Kelly, Harriet C. T. Groom, Ian A. Taylor and Kate N. Bishop Tags: Research Source Type: research
Biomolecular condensates: insights into early and late steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle
A rapidly evolving understanding of phase separation in the biological and physical sciences has led to the redefining of virus-engineered replication compartments in many viruses with RNA genomes. Condensatio... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - April 7, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Francesca Di Nunzio, Vladimir N. Uversky and Andrew J. Mouland Tags: Review Source Type: research
HIV-1 subtype C Nef-mediated SERINC5 down-regulation significantly contributes to overall Nef activity
Nef performs multiple cellular activities that enhance HIV-1 pathogenesis. The role of Nef-mediated down-regulation of the host restriction factor SERINC5 in HIV-1 pathogenesis is not well-defined. We aimed to... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - March 31, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Delon Naicker, Nelson Sonela, Steven W. Jin, Takalani Mulaudzi, Doty Ojwach, Tarylee Reddy, Mark A. Brockman, Zabrina L. Brumme, Thumbi Ndung ’u and Jaclyn K. Mann Tags: Research Source Type: research
HIV-1 infection of renal epithelial cells: 30 years of evidence from transgenic animal models, human studies and in vitro experiments
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased life expectancy in people with HIV-1 (PWH), acute and chronic kidney disease remain common in this population and are associated with poor outcomes. A broad ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - March 16, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Maria Blasi and Mary Klotman Tags: Review Source Type: research
HIV infection of non-classical cells in the brain
HIV-associated neurological disorders (HAND) affect up to 50% of people living with HIV (PLWH), even in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). HIV-DNA can be detected in the cerebral spinal flui... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - January 13, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Angela Wahl and Lena Al-Harthi Tags: Review Source Type: research
An endogenous lentivirus in the germline of a rodent
Lentiviruses (genus Lentivirus) are complex retroviruses that infect a broad range of mammals, including humans. Unlike many other retrovirus genera, lentiviruses have only rarely been incorporated into the mamma... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - December 20, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Roziah Kambol, Anna Gatseva and Robert J. Gifford Tags: Research Source Type: research
A detailed analysis of F-MuLV- and SFFV-infected cells in Friend virus-infected mice reveals the contribution of both F-MuLV- and SFFV-infected cells to the interleukin-10 host response
Friend virus (FV) is a complex of the Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) and the replication-defective, pathogenic spleen focus forming virus (SFFV). In the past, we used a fluorescently labeled F-MuLV to a... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - December 16, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Philip Podschwadt, Anna Malyshkina, Sonja Windmann, Tanja Werner, Wiebke Hansen and Wibke Bayer Tags: Research Source Type: research
A large population sample of African HIV genomes from the 1980s reveals a reduction in subtype D over time associated with propensity for CXCR4 tropism
We present 109 near full-length HIV genomes amplified from blood serum samples obtained during early 1986 from across Uganda, which to our knowledge is the earliest and largest population sample from the initi... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - December 13, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Heather E. Grant, Sunando Roy, Rachel Williams, Helena Tutill, Bridget Ferns, Patricia A. Cane, J. Wilson Carswell, Deogratius Ssemwanga, Pontiano Kaleebu, Judith Breuer and Andrew J. Leigh Brown Tags: Review Source Type: research
Pericyte infection by HIV-1: a fatal attraction
While HIV-1 is primarily an infection of CD4 + T cells, there is an emerging interest towards understanding how infection of other cell types can contribute to HIV-associated comorbidities. For HIV-1 to cross ... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - December 7, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Oandy Naranjo, Silvia Torices, Paul R. Clifford, Manav T. Daftari, Olivia M. Osborne, Nikolai Fattakhov and Michal Toborek Tags: Review Source Type: research
Modulation of human endogenous retroviruses and cytokines expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from autistic children and their parents
Putative pathogenic effects mediated by human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in neurological and psychiatric disorders in humans have been extensively described. HERVs may alter the development of the brain b... (Source: Retrovirology)
Source: Retrovirology - November 30, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Chiara Cipriani, Martina Giudice, Vita Petrone, Marialaura Fanelli, Antonella Minutolo, Martino T. Miele, Nicola Toschi, Christian Maracchioni, Martina Siracusano, Arianna Benvenuto, Antonella Coniglio, Paolo Curatolo, Luigi Mazzone, Grelli Sandro, Enrico Tags: Research Source Type: research
