Microbiota-dependent regulation of costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways via innate immune sensors and implications for immunotherapy

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Published online: 11 September 2023; doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01075-0"Microbiota-dependent regulation of costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways via innate immune sensors and implications for immunotherapy," highlights the role of commensal microbes in immune cell regulation. Researchers have demonstrated that certain human bacteria and their products can influence abundance and differentiation of immune cells in the colon, small intestine, and other organs. The host immune system can sense the presence of certain gut microbes through evolutionarily conserved proteins, which can bind to specific bacterial molecules. The host-microbiota interaction leads to changes in expression of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules, shaping immunity in various contexts. The gut microbiota is linked to responses to cancer immunotherapy and its adverse effects via costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways. Understanding these immunomodulatory mechanisms could lead to the development of therapies for a wide range of diseases.
Source: Experimental and Molecular Medicine - Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Source Type: research