Experimental and Molecular Medicine This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

BAP1 as a guardian of genome stability: implications in human cancer
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 03 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00979-1A protein called BAP1, which removes tags marking proteins for degradation, is an important guardian of genome stability, and understanding its function may help in developing cancer therapies. People with mutations that inactivate BAP1 function always develop at least one and often multiple cancers, but specifically how BAP1 mutations cause cancer is not well understood. Jongbum Kwon and co-workers at Ewha Womans University in Seoul, South Korea, have reviewed how BAP1 functions, focusing on DNA repair. The authors report...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - April 3, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jongbum Kwon Daye Lee Shin-Ai Lee Source Type: research

Targeting glutamine metabolism as a therapeutic strategy for cancer
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 03 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00971-9Further insights into metabolic reprogramming by cancer cells are needed to determine if targeting glutamine metabolism could be a useful therapeutic approach. Cancer cells rely on the amino acid glutamine for growth and proliferation. Glutamine is a key nitrogen source and enables the cells to synthesize critical molecules including lipids and metabolites. Blocking glutamine metabolism may be useful in treating cancers, but care must be taken due to glutamine’s multiple roles. Keun-Gyu Park and Yeon-Kyung Choi at Kyungp...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - April 3, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jonghwa Jin Jun-Kyu Byun Yeon-Kyung Choi Keun-Gyu Park Source Type: research

Cdyl2-60aa encoded by CircCDYL2 accelerates cardiomyocyte death by blocking APAF1 ubiquitination in rats
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 03 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00983-5The production of a circular RNA molecule called circCDYL2 and the protein it codes for is significantly increased in rat heart muscle cells following loss of blood supply after a heart attack, suggesting new targets for treatment. The circCDYL2 RNA carries the genetic instructions to make a small protein called Cdyl2-60aa. Shaoliang Chen and colleagues at Nanjing Medical University in China detected the increased circCDYL2 in cells from rats with heart failure, and also in cultured rat heart muscle cells experimentally de...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - April 3, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Yunfei Deng Xiaochen Zeng Yifei Lv Zhiyuan Qian Peijie Guo Yi Liu Shaoliang Chen Source Type: research

Overlooked KCNQ4 variants augment the risk of hearing loss
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 03 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00976-4A genomic survey of the general population reveals novel damaging mutations in a gene linked to this condition, and suggests that such mutations may be surprisingly common. The KCNQ4 gene plays a critical role in the hair cells that translate sounds into nerve signals, and defects in this gene contribute to adult-onset hearing loss. Kyung Seok Oh from Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, and colleagues have identified several new mutations that impair the function of KCNQ4. By characterizing how the resulting mutant prot...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - April 3, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kyung Seok Oh Jae Won Roh Sun Young Joo Kunhi Ryu Jung Ah Kim Se Jin Kim Seung Hyun Jang Young Ik Koh Da Hye Kim Hye-Youn Kim Murim Choi Jinsei Jung Wan Namkung Joo Hyun Nam Jae Young Choi Heon Yung Gee Source Type: research

Critical transition and reversion of tumorigenesis
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 03 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00969-3Examining the critical point at which healthy cells become cancerous could provide clues about how to reverse tumor development. Under specific conditions, some cancer cells can revert back to normal, healthy cell types. Dongkwan Shin and Kwang-Hyun Cho at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in Daejeon, South Korea, reviewed understanding of cancer reversion, and provide a modeling framework to identify potential reversion therapies. Reversion can occur in leukemia, but reverting cancers with solid tumor...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - April 3, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Dongkwan Shin Kwang-Hyun Cho Source Type: research

