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ALKBH5 facilitates CYP1B1 mRNA degradation via m6A demethylation to alleviate MSC senescence and osteoarthritis progression
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01059-0The age-related modification of adult stem cells, known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), could be targeted to alleviate the progression of osteoarthritis. The deterioration of cellular functions due to aging (or ‘senescence’) of MSCs is linked to the development of diseases including osteoarthritis. A common RNA modification in mammal cells, m6A, plays vital roles in cellular functioning. Guiwen Ye at Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, China, and co-workers used patient cell lines and mouse models to show that m6A l...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - August 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Guiwen Ye Jinteng Li Wenhui Yu Zhongyu Xie Guan Zheng Wenjie Liu Shan Wang Qian Cao Jiajie Lin Zepeng Su Dateng Li Yunshu Che Shuai Fan Peng Wang Yanfeng Wu Huiyong Shen Source Type: research

Establishment of a humanized mouse model of keloid diseases following the migration of patient immune cells to the lesion: Patient-derived keloid xenograft (PDKX) model
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01045-6An improved animal model could lead to new treatments for keloids, abnormally heightened scarring responses that can occur after recovery from skin injury. These poorly understood scars occur only occur in humans, and existing animal models are based on immunodeficient mice. This is a serious drawback, given that immune cell invasion appears to be an important contributor to keloid formation. Researchers led by Mi La Cho and Jung Ho Lee at The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, have devised an improved model that addres...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - August 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: A Ram Lee Seon-Yeong Lee Jeong Won Choi In Gyu Um Hyun Sik Na Jung Ho Lee Mi-La Cho Source Type: research

Enhancement of the SESN2-SHP cascade by melatonin ameliorates hepatic gluconeogenesis by inhibiting the CRBN-BTG2-CREBH signaling pathway
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 24 July 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01040-xThe identification of a fundamental signalling process regulated by melatonin that can prevent excessive liver glucose metabolism during diabetes may offer a novel therapeutic approach. Both fasting and diabetic states trigger the elevation of a particular signalling pathway that significantly increases liver glucose metabolism, or ‘hepatic gluconeogenesis’, resulting in a rise in blood sugar levels. In experiments on mouse models and human patients, Yong Deuk Kim at Kyungpook National University in Daegu, South Korea, ...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - July 24, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Seungwon An Balachandar Nedumaran Hong Koh Dong Jin Joo Hyungjo Lee Chul-Seung Park Robert A. Harris Keong Sub Shin Ali R. Djalilian Yong Deuk Kim Source Type: research

Author Correction: Transcriptional regulation of Glis2 in hepatic fibrosis
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 21 July 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01061-6Author Correction: Transcriptional regulation of Glis2 in hepatic fibrosis (Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine)
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - July 21, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Huan-Yu Gong Peng-Cheng Zhou Hao-Ye Zhang Li-Min Chen Yang-Mei Zhou Zhen-Guo Liu Source Type: research

Nicotinamide enhances osteoblast differentiation through activation of the mitochondrial antioxidant defense system
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 18 July 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01041-wA form of vitamin B3 called nicotinamide (NAM) has potential to prevent or treat bone diseases related to oxidative stress by boosting production of anti-oxidant enzymes. Mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) during normal metabolism. If these ROS are not countered by enough anti-oxidants, oxidative stress can decrease production of bone-building cells called osteoblasts, leading to bone aging and osteoporosis. Hyun-Mo Ryoo and Woo-Jin Kim at Seoul National University in South Kore...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - July 18, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Heein Yoon Seung Gwa Park Hyun-Jung Kim Hye-Rim Shin Ki-Tae Kim Young-Dan Cho Jae-I Moon Min-Sang Park Woo-Jin Kim Hyun-Mo Ryoo Source Type: research

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): a condition exemplifying the crosstalk of the gut–liver axis
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 18 July 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01042-9Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) combined with a rare liver disorder should be classed as a separate health condition, with researchers in the USA calling for extensive research. Patients with IBD and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a severe liver condition involving the inflammation, scarring and eventual blocking of bile ducts, frequently suffer serious complications, including cancer. However, the pathogenesis of PSC-IBD is unclear. Sungjin Ko and colleagues at the University of Pittsburgh, USA, reviewed PSC-IBD an...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - July 18, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: You Sun Kim Edward H. Hurley Yoojeong Park Sungjin Ko Source Type: research

Wg/Wnt1 and Erasp link ER stress to proapoptotic signaling in an autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa model
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 18 July 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01044-7A Drosophila fly model of an inherited form of the eye disease retinitis pigmentosa has revealed a signaling and control pathway involving the intracellular endoplasmic reticulum structure that leads to cell death. Retinitis pigmentosa is an age-related disease of the retina of the eye, leading to progressive vision loss. It is known to involve dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum, which, among other functions crucial for cell health, is essential for the synthesis of many proteins. Researchers in South Korea led by Min...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - July 18, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jung-Eun Park Jiyoun Lee Soonhyuck Ok Seunghee Byun Eun-Ju Chang Sung-Eun Yoon Young-Joon Kim Min-Ji Kang Source Type: research

