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Mitochondrial nucleic acids in innate immunity and beyond
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 December 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01121-xMitochondrial nucleic acids (mt-NAs) play a crucial role in activating various innate immune signaling pathways and are associated with numerous human diseases. Downregulation of mt-NAs or their downstream receptors often alleviates interferon signature. Recent studies reveal that mt-NAs can also serve as key mediators of signaling between mitochondria and the nucleus, thereby contributing to cell physiology. In particular, studies have shown that mt-NAs can stimulate beige adipocyte development in young mice, which has...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - December 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jimin Yoon Sujin Kim Mihye Lee Yoosik Kim Source Type: research

Spatiotemporal characterization of glial cell activation in an Alzheimer’s disease model by spatially resolved transcriptomics
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 December 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01123-9Researchers used spatially resolved transcriptomic analysis to study spatiotemporal patterns of disease progression in 5XFAD Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse models. They found that initial molecular changes related to glial cell activation occurred in white matter (WM) before gray matter (GM) changes. The study also identified distinct activation patterns of microglia and astrocytes that change with AD progression. These findings provide insights into the pathophysiology of AD and could help identify potential molecula...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - December 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hongyoon Choi Eun Ji Lee Jin Seop Shin Hyun Kim Sungwoo Bae Yoori Choi Dong Soo Lee Source Type: research

Aortic aneurysms: current pathogenesis and therapeutic targets
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 December 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01130-wAortic aneurysms, a chronic aortic disease, can lead to life-threatening consequences. Recent advancements in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of aortic aneurysms have focused on the source of therapeutic targets. The heterogeneity of aortic cells during the progress of an aortic aneurysm is augmented by the alteration of gene expression that changes the phenotype and function of the aortic cells. Inflammatory cells, cytokines production, matrix metalloproteinases, smooth muscle cells phenotypic switching...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - December 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Min Ji Cho Mi-Ran Lee Jong-Gil Park Source Type: research

Precise base editing without unintended indels in human cells and mouse primary myoblasts
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 December 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01128-4Researchers have found a method to enhance the precision of gene editing (manipulation of genes), lowering the probability of unwanted genetic changes. The research, directed by D.E.Y and K.K, reviewed the implementation of an enzyme system named CRISPR/Cas9, capable of being programmed to target certain genes in living organisms. Nevertheless, the researchers detected an issue: the enzyme occasionally led to unexpected insertions or removals in the DNA sequences at the target locations. To rectify this, the group subst...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - December 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Da Eun Yoon Na-Rae Kim Soo-Ji Park Tae Yeong Jeong Bokkee Eun Yongcheol Cho Soo-Yeon Lim Hyunji Lee Je Kyoung Seong Kyoungmi Kim Source Type: research

Microbial underdogs: exploring the significance of low-abundance commensals in host-microbe interactions
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 December 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01120-yA new study reveals low-abundance commensals play key roles in host physiology. These microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protozoa, establish mutualistic relationships with the host and impact various phenotypes such as immune activation, disease occurrence, social behavior, and protection against pathogenic infections. Interactions between these microorganisms and other commensal bacteria in their niche also occur. Further research is needed to explore the potential of low-abundance microbes as dise...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - December 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Geongoo Han Shipra Vaishnava Source Type: research

Disruption of cholesterol homeostasis triggers periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 December 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01122-wHypercholesterolemia, a type of hyperlipidemia, has been identified as a key factor in the development of periodontitis. This groundbreaking study by Tran et al. uncovers the complex mechanisms behind this association, revealing how an excess of cholesterol can trigger periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss. The researchers found that cholesterol dysregulation in periodontal cells, caused by increased CXCL16-mediated cholesterol influx and production of oxysterol metabolites by CH25H, stimulates the release of ...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - December 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Thanh-Tam Tran Gyuseok Lee Yun Hyun Huh Ki-Ho Chung Sun Young Lee Ka Hyon Park Seung Hee Kwon Min-Suk Kook Jang-Soo Chun Jeong-Tae Koh Je-Hwang Ryu Source Type: research

Piezo channels in the urinary system: Correspondence
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 December 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01124-8Piezo channels in the urinary system: Correspondence (Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine)
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - December 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Shuaishuai Hu Xudong Yao Source Type: research

Author Correction: Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR attenuates replicative cell senescence and improves cellular function via regulating the STAT3-PIM1 axis in human cardiac progenitor cells
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 27 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01127-5Author Correction: Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR attenuates replicative cell senescence and improves cellular function via regulating the STAT3-PIM1 axis in human cardiac progenitor cells (Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine)
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - November 27, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ji Hye Park Na Kyoung Lee Hye Ji Lim Seung taek Ji Yeon-Ju Kim Woong Bi Jang Da Yeon Kim Songhwa Kang Jisoo Yun Jong seong Ha Hyungtae Kim Dongjun Lee Sang Hong Baek Sang-Mo Kwon Source Type: research

Understanding nucleic acid sensing and its therapeutic applications
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 09 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01118-6The study highlights the role of nucleic acid sensors in recognizing and destroying microbes, and their potential as targets for cancer therapy and autoimmune disease treatment. Researchers found that modifying these sensors can improve the efficiency of mRNA vaccines and reduce their immunogenicity. Additionally, understanding the crosstalk between different nucleic acid sensing pathways can help develop new optimization strategies for cancer immunotherapy. These findings pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches t...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - November 9, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ling-Zu Kong Seok-Min Kim Chunli Wang Soo Yun Lee Se-Chan Oh Sunyoung Lee Seona Jo Tae-Don Kim Source Type: research