Defining regorafenib as a senomorphic drug: therapeutic potential in the age-related lung disease emphysema
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 03 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00966-6An existing drug that can inhibit the deterioration of cell activity due to aging could provide a novel treatment for the debilitating lung disease emphysema. Aging-related diseases, including emphysema, are exacerbated by cellular senescence, the loss of cell division and growth due to aging. ‘Senomorphic’ drugs could halt senescence and stop the progression of aging-related diseases. Eung-Gook Kim and Eun-Young Shin at Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea, and co-workers screened an approved drug libra...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - April 3, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jung-Jin Park Kwangseok Oh Gun-Wu Lee Geul Bang Jin-Hee Park Han-Byeol Kim Jin Young Kim Eun-Young Shin Eung-Gook Kim Source Type: research

SAMHD1-induced endosomal FAK signaling promotes human renal clear cell carcinoma metastasis by activating Rac1-mediated lamellipodia protrusion
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 03 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00961-xA protein that is overexpressed in kidney cancer drives metastasis by regulating a specific pathway, and provides a potential therapeutic target. Sunho An at Seoul National University, South Korea, and co-workers examined the role of the SAMHD1 protein in the promotion and metastasis of renal clear cell carcinoma. SAMHD1 mutations are found in multiple cancers and have been linked to resistance to chemotherapy. The team analysed extensive datasets and found that high levels of SAMHD1 expression are associated with poor pro...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - April 3, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Sunho An Tam Thuy Lu Vo Taekwon Son Hoon Choi Jinyoung Kim Juyeon Lee Byung Hoon Kim Misun Choe Eunyoung Ha Young-Joon Surh Kyu-Won Kim Ji Hae Seo Source Type: research

Glutathionylation on RNA-binding proteins: a regulator of liquid‒liquid phase separation in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 03 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00978-2The addition of peptide tags to proteins implicated in neurodegeneration can alter the ways in which disease-causing aggregates form inside brain cells. Kiyoung Kim and colleagues from Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea, review how molecular changes made to RNA-binding proteins associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can affect the dynamics by which these proteins assemble inside liquid-like compartments within the cell. One such change, known as glutathionylation, involves the addition of antioxidant ...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - April 3, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hyun-Jun Choi Ji Young Lee Kiyoung Kim Source Type: research

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles subvert Th17 cells by destabilizing RORγt through posttranslational modification
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 24 March 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00949-7Tiny membrane-bound vesicles derived from certain stem cells could provide effective therapy for a range of autoimmune conditions. Adult or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow, fat, and other tissues have shown promise in immunotherapy which is associated with the secretion of biomolecule-laden structures known as extracellular vesicles. Chung-Gyu Park, Seoul National University, South Korea, and colleagues have now helped clarify a likely therapeutic mechanism. The authors showed marked relief of symptoms in ...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - March 24, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Sunho Lee Sunyoung Jung Hyun Je Kim Sueon Kim Ji Hwan Moon Hyunwoo Chung Seong-Jun Kang Chung-Gyu Park Source Type: research

Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA release and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 24 March 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00965-7Cytosolic DNA activates the cGAS-STING pathway which mediates inflammation and antiviral response. One source of cytosolic DNA is ‘self ‘ DNA, such as mitochondrial DNA. Studies of how mitochondria can release DNA and trigger dangerous immune responses are revealing potential treatments for inflammatory diseases. Cells isolate DNA in their nuclei and mitochondria, but if this ‘self-DNA’ leaks out, it triggers the same immune responses that the body uses to fight DNA from viruses or bacteria. Jeonghan Kim at The Cat...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - March 24, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jeonghan Kim Ho-Shik Kim Jay H. Chung Source Type: research

Corticosteroids reduce pathologic interferon responses by downregulating STAT1 in patients with high-risk COVID-19
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 20 March 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00964-8The ability of corticosteroid drugs to alleviate extreme inflammation in severe cases of COVID-19 is linked to their reduction of the gene expression that is stimulated by interferon, an immunological cytokine protein. Interferon is crucial for a healthy immune response, but when produced in excess it can play a central role in causing damaging inflammation. Hyun-Woo Jeong at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany, and colleagues in South Korea compared the activity of genes involved in the i...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - March 20, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hyun-Woo Jeong Jeong Seok Lee Jae-Hoon Ko Seunghee Hong Sang Taek Oh Seongkyun Choi Kyong Ran Peck Ji Hun Yang Seok Chung Sung-Han Kim Yeon-Sook Kim Eui-Cheol Shin Source Type: research