MicroRNA: trends in clinical trials of cancer diagnosis and therapy strategies
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 10 July 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01050-9The discovery of microRNAs' critical role in tumor development has sparked numerous clinical trials focused on evaluating their potential as biomarkers and targets for anti-cancer therapies. Taewan Kim from Shenzhen University, China, and Carlo Croce from The Ohio State University in Columbus, USA, summarize the various ongoing and completed trials aimed at determining whether cancer-linked microRNAs found in blood or tissues can serve as accurate predictors of cancer development or drug efficacy. The researchers discuss th...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - July 10, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Taewan Kim Carlo M. Croce Source Type: research

Where should siRNAs go: applicable organs for siRNA drugs
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 10 July 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00998-yRefining the design and delivery of RNA-based drugs could improve the chances of targeting diseases in complex organs. Gene expression is regulated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which bind to messenger RNA sequences, preventing subsequent gene expression. Drugs based on siRNA show promise as safe and specialised for multiple diseases. Jinju Han and co-workers at the Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology in Daejeon, South Korea, reviewed the current status of siRNA drugs. Five siRNAs approved by the US Fo...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - July 10, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Insook Ahn Chanhee S. Kang Jinju Han Source Type: research

Emerging roles of tRNA-derived small RNAs in cancer biology
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 10 July 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01038-5A type of small RNA has been shown to be associated with cancer and neurological disorders, and could be used in treatment. Small noncoding RNAs, just a few tens of nucleotides in length, have been referred to as the “dark matter of the genome”, playing unexpected roles in gene regulation. Hak Kyun Kim at Chung-Ang University in Seoul, South Korea, and co-workers reviewed research into tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), which are produced when transfer RNA molecules are cleaved by enzymes. More than a hundred types of ts...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - July 10, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Saebyeol Lee Jungeun Kim Paul N. Valdmanis Hak Kyun Kim Source Type: research

Knife’s edge: Balancing immunogenicity and reactogenicity in mRNA vaccines
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 10 July 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00999-xResearchers must clarify all aspects of immune responses to and side effects of mRNA vaccines so that they can be used against multiple diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic drove mRNA vaccine development, with the accelerated rollout of Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines. A team led by Eui Ho Kim (Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam) and Jae-Hwan Nam (Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon) reviewed understanding of mRNA vaccine immune responses using mainly data from COVID vaccinations. The first dose of these cost-effective life...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - July 10, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jisun Lee Matthew C. Woodruff Eui Ho Kim Jae-Hwan Nam Source Type: research

RNA therapy
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 10 July 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01051-8RNA therapy (Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine)
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - July 10, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Young-Kook Kim Source Type: research

Ablation of the deubiquitinase USP15 ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 03 July 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01036-7A protein that tags other proteins for destruction causes the accumulation of fat in the liver in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although NAFLD affects ~25% of the global population and can progress to life-threatening liver disease, the only available treatment is weight loss. Kyung-Hee Chun at Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea, and co-workers found high levels of the protein USP15 in liver tissues from mice fed a high-fat diet and patients with NAFLD. Further experimentation showed that ...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - July 3, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jung-Hwan Baek Myung Sup Kim Hye Ryeon Jung Min-Seon Hwang Chan-ho Lee Dai Hoon Han Yong-ho Lee Eugene C. Yi Seung-Soon Im Ilseon Hwang Kyungeun Kim Joon-Yong Chung Kyung-Hee Chun Source Type: research

TXNIP: A key protein in the cellular stress response pathway and a potential therapeutic target
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 03 July 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01019-8A protein with the potential to fuel uncontrolled inflammation and cell death could offer a target for a variety of metabolic, neurodegenerative, and other diseases. The cellular redox system is a set of reactions that helps prevent accumulation of toxic byproducts of metabolism. Stressful conditions lead to the activation of the TXNIP protein, an inhibitor of the redox system, and Eui-Hwan Choi and Sun-Ji Park at the Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, South Korea, have reviewed how TXNIP contributes to diverse ...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - July 3, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Eui-Hwan Choi Sun-Ji Park Source Type: research

LY6D is crucial for lipid accumulation and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 03 July 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01033-wA gene implicated in regulating fat accumulation in the liver offers a potential new target for the treatment and prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A research team from South Korea led by Chang-Myung Oh (Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology) and Sangkyu Park (Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) showed that liver tissue taken from mice with diet-induced obesity had elevated expression of Ly6d, a gene also found to be more active in the livers of people with NAFLD. By manipulating levels...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - July 3, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jibeom Lee Hyeonhui Kim Yun-Won Kang Yumin Kim Moon-young Park Ji-Hong Song Yunju Jo Tam Dao Dongryeol Ryu Junguee Lee Chang-Myung Oh Sangkyu Park Source Type: research