An XGBoost approach to detect driver visual distraction based on vehicle dynamics
CONCLUSIONS: The research results indicate that the steering wheel angle and vehicle sideslip angle may be more conducive to identifying distractions. This XGBoost model could potentially be applied in advanced driving assistant systems (ADAS) to warn driver and reduce cellphone involved distracted driving.PMID:37272712 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2023.2218513 (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - June 5, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Yongqiang Guo Hua Ding Xingxing ShangGuan Source Type: research
Silent failure detection in partial automation as a function of visual attentiveness
CONCLUSIONS: The simulated glance response time distributions can be used in more sophisticated ways when combined with other data. The glance response time probability may be conditioned on other variables like time on task, time of day, prevalence of the current behavior for this driver, or other variables. Given the flexibility of sequence analysis and the methods it supports (clustering, HMMs), future studies may benefit from its application to gaze behavior and driving performance data.PMID:37267000 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2022.2151308 (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - June 2, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Chris Schwarz John Gaspar Cher Carney Pujitha Gunaratne Source Type: research
Empirical examination of interdependent relationship between usage of seatbelt restraint system and driver-injury severity of single-vehicle crashes in Thailand using a joint econometric analysis
CONCLUSIONS: Neglecting the hidden endogenous effect in statistical analyses could result in an overestimation of the impact of seat belt usage on crash-injury outcomes. The findings of this study can provide valuable insights for relevant authorities aiming to improve driver safety.PMID:37266974 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2023.2218511 (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - June 2, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Chamroeun Se Thanapong Champahom Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha Source Type: research
A novel method for the automated simulation of various vehicle collisions to estimate crash severity
Conclusions: The novel method allows for the 2 D computation of various car-to-car and car-to-object collisions. Using predefined IRF allows the assessment of injury probabilities relative to the change of collision severity parameters. Both can be used for the virtual assessment of injury mitigation capabilities of active safety systems and thus represent an important contribution to its targeted development.PMID:37267002 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2022.2159761 (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - June 2, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Pascal Breitlauch Christian T Erbsmehl Michiel van Ratingen Jorge L Mallada Volker Sandner Niels Ferson Martin Urban Source Type: research
Analysis of injury mechanism and thoracic response of elderly, small female PMHS in near-side impact scenarios
CONCLUSIONS: This research points to two areas of concern that likely require further analysis: (1) the appropriateness of potentially oversimplified PMHS testing to establish injury thresholds and define injury criteria for complicated crash scenarios; (2) the importance of identifying the precise timing of injuries to better understand the effect of current passive restraint systems.PMID:37267001 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2022.2160198 (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - June 2, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: John Bolte Clare Fibbi Angela C Tesny Yun-Seok Kang Amanda M Agnew Benjamin K Shurtz Bengt Pipkorn Heather Rhule Kevin Moorhouse Source Type: research
Characterizing neck and spinal response in booster seated reclined children in frontal impacts
CONCLUSION: These findings show similarities in neck, spine, and lumbar responses between the 60° reclined condition with BPB and PPT and the 25° and 45° conditions without the same countermeasures. This study highlights the need for future restraint developments to protect moderate and severe reclined BPB-seated child occupants.PMID:37267004 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2023.2188985 (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - June 2, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: H Hauschild J Humm J Maheshwari V Graci Source Type: research
Abdominal biofidelity assessment of 5th percentile female ATD responses relative to recently developed belt and bar loading corridors
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the THOR-05F BRS scores were better than the HIII-05F BRS scores, which suggests improved biofidelity of the THOR-05F abdomen. The abdominal insert in the HIII-05F did not provide enough room for compression, leading to higher stiffness and occupant motion as observed in the rigid bar tests. Because of practical challenges in measuring abdomen deflection in a soft ATD abdomen component, use of APTS in THOR-05F provides the ability to measure the restraint loading to the abdomen and assess the risk of abdominal injury. With good BRS scores observed in this study for THOR-05F, pressure and other measure...
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - June 2, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Rakshit Ramachandra Jason Stammen Yun-Seok Kang Erin Hutter Laura Watkins Kevin Moorhouse Source Type: research
Multi-sensor driver monitoring for drowsiness prediction
CONCLUSIONS: The addition of physiological measures added a small amount of accuracy to the model performance. Models trained on observational ratings of drowsiness detected drowsiness earlier than those based only on Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, making them more timely in detecting the onset of drowsiness.PMID:37267009 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2023.2164839 (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - June 2, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Chris Schwarz John Gaspar Reza Yousefian Source Type: research
How certain are we that our automated driving system is safe?