CAR links hypoxia signaling to improved survival after myocardial infarction
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 20 March 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00963-9During a heart attack the death of heart muscle cells causes lesions that transform into fibrotic tissue. Restricting the damage is critical, as mamalian heart muslce does not regenerate. The cell contact protein CAR, is upregulated in tissue surrounding lesions, but it has remained unclear if this part of the pathology or an attempt to contain the lesion. Michael Gotthardt at the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Berlin, Germany, and co-workers, examined CAR’s role following heart attack in CAR-inactivated ...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - March 20, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Fabian Freiberg Meghna Thakkar Wiebke Hamann Jacobo Lopez Carballo Rene J üttner Felizia K. Voss Peter M. Becher Dirk Westermann Carsten Tsch öpe Arnd Heuser Oliver Rocks Robert Fischer Michael Gotthardt Source Type: research

Single-cell sequencing reveals that endothelial cells, EndMT cells and mural cells contribute to the pathogenesis of cavernous malformations
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 13 March 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00962-wSequencing all the RNA in single cells has provided clues to the development of cavernous malformations (CMs), small clusters of thin-walled misshapen blood vessels in the brain or nervous system. CMs can result in hemorrhage or neurological symptoms, and their causes are poorly understood. A team led by Yibo Wang at Peking Union Medical College and Hongqi Zhang and Tao Hong at Capital Medical University in Beijing, China, sequenced all the RNA in over 100,000 single cells from samples from CM patients and healthy controls...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - March 13, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jian Ren Xiao Xiao Ruofei Li Cheng Lv Yu Zhang Leiming Wang Tao Hong Hongqi Zhang Yibo Wang Source Type: research

Levosimendan inhibits disulfide tau oligomerization and ameliorates tau pathology in TauP301L-BiFC mice
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 13 March 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00959-5The discovery that an already approved drug can disrupt tau protein aggregation in cultured cells and live mice could guide the development of new therapies for Alzheimer’s. Tau plays an important role in organizing the internal structure of neurons, but in neurodegenerative disease is seen to form abnormal assemblies that are toxic to cells. Researchers led by Ae Nim Pae and Yun Kyung Kim at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea have devised an assay that allowed them to identify agents that ...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - March 13, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Sungsu Lim Seulgi Shin Yoonsik Sung Ha Eun Lee Kyu Hyeon Kim Ji Yeon Song Gwan-Ho Lee Hira Aziz Nataliia Lukianenko Dong Min Kang Nicolette Boesen Hyeanjeong Jeong Aizhan Abdildinova Junghee Lee Byung-Yong Yu Sang Min Lim Jun-Seok Lee Hoon Ryu Ae Nim Pae Source Type: research

Increased retinoic acid signaling decreases lung metastasis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma by inhibiting the noncanonical Notch1 pathway
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 06 March 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00957-7Treatment of salivary gland tumors with a metabolite of vitamin A could help prevent rare cancer from spreading to the lungs. A team led by Xiao-hong Chen and Lu Kong from Capital Medical University in Beijing, China, performed extensive molecular profiling on primary and metastatic tumor cells taken from two patients with advanced salivary gland cancer. Even though these patients’ cancers did not harbor either of two common mutations that are hallmarks of the disease, both of which drive tumor proliferation and spread, ...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - March 6, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Meng-jiao Zhou Jia-jie Yang Ting-yao Ma Ge-xuan Feng Xue-lian Wang Li-Yong Wang Yu-ze Ge Ran Gao Hong-liang Liu Lin Shan Lu Kong Xiao-hong Chen Source Type: research