Driving Behavior during Left-Turn Maneuvers at Intersections on Left-Hand Traffic Roads
This study aims to clarify the features of driver behavior focusing on drivers' gaze, vehicle speed, and time to collision (TTC) during left turns at intersections on left-hand traffic roads. Herein, experiments with a sedan and light-duty truck (< 7.5 tons GVW) are conducted under four conditions: no pedestrian dummy (No-P), near-side pedestrian dummy (Near-P), far-side pedestrian dummy (Far-P) and near-and-far side pedestrian dummies (NF-P). For NF-P, sedans have a significantly shorter gaze time for left-side mirrors compared with light-duty trucks. The light-duty truck's average speed at the initial line to the inte...
Source: Stapp Car Crash Journal - April 25, 2024 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Yasuhiro Matsui Masashi Narita Shoko Oikawa Source Type: research
Evaluation of DAMAGE Algorithm in Frontal Crashes
Stapp Car Crash J. 2024 Apr 17;67:171-179. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWith the current trend of including the evaluation of the risk of brain injuries in vehicle crashes due to rotational kinematics of the head, two injury criteria have been introduced since 2013 - BrIC and DAMAGE. BrIC was developed by NHTSA in 2013 and was suggested for inclusion in the US NCAP for frontal and side crashes. DAMAGE has been developed by UVa under the sponsorship of JAMA and JARI and has been accepted tentatively by the EuroNCAP. Although BrIC in US crash testing is known and reported, DAMAGE in tests of the US fleet is relatively unkno...
Source: Stapp Car Crash Journal - April 25, 2024 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Priya Prasad Saeed D Barbat Anil Kalra Dainius J Dalmotas Source Type: research
Frontal-Crash Occupant Protection in the Rear Seat: Submarining and Abdomen/Pelvis Response in Midsized Male Surrogates
Stapp Car Crash J. 2024 Apr 17;67:112-170. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFrontal-crash sled tests were conducted to assess submarining protection and abdominal injury risk for midsized male occupants in the rear seat of modern vehicles. Twelve sled tests were conducted in four rear-seat vehicle-bucks with twelve post-mortem human surrogates (PMHS). Select kinematic responses and submarining incidence were compared to previously observed performance of the Hybrid III 50th-percentile male and THOR-50M ATDs (Anthropomorphic Test Devices) in matched sled tests conducted as part of a previous study. Abdominal pressure was measu...
Source: Stapp Car Crash Journal - April 25, 2024 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Allison J Guettler Samuel T Bianco Devon L Albert David M Boyle Andrew R Kemper Warren N Hardy Source Type: research
Investigation of THOR-AV 5F Biofidelity in Sled Test Conditions with A Semi-Rigid Seat
Stapp Car Crash J. 2024 Apr 17;67:78-111. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTHOR-AV 5F, a modified THOR-5F dummy, was designed to represent both upright and reclined occupants in vehicle crashworthiness studies. The dummy was evaluated in four test conditions: a) 25° seatback, 15 km/h, b) 25° seatback, 32 km/h, c) 45° seatback, 15 km/h, d) 45° seatback, 32 km/h. The dummy's biomechanical responses were compared against those of postmortem human subjects (PMHS) tested in the same test conditions. The latest National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) BioRank method was used to provide a biofidelity ranking score ...
Source: Stapp Car Crash Journal - April 25, 2024 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Z Jerry Wang John Humm Hans W Hauschild Source Type: research
Comparison of Adult Female and Male PMHS Pelvis and Lumbar Response to Underbody Blast
This study provides evidence supporting the need for female biomechanical testing to generate female response and injury thresholds. Without the inclusion of female PMHS, the differences in the injury patterns between the small female and midsized male groups would not have been recognized. Standard scaling methods assume equivalent injury patterns between the experimental and scaled data. In this study, small female damage occurred in a different anatomical structure than for the midsized males. This is an important discovery for the development of anthropomorphic test devices, injury criteria, and injury mitigating techn...
Source: Stapp Car Crash Journal - April 25, 2024 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Hollie Pietsch Danielle Cristino Kerry Danelson John Bolte Matthew Mason Andrew Kemper John Cavanaugh Warren Hardy Source Type: research
Examination of Crash Injury Risk as a Function of Occupant Demographics
This study, like others, provides evidence of certain female-specific injuries. The most problematic of these are AIS 2+ and AIS 3+ upper-extremity and lower-extremity injuries. These are among the most frequently observed injuries for females, and their incidence is consistently greater than for males. Overall, the odds of females sustaining MAIS 3+ (or fatality) are 4.5% higher than the odds for males, while the odds of females sustaining MAIS 2+ (or fatality) are 33.9% higher than those for males. The analyses highlight the need to carefully control for both the vehicle occupied, and the other involved vehicle, when cal...
Source: Stapp Car Crash Journal - April 25, 2024 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Dainius Dalmotas Aline Chouinard Jean-Louis Comeau Alan German Glenn Robbins Priya Prasad Source Type: research
How would autonomous vehicles behave in real-world crash scenarios?
