Experimental and Molecular Medicine This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Versatile roles of innate lymphoid cells at the mucosal barrier: from homeostasis to pathological inflammation
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 11 September 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01022-zCells of the immune system called innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) patrol the soft ‘mucosal’ tissues lining the respiratory, digestive and reproductive organs, where they can be involved in both the recovery from and development of disease. Researchers in South Korea led by Hye Young Kim at Seoul National University, review recent advances in understanding the biology of ILCs in mucosal tissue health and disease. ILCs are part of the innate immune system, which elicits immediate and general responses to infection and d...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - September 11, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Seungwon Ryu MinYeong Lim Jinwoo Kim Hye Young Kim Source Type: research

Unconventional immune cells in the gut mucosal barrier: regulation by symbiotic microbiota
This study highlights the essential role of microbiota in regulating the maintenance and function of ILC subsets and unconventional T cells in the gut. Microbial colonization influences cytokine production, affecting ILC function in barrier maintenance and protection against pathogens. Additionally, microbiota-derived antigens shape MAIT and iNKT cell populations, with their activity finely regulated by a combination of metabolites and local cytokines influenced by the microbiota. Understanding these interactions could lead to innovative strategies for enhancing gut health and effectively treating immune-mediated diseases....
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - September 11, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ji-Sun Yoo Sungwhan F. Oh Source Type: research

Invariant natural killer T cells in lung diseases
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 11 September 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01024-xA small subset of immune cells residing in the lung plays a pivotal part in governing the inflammatory response in a range of pulmonary disorders. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells monitor the blood vessels in the lung for infection or other sources of tissue damage, which cause the cells to release chemical signals that rally a broader immune response. Doo Hyun Chung of Seoul National University, South Korea, and colleagues review the complex role of iNKT cells in determining the severity and outcome of respirat...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - September 11, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Dongjin Jeong Yeon Duk Woo Doo Hyun Chung Source Type: research

The modulation of pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cell function in asthma: from inflammatory mediators to environmental and metabolic factors
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 11 September 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01021-0A subset of immune cells discovered in 2010 plays a prominent role in asthma, but the nature of their influence is unclear. T cells are the main drivers of the inflammatory response in asthma, but scientists have learned that another group of immune cells known as ‘group 2 innate lymphoid cells’ (ILC2s) also plays a role. Christina Li-Ping Thio and Ya-Jen Chang at the Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, have reviewed current knowledge of how ILC2s interact with other cells and tissues to influence asthma pathophysiolo...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - September 11, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Christina Li-Ping Thio Ya-Jen Chang Source Type: research

Double-edged sword: γδ T cells in mucosal homeostasis and disease
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 11 September 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00985-3A small population of highly active immune cells known as γδ T cells protect mucosal tissue, which lines interior body parts that contact the exterior (such as lungs, mouth, and stomach) against pathogens, but can also cause diseases. Mucosal surfaces, with their high pathogen exposure, require especially good immune protection. Heung Kyu Lee and co-workers at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea, have reviewed the helpful and harmful effects of these little-studied cells. Thes...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - September 11, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: In Kang Yumin Kim Heung Kyu Lee Source Type: research

Microbiota-dependent regulation of costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways via innate immune sensors and implications for immunotherapy
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 11 September 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01075-0"Microbiota-dependent regulation of costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways via innate immune sensors and implications for immunotherapy," highlights the role of commensal microbes in immune cell regulation. Researchers have demonstrated that certain human bacteria and their products can influence abundance and differentiation of immune cells in the colon, small intestine, and other organs. The host immune system can sense the presence of certain gut microbes through evolutionarily conserved proteins, which can bind to...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - September 11, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Joon Seok Park Francesca S. Gazzaniga Dennis L. Kasper Arlene H. Sharpe Source Type: research

Deciphering the complexities of mucosal innate lymphocytes: guardians and potential therapeutic targets
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 11 September 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01092-zDeciphering the complexities of mucosal innate lymphocytes: guardians and potential therapeutic targets (Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine)
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - September 11, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hye Young Kim Ji Hyung Kim Source Type: research

Scalable production of tissue-like vascularized liver organoids from human PSCs
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 September 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01074-1A unique 3D approach results in an organoid, a laboratory-grown miniature organ model, with high cellular complexity that closely mimics the three-dimensional structure and functions of the liver. The Sullivan lab at Oslo University Hospital, Norway, and co-workers have developed an approach to create liver organoids that results in cellular diversity and is not reliant on costly growth factors or extracellular matrices . They used suspension culture system, in which human pluripotent stem cells self-aggregate into 3D ...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - September 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Sean P. Harrison Richard Siller Yoshiaki Tanaka Maria Eugenia Chollet Mar ía Eugenia de la Morena-Barrio Yangfei Xiang Benjamin Patterson Elisabeth Andersen Carlos Bravo-P érez Henning Kempf Kathrine S. Åsrud Oleg Lunov Alexandr Dejneka Marie-Christine Source Type: research