CONCLUSIONS: If results show that the uncertainty is too high, the proposed method allows answering questions like "How much more data do we need?" or "How many more (virtual) simulations must be conducted?" Therefore, the method can be used to set requirements on the amount of data and the number of (virtual) simulations. For a reliable risk estimate, though, much more data are needed than those used in the case study. Furthermore, because the method relies on (virtual) simulations, the reliability of the result depends on the validity of the models used in the simulations. The presented case study illustrates that the pr...
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - June 2, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Erwin de Gelder Olaf Op den Camp Source Type: research
Modeling driver behavior in critical traffic scenarios for the safety assessment of automated driving
CONCLUSION: Realistic driver behavior in simulations can be achieved by using SCM. Especially in the presented critical scenarios SCM is able to represent real-world driving behavior which is determined particularly by its gaze behavior and subsequent reaction. Driving performance varies over different SCM agents which mean that different driving behavior can be simulated with SCM as well. However, the investigation in this paper included only three real-world cases. Therefore, further critical, and additionally non-critical scenarios need to be investigated in the future.PMID:37267008 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2023.2211187 (...
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - June 2, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Alexandra Fries Ludwig Lemberg Felix Fahrenkrog Marcus Mai Arun Das Source Type: research
Thoracic responses and injuries to male postmortem human subjects (PMHS) in rear-facing seat configurations in high-speed frontal impacts
Conclusions: The majority of rib fractures occurred after peak AP chest compression and peak seatback force, especially in FDR25, ABTS45, and FDR45, while the PMHS ramped up along the seatback. AP chest compression, seatback load, and strain measured along the rib could not explain the greater NRF in the 45-degree recline conditions. A complex combination of AP chest deflection with upward deflection was discovered as a possible mechanism for rib fractures in PMHS subjected to rear-facing frontal impacts in this study.PMID:37267007 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2023.2167490 (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - June 2, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Yun-Seok Kang Jason Stammen Amanda M Agnew Gretchen H Baker Vikram Pradhan Alexander Bendig Alena Hagedorn Kevin Moorhouse John H Bolte Iv Source Type: research
Driver eye glance behavior and performance with camera-based visibility systems versus mirrors
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, participants' longer time to pass a slower moving vehicle, greater distance when passing a slower moving vehicle, greater number of fixations, and lower subjective ratings with the tested CMS may indicate difficulty in judging distances and focusing on the electronic image. This study provides preliminary findings that suggest differences in driving behavior exist between a single tested prototype CMS and outside rearview mirrors and is a foundational step toward evaluating whether these trends are consistent across different systems and overall implications for safe driving behavior.PMID:372670...
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - June 2, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: E N Mazzae K S Satterfield G H S Baldwin I A Skuce A Andrella Source Type: research
Response of small female and midsize male models with active musculature in pre-crash maneuvers and low-speed impacts
CONCLUSIONS: The responses of the F05-OS+Active and M50-OS+Active models were better than control models based on overall CORA scores calculated using both sled and field tests. The results highlight their ability to predict occupant kinematics in crash-mitigating maneuvers and low-speed impacts in the frontal, lateral and frontal-oblique directions.PMID:37267011 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2022.2157209 (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - June 2, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Karan Devane Hana Chan Devon Albert Andrew Kemper F Scott Gayzik Source Type: research
The ideal vulnerable road user - a study of parameters affecting VRU detection
CONCLUSIONS: In Canada, vehicles are exposed to less-than-ideal road conditions and a wide range of pedestrian profiles. The vehicles tested demonstrated various levels of performance and capabilities when mitigating collisions with pedestrians. The research illustrates the safety risks associated with weather and types of VRUs.PMID:37267010 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2022.2159762 (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - June 2, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Dominique Charlebois Benoit Anctil Shivang Dube Annie Saleh Guillaume Pierre Victor Chirila Fleury Nahimana Source Type: research
Effect of axial compression on stiffness and deformation of human lumbar spine in flexion-extension
CONCLUSIONS: The superposition of axial compression in the lumbar spine affects the kinetic and kinematic response of the lumbar spine in flexion and extension. The response data and approach detailed in this study permit better assessment of ATD and HBM biofidelity.PMID:37267016 | DOI:10.1080/15389588.2023.2198627 (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)
Source: Traffic Injury Prevention - June 2, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Kalle Chastain Bronislaw Gepner David Moreau Benjamin Koerber Jason Forman Jason Hallman Jason Kerrigan Source Type: research