This study presents a novel approach to assess the safety of AVs using in-depth crash data, with a particular focus on real-world crash scenarios. First, based on the high-definition video recording of the whole process prior to the crash occurrences, 453 real-world crashes involving 596 passenger cars from China In-depth Mobility Safety Study-Traffic Accident (CIMSS-TA) database were reconstructed. Pertinent static and dynamic elements needed for the construction of the testing scenarios were extracted. Subsequently, 596 testing scenarios were created via each passenger car's perspective within the simulation platform. Fo...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - April 24, 2024 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Rui Zhou Guoqing Zhang Helai Huang Zhiyuan Wei Hanchu Zhou Jielin Jin Fangrong Chang Jiguang Chen Source Type: research
Unraveling the impact of fog on driver behavior in highway tunnel entrances: A field experiment
CONCLUSION: The study suggests a high risk associated with driving in the entrance area of highway tunnels during foggy conditions, particularly after entering the tunnel. This situation significantly increases drivers' visual and psychological load. Furthermore, the effectiveness of retro-reflective facilities diminishes. Therefore, employing more self-illuminated or actively illuminated visual guiding facilities is recommended to aid drivers in acquiring traffic information.PMID:38656910 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2024.2319333 (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - April 24, 2024 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Shiming He Zhigang Du Lei Han Wenyi Jiang Fangtong Jiao Aojun Ma Source Type: research
The association between single and dual use of cannabis and alcohol and driving under the influence and riding with an impaired driver in a large sample of Canadian adolescents
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights that all students, regardless of substance use, are at risk of IDR, but students engaged in dual use of alcohol and cannabis face an elevated risk compared to both peers who do not use substances and those who use only a single substance. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted interventions that address the risks associated with IDR.PMID:38656911 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2024.2342571 (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - April 24, 2024 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Mahmood R Gohari Karen A Patte Tara Elton-Marshall Adam Cole Anne-Marie Turcotte-Tremblay Richard B élanger Scott T Leatherdale Source Type: research
Real-world crash configurations and traffic violations among newly licensed young drivers with different route familiarity levels
CONCLUSIONS: Several basic aspects of targeted countermeasures can be put forward. Visual impacts such as rectangular rapid-flashing beacon (RRFB) can be used in order to prevent wrong way driving on the tourist roadways. Arranging safety talks and programs in colleges and universities and technical interventions like Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) can be used to reduce young drivers' driving distraction and overconfidence. It is recommended that the driving schools can use these research findings to include in licensure program to make young drivers more aware of the various factors that expose them to crash ri...
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - April 24, 2024 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Gang Xue Lian Liu Source Type: research
Analysis of the elderly pedestrian traffic accidents in urban scenarios: the case of the Spanish municipalities
In this study, the focus was on analysing the occurrence of elderly pedestrian-vehicle collisions in Spanish municipalities and how it is related to the built environment. The study used the hurdle negative binomial model to analyse the number of elderly and non-elderly pedestrian accidents per municipality in 2016-2019. The exploratory analysis showed that cities above 50,000 inhabitants were safer for the elderly, and larger provincial capitals had lower elderly pedestrian traffic accident rates. The occurrence of all pedestrian traffic accidents was linked to the socio-demographic features. For elderly pedestrians, land...
Source: International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion - April 22, 2024 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Daniel G álvez-Pérez Bego ña Guirao Armando Ortu ño Source Type: research
Evaluating the crash risk of powered two-wheelers in urban mixed traffic environments: a conflict threshold perspective
This study uses the extreme value theory to estimate the crash risk after establishing the conflict thresholds for potential rear-end and side-swipe conflicts by accounting for interacting vehicle types. The study considers four vehicle pairs involving PTWs: PTW-PTW, PTW-MThW (motorized three-wheeler), PTW-Car, and PTW-Bus. The study found that the conflict thresholds corresponding to rear-end and side-swipe types increase with the interacting vehicle size. The crash risk is lowest for the PTW-PTW pair (0.315%) in rear-end conflicts, whereas the risk is the highest for the PTW-MThW pair (3.7%) in side-swipe conflicts. The ...
Source: International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion - April 22, 2024 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Shivasai Samalla Pranab Kar Mallikarjuna Chunchu Source Type: research
Comparison of frontal crash compatibility metrics between battery-electric and internal-combustion-engine passenger vehicles
CONCLUSION: Overall, this study indicates that current BEVs are not excessively aggressive in terms of stiffness metrics for frontal crash compatibility compared with ICE vehicles.PMID:38648010 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2024.2337126 (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - April 22, 2024 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Becky C Mueller Matthew L Brumbelow Haden Bragg Jessica S Jermakian Source Type: research
Prediction of rear-seat belt use: Application of extended theory of planned behavior
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this paper contribute to more effective recommendations to improve the use of rear seat belts and to safeguard rear seat passengers.PMID:38648014 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2024.2341384 (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - April 22, 2024 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Lihua Liu Jianrong Liu Source Type: research
Delays in blood collection and drug toxicology results among crash-involved drivers arrested for impaired driving
CONCLUSIONS: Crash severity and the time of day at which a crash occurs can result in delays in the collection of blood specimens after impaired driving arrests. Because drugs often continue to be metabolized and eliminated between arrest and biological specimen collection, measured concentrations may not represent the concentrations of drugs that were present at the time of driving. This has the potential to affect drug-impaired driving prosecution, particularly in jurisdictions whose laws specify per se impairment thresholds.PMID:38648016 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2024.2333918 (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - April 22, 2024 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Jana M Price Ryan C Smith Amy K Miles Turan A Kayagil Source Type: research