Pancreatic β-cell mitophagy as an adaptive response to metabolic stress and the underlying mechanism that involves lysosomal Ca2+ release
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 September 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01055-4A mechanism for eliminating damaged mitochondria in insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells provides an important safeguard against the onset of metabolic dysfunction and diabetes. Researchers have long suspected that this process, known as mitophagy, is essential to ß-cell survival and function, but past studies have yielded conflicting results. Myung-Shik Lee of Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea, and colleagues have reviewed current knowledge about how mitophagy is regulated, focusing on a protein calle...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - September 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Soo-Jin Oh Kihyoun Park Seong Keun Sonn Goo Taeg Oh Myung-Shik Lee Source Type: research

Lipid remodeling of adipose tissue in metabolic health and disease
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 September 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01071-4Large-scale analyses of lipid composition and distribution in body fat (adipose tissue) have the potential to revolutionize the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders associated with obesity. Yun-Hee Lee from Seoul National University, South Korea, and colleagues review the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying lipid synthesis, breakdown, and redistribution, both in healthy and diseased states. Advances in ‘lipidomics’, the analysis of the complete set of lipids and their reactions, have helped to illu...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - September 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Yoon Keun Cho Sumin Lee Jaewon Lee Junsang Doh Joo-Hong Park Young-Suk Jung Yun-Hee Lee Source Type: research

CircFam190a: a critical positive regulator of osteoclast differentiation via enhancement of the AKT1/HSP90β complex
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 September 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01085-yA newly discovered circular RNA molecule that promotes development of bone-degrading osteoclast cells offers a promising target for preventing skeletal degeneration in conditions like osteoporosis. Osteoclasts play a critical role in maintaining healthy bone density but excess activity can lead to eroded and fragile bone tissue. Several studies have suggested that gene-regulating circular RNAs play a role in osteoclast development, and Kun Chen of the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, and colleagues...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - September 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kun Chen Xi Chen Chuandong Lang Xingshi Yuan Junming Huang Zhi Li Mingyou Xu Kerong Wu Chenhe Zhou Qidong Li Chen Zhu Lianxin Liu Xifu Shang Source Type: research

Drug conjugates for targeting regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment: guided missiles for cancer treatment
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 September 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01080-3Targeted drug delivery systems offer a promising strategy for specifically depleting immune cells in the tumor environment known as regulatory T cells (Treg) that dampen the body’s anti-cancer responses and promote tumor growth. Juwon Yang and Hyunsu Bae from Kyung Hee University in Seoul, South Korea, review how potent cytotoxic drugs linked to targeting molecules can help to eliminate Treg cells in the tumor vicinity without the off-target effects that can cause systemic side effects. Diverse types of drug designs ...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - September 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Juwon Yang Hyunsu Bae Source Type: research

A new era of macrophage-based cell therapy
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 September 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01068-zTreating disease with the white blood cells called macrophages, in some cases genetically modified, could become an effective clinical option for a range of diseases. Macrophages are cells of the innate (non-specific) immune system that can destroy diseased cells or damaging materials. They can also enhance tissue repair by releasing growth factors and anti-inflammatory molecules. Seung Hyeok Seok and colleagues at Seoul National University in South Korea review the laboratory research and clinical trials that are inve...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - September 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Yi Rang Na Sang Wha Kim Seung Hyeok Seok Source Type: research

Structure-based drug discovery of a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 antagonist using an X-ray free-electron laser
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 September 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01082-1Structural studies of complexes of a receptor protein for corticotropin-releasing hormone and specific small molecules could guide the development of new antidepressants and drugs for stress-related diseases. The activity of the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 protein has been associated with many human diseases, including psychiatric disorders, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, cardiovascular conditions and neurodegeneration. Hoyoung Kim at Yonsei University in Seoul, South Korea, utilized X-ray free electron...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - September 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hoyoung Kim Taehyun Lim Go Eun Ha Jee-Young Lee Jun-Woo Kim Nienping Chang Si Hyun Kim Ki Hun Kim Jaeick Lee Yongju Cho Byeong Wook Kim Alva Abrahamsson Sung Hwan Kim Hyo-Ji Kim Sehan Park Sang Jae Lee Jaehyun Park Eunji Cheong B. Moon Kim Hyun-Soo Cho Source Type: research

The stress-responsive protein REDD1 and its pathophysiological functions
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 01 September 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01056-3The gene that codes for the REDD1 protein is activated by a variety of cellular stresses, including metabolic imbalance and DNA damage; REDD1’s effect on various aspects of cellular activities contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Researchers in South Korea led by Young-Myeong Kim at Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, review the cellular functions, molecular mechanisms, and disease-causing actions of REDD1. They assess the extensive evidence on the mechanisms by which REDD1 acts as a detrimental fact...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - September 1, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ji-Yoon Kim Young-Guen Kwon Young-Myeong Kim Source Type: research