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Condition: Ataxia

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Total 492 results found since Jan 2013.

Cerebellar Dizziness and Vertigo: Etiologies, Diagnostic Assessment, and Treatment
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400315Cerebellar dizziness and vertigo account for approximately 10% of diagnoses in a tertiary dizziness center. This term summarizes a large group of disorders with chronic (degenerative, hereditary, acquired cerebellar ataxias), recurrent (episodic ataxias), or acute (stroke, inflammation) presentations. Key to the diagnosis is a comprehensive examination of central ocular motor and vestibular function. Patients with cerebellar dizziness and vertigo usually show a pattern of deficits in smooth pursuit, gaze-holding, saccade accuracy, or fixation-suppression of the vestibulo-ocular refle...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - December 29, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Zwergal, Andreas Feil, Katharina Schniepp, Roman Strupp, Michael Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

The effects of statins on microglial cells to protect against neurodegenerative disorders: A mechanistic review
AbstractMicroglia are the primary innate immune system cells in the central nervous system (CNS). They are crucial for the immunity, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, neurotrophic support, phagocytosis of cellular debris, and maintaining the CNS integrity and homeostasis. Invasion by pathogens as well as in CNS injuries and damages results in activation of microglia known as microgliosis. The activated microglia have the capacity to release proinflammatory mediators leading to neuroinflammation. However, uncontrolled neuroinflammation can give rise to various neurological disorders (NDs), especially the neurodegenerative disea...
Source: BioFactors - December 16, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hossein Bagheri, Faezeh Ghasemi, George E. Barreto, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

A Dual Role of ATM in Ischemic Preconditioning and Ischemic Injury.
In conclusion, our data show the dual role of ATM in neuronal ischemic preconditioning and lethal ischemic injury, involving in the protection of ischemic preconditioning, but promoting neuronal death in lethal ischemic injury. Thus, the present study provides new opportunity for the treatment of ischemic stroke. PMID: 31845160 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - December 15, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Xie GH, Dai HJ, Liu F, Zhang YP, Zhu L, Nie JJ, Wu JH Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: research

Forme fruste anti-GQ1b-negative Miller Fischer syndrome masquerading as posterior circulation stroke.
In this report, a case of MFS is highlighted that was mistakenly treated as posterior circulation stroke, as well as the challenges faced in reaching the correct diagnosis and hence the appropriate treatment. PMID: 31808458 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh - December 7, 2019 Category: General Medicine Tags: J R Coll Physicians Edinb Source Type: research

Low heteroplasmy rates in clinically affected m.3243A   >  G carriers not necessarily explain the phenotype
In a recent article, Liu et al. reported about 17 patients from 7 Han families all carrying the m.3243A  > G variant who manifested phenotypically with mitochondrial leukoencephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) (n = 5), myopathy (n = 2), neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) (n = 1), diabetes (n = 6), and hypoacusis (n = 3) [1]. Heteroplasmy rates in bl ood lymphocytes in these patients were highly variable, discordant to the clinical manifestations [1]. Among the clinically manifesting mutation carriers mutation loads ranged between 0 and 79% [1].
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - December 4, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Josef Finsterer Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Low heteroplasmy rates in clinically affected m.3243A   >  G carriers not necessarily explain the phenotype
In a recent article, Liu et al. reported about 17 patients from 7 Han families all carrying the m.3243A  > G variant who manifested phenotypically with mitochondrial leukoencephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) (n = 5), myopathy (n = 2), neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) (n = 1), diabetes (n = 6), and hypoacusis (n = 3) [1]. Heteroplasmy rates in blood lymphocytes in these patients were highly variable, discordant to the clinical manifestations [1]. Among the clinically manifesting mutation carriers mutation loads ranged between 0 and 79% [1].
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - December 4, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Josef Finsterer Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Multifocal Stroke From Ozone Gas Emboli
Abstract: A 34-year-old man with chronic neck pain was treated with regular cervical paravertebral ozone injections. After his last injection, he experienced a syncopal episode and, upon awakening, was found to have ataxia, aphasia, hemiparesis, and left sixth nerve palsy. Computed tomographic angiography demonstrated intra-arterial gas in the right vertebral artery; multiple posterior circulation infarcts were seen on brain MRI. This case illustrates the potential dangers of paravertebral injections of ozone.
Source: Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology - December 1, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Tags: Photo Essay Source Type: research

Recommendations for measuring whisker movements and locomotion in mice with sensory, motor and cognitive deficits
ConclusionsStudying whisker movements provides a quantitative measure of sensing, motor control and exploration. However, the effect of background strain, sex and age on whisker movements needs to be better understood.
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Methods - November 28, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Motor Impairments in Patients With Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review
Conclusions There is weak evidence for a positive effect of short-term whole-body vibration training on spasticity of lower limbs, mobility, balance, and postural control. Besides, positive effect of the long-term effect of whole-body vibration training on mobility in patients with neurological disorders. The optimal whole-body vibration training parameters in treating patients with neurological disorders remain unclear.
Source: American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation - November 15, 2019 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Original Research Articles Source Type: research

Heteroplasmy and phenotype spectrum of the mitochondrial tRNALeu