Caveolin-1 mediates the utilization of extracellular proteins for survival in refractory gastric cancer
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 02 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01109-7A new study reveals that Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is specifically expressed in the most malignant SEM-type gastric cancer (GC), and CAV1-driven endocytosis is a critical survival mechanism of malignant GC. Researchers found that chloroquine (CQ), an anti-malarial drug known to block endocytosis, effectively induced cell death in CAV1-positive SEM-type GC cells by impairing lysosomal activity and extracellular nutrient uptake. In patient-derived organoids and mouse models, CQ treatment significantly reduced tumor growth and imp...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - November 2, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Nahee Hwang Bo Kyung Yoon Kyu-Hye Chun Hyeonhui Kim Yoseob Lee Jae-Won Kim Hyeonuk Jeon Tae-Hyun Kim Mi-Young Kim Sungsoon Fang Jae-Ho Cheong Jae-woo Kim Source Type: research

HMGB1 induces hepcidin upregulation in astrocytes and causes an acute iron surge and subsequent ferroptosis in the postischemic brain
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01111-zResearchers have discovered that the High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) protein plays a key role in the regulation of iron levels in the brain, which can contribute to the severity of stroke damage. The study found that blocking HMGB1 function with an anti-HMGB1 antibody or HMGB1 A box suppressed ferroptosis, a type of cell death, in the post-ischemic brain. This finding suggests that targeting HMGB1 could potentially mitigate ischemic brain damage by reducing iron accumulation and subsequent ferroptosis in neurons. The ...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - November 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Dashdulam Davaanyam Hahnbi Lee Song-I Seol Sang-A Oh Seung-Woo Kim Ja-Kyeong Lee Source Type: research

PLCγ1 in dopamine neurons critically regulates striatal dopamine release via VMAT2 and synapsin III
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01104-yDopamine release is significantly increased in mice lacking the phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) enzyme in their dopamine neurons, according to a study by researchers at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology. The team found that PLCγ1 conditional knockout mice exhibited normal dopamine neuron development and cellular structures, but showed enhanced dopamine release. This was potentially due to increased localization of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) and synapsin III in dopaminergic axons. The fin...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - November 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hye Yun Kim Jieun Lee Hyun-Jin Kim Byeong Eun Lee Jaewook Jeong Eun Jeong Cho Hyun-Jun Jang Kyeong Jin Shin Min Ji Kim Young Chan Chae Seung Eun Lee Kyungjae Myung Ja-Hyun Baik Pann-Ghill Suh Jae-Ick Kim Source Type: research

Sensing the oxygen and temperature in the adipose tissues – who’s sensing what?
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01113-xResearchers delve into the structural and functional changes in adipocytes during diet-induced obesity, which can lead to tissue hypoxia and activation of HIF. They discuss the role of HIF in various cells, including adipocytes, immune cells, and endothelial cells, in diet-induced obesity. The authors find that HIF plays a crucial role in the progression of obesity and related metabolic diseases, with potential implications for future therapeutic interventions. The review also highlights the need for further research to...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - November 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Gi-Sue Kang Hye-Ju Jo Ye-Rim Lee Taerim Oh Hye-Joon Park G-One Ahn Source Type: research

IRE1α protects against osteoarthritis by regulating progranulin-dependent XBP1 splicing and collagen homeostasis
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01106-wResearchers have discovered that the ERN1/IRE1α plays a protective role in cartilage by regulating the PGRN-dependent XBP1 splicing and collagen homeostasis. The study found that cartilage-specific deficiency of ERN1 in mice led to spontaneous osteoarthritis development and more severe cartilage damage in a surgically induced arthritis model. Furthermore, the chondroprotective effect of IRE1α was dependent on PGRN, an intracellular molecular chaperone that interacts with ERN1/IRE1α. This research provides new insight...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - November 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Li Liang Fengmei Zhang Naibo Feng Biao Kuang Mengtian Fan Cheng Chen Yiming Pan Pengfei Zhou Nana Geng Xingyue Li Menglin Xian Lin Deng Xiaoli Li Liang Kuang Fengtao Luo Qiaoyan Tan Yangli Xie Fengjin Guo Source Type: research

Single-cell characterization of macrophages in uveal melanoma uncovers transcriptionally heterogeneous subsets conferring poor prognosis and aggressive behavior
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01115-9A recent study utilized single-cell transcriptome data to explore the cellular heterogeneity of macrophages within the uveal melanoma (UM) tumor microenvironment, revealing four distinct macrophage subsets. One subset, MΦ-C4, was found to be associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor survival outcomes. The study also developed a machine-learning-based subtyping system to classify UM subtypes and predict prognosis based on MΦ-C4-specific core metagenes. This research deepens our understanding of cellular hetero...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - November 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ke Li Lanfang Sun Yanan Wang Yixin Cen Jingting Zhao Qianling Liao Wencan Wu Jie Sun Meng Zhou Source Type: research