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Origin of congenital coronary arterio-ventricular fistulae from anomalous epicardial and myocardial development
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 18 January 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00913-xInsights from animal models highlight specific disturbances in early heart development as a likely point of origin for the formation of coronary artery fistulas (CAF), abnormal linkages between one of the coronary arteries and other regions of the heart. Children born with such defects are at heightened risk of serious heart problems. Using chick and mouse embryos, José Pérez-Pomares at the University of Málaga in Spain revealed a mechanism by which CAFs may arise in humans. Early in development, the heart muscle that...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - January 18, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: P. Palmquist-Gomes A. Ruiz-Villalba J. A. Guadix J. P. Romero B. Bessi éres D. MacGrogan L. Conejo A. Ortiz B. Picazo L. Houyel D. G ómez-Cabrero S. M. Meilhac J. L. de la Pompa J. M. P érez-Pomares Source Type: research

RGS2 promotes estradiol biosynthesis by trophoblasts during human pregnancy
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 18 January 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00927-zPre-eclampsia can arise from mutations that affect the production of estradiol, a hormone with a critical role in sustaining the placenta during fetal development. Roughly one in 20 pregnancies are affected by this complication, which can put both mother and child at risk and typically manifests as high blood pressure and elevated levels of protein in the urine. The causes of pre-eclampsia are poorly understood, but Chao Tang of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, and colleagues have now linked this ...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - January 18, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chao Tang Meiyuan Jin Bingbing Ma Bin Cao Chao Lin Shouying Xu Jiayong Li Qiang Xu Source Type: research

Lineage tracking to reveal the fate of hematopoietic stem cells influenced by Flk2− multipotent progenitors after transplantation
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 13 January 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00922-wGenetic barcoding technology reveals how a specific group of progenitor cells regulates the fate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the precursors of blood cells, following bone marrow transplantation. HSCs are used in bone marrow transplantation to boost blood regeneration in leukemia patients. HSCs differentiate into different groups of mature blood cells, which then form a ‘feedback loop’, influencing the fate of HSCs. The first descendants of HSCs are multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs), which are frequently tra...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - January 13, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Zheng Wang Du Jiang Mary Vergel-Rodriguez Anna Nogalska Rong Lu Source Type: research

Micrococcus luteus-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate neutrophilic asthma by regulating miRNAs in airway epithelial cells
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 13 January 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00910-0Tiny membrane-bound sacs released by bacteria and containing a variety of biomolecules show potential as a novel treatment for asthma. These sacs, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), are released by all living cells. Some bacterial EVs have been found to influence the immune response in animal models and asthmatic patients. Researchers in South Korea led by Youngwoo Choi and Hae-Sim Park at Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, demonstrated the beneficial effects of EVs from Micrococcus luteus bacteria on neutrop...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - January 13, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Soyoon Sim Dong-Hyun Lee Kwang-sun Kim Hyeon Ju Park Yoon-Keun Kim Youngwoo Choi Hae-Sim Park Source Type: research

Inhibiting nighttime melatonin and boosting cortisol increase patrolling monocytes, phagocytosis, and myelination in a murine model of multiple sclerosis
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 13 January 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00925-1Regulating melatonin levels holds promise as a therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS), but treatment must be tailored to each individual. In MS, the immune system destroys the myelin sheath surrounding nerves, disturbing brain–body communication. Melatonin, a sleep-inducing hormone, is known to play a role in MS, but results so far are inconsistent. Serge Rivest at Laval University in Québec City, Canada, and coworkers investigated how melatonin affects particular brain cell types in a mouse model. They found that mainta...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - January 13, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Majid Ghareghani Vincent Pons Nataly Laflamme Kazem Zibara Serge Rivest Source Type: research

USP15 promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension in a YAP1/TAZ-dependent manner
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 12 January 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00920-yAn enzyme that plays a key role in a serious heart condition provides insights into disease progression and possible treatment routes. Pulmonary hypertension occurs when the walls of the pulmonary arteries, which deliver blood from the heart to the lungs, thicken and stiffen due to excessive growth of smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), increasing pressure in the arteries. Yong Qi and Li Wei at Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital in Zhengzhou, China, and co-workers examined the role of the ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - January 12, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Zhuhua Wu Li Zhu Xinran Nie Li Wei Yong Qi Source Type: research

Epithelial plasticity enhances regeneration of committed taste receptor cells following nerve injury
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 11 January 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00924-8Studies in mice reveal details of how taste receptor cells in the mouth can regenerate to restore the sense of taste after nerve injury, with implications for understanding and perhaps treating nerve damage affecting taste in humans. Taste receptor cells normally survive between 8 and 24 days and are continually renewed in a process requiring contact with a healthy nerve. Han-Sung Jung and colleagues, at Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, found that cutting the relevant nerves in mice caused some of the existing ta...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - January 11, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Anish Ashok Adpaikar Jong-Min Lee Dong-Joon Lee Hye-Yeon Cho Hayato Ohshima Seok Jun Moon Han-Sung Jung Source Type: research

Catecholamine induces Kupffer cell apoptosis via growth differentiation factor 15 in alcohol-associated liver disease
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 11 January 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00921-xThe interplay between neurochemical, metabolic, and immunological processes helps to control inflammatory damage to the liver arising from chronic alcohol consumption. Catecholamine is a neurotransmitter that is also produced outside the brain, including by microbiome in the gut. Researchers in South Korea led by Won-Il Jeong of the Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Daejeon, and Won Kim at Seoul National University have shown how this molecule contributes to the protective response against alcohol-induced...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - January 11, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hee-Hoon Kim Young-Ri Shim Sung Eun Choi Myung-Ho Kim Giljae Lee Hyun Ju You Won-Mook Choi Keungmo Yang Tom Ryu Kyurae Kim Min Jeong Kim Chaerin Woo Katherine Po Sin Chung Song Hwa Hong Hyuk Soo Eun Seok-Hwan Kim GwangPyo Ko Jong-Eun Park Bin Gao Won Kim Source Type: research

Dnmt1/Tet2-mediated changes in Cmip methylation regulate the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by controlling the Gbp2-Pparγ-CD36 axis
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 06 January 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00919-5Changes in the chemical modifications of a gene involved in immune cell development and associated with the metabolic disease lead to the activation of a signaling pathway that promotes the onset and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This metabolic disorder can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Several studies have tentatively linked C-Maf-inducing protein (Cmip) to NAFLD. Researchers led by Jin-Taek Hwang and Hyo-Kyoung Choi of the Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea, have now...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - January 6, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jangho Lee Ji-Hye Song Jae-Ho Park Min-Yu Chung Seung-Hyun Lee Sae-Bom Jeon So Hee Park Jin-Taek Hwang Hyo-Kyoung Choi Source Type: research

PRPF8 increases the aggressiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating FAK/AKT pathway via fibronectin 1 splicing
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 06 January 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00917-7The overexpression of a splicing-related protein is directly linked to tumour aggressiveness in liver cancer, suggesting a potential treatment target. mRNA splicing is a celullar process that enables a single gene to generate multiple differerent proteins. However, in cancers aberrant gene splicing can facilitate disease progression and tumour growth. In experiments on human samples, cell lines and animal models, Manuel D. Gahete at the Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Spain, and co-workers inves...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - January 6, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Juan L. L ópez-Cánovas Natalia Herm án-Sánchez Mercedes del Rio-Moreno Antonio C. Fuentes-Fayos Araceli Lara-L ópez Marina E. S ánchez-Frias V íctor Amado Rub én Ciria Javier Brice ño Manuel de la Mata Justo P. Casta ño Manuel Rodriguez-Per álv Source Type: research

Cdon suppresses vascular smooth muscle calcification via repression of the Wnt/Runx2 Axis
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 06 January 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00909-7Researchers in South Korea have identified a molecular signaling pathway that suppresses calcium build-up (calcification) of muscle tissue in blood vessels, opening a new avenue for preventing health problems such as atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Young-Eun Leem, Jong-Sun Kang and colleagues at Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, investigated the role of a glycoprotein (a protein-carbohydrate combination) called Cdon, a ‘cell adhesion molecule’ involved in binding cells to other cells. In studies i...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - January 6, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Byeong-Yun Ahn Yideul Jeong Sunghee Kim Yan Zhang Su Woo Kim Young-Eun Leem Jong-Sun Kang Source Type: research

Endothelial senescence in vascular diseases: current understanding and future opportunities in senotherapeutics
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 04 January 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00906-wCells that stop proliferating but remain metabolically active offer a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of age-related vascular diseases. Yeaeun Han and Sung Young Kim from Konkuk University School of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, review the ways in which cellular senescence, the process by which damaged cells enter irreversible growth arrest, but stay alive and continue to secrete substances that damage surrounding tissues, contributes to blood vessel problems as people age. These so-called ‘zombie’ c...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - January 4, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Yeaeun Han Sung Young Kim Source Type: research

Dynamic network biomarker identifies cdkn1a-mediated bone mineralization in the triggering phase of osteoporosis
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 04 January 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00915-9New techniques that allow researchers to visualize gene network activation in time-lapse have revealed a key gene implicated in the earliest phase of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis affects millions worldwide, but most cases are only diagnosed after a bone has been broken and significant bone loss has already occurred. A method for detecting the pre-disease phase could help in preventing severe disease. Weiming Guo at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, and co-workers mapped gene activation over time to detect the genes inv...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - January 4, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Weiming Guo Peng Jin Ruomei Li Lu Huang Zhen Liu Hairui Li Ting Zhou Bing Fang Lunguo Xia Source Type: research

Grave-to-cradle: human embryonic lineage tracing from the postmortem body
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 04 January 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00912-yIdentifying all the precursors of an individual cell, called lineage tracing, is allowing researchers to gain a new level of understanding of human development. Cells naturally accumulate non-harmful mutations over their lifetime. Using whole-genome sequencing of individual cells, researchers can track accumulation of these mutations as cells divide and migrate, to make a cell-level map of development. Ji Won Oh at Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, and co-workers have reviewed recent developmen...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - January 4, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Seock Hwan Choi Eu Jeong Ku Yujin Angelina Choi Ji Won Oh Source Type: research

Inhibition of miR338 rescues cleidocranial dysplasia in Runx2 mutant mice partially via the Hif1a-Vegfa axis
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 04 January 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00914-wA tiny RNA with a role in adult osteoporosis may also offer a useful therapeutic target for a category of congenital disorders that impair bone development throughout life. Children born with cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) exhibit osteoporosis and other skeletal abnormalities. CCD is specifically linked to mutations in a gene called RUNX2. Zhi Chen and Huan Liu of Wuhan University in China have now shown that RUNX2 is negatively regulated by miR338 cluster, a pair of short, non-protein-coding RNAs associated with postmeno...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - January 4, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Runze Jin Hanshu Zhang Chujiao Lin Jinqiang Guo Weiguo Zou Zhi Chen Huan Liu Source Type: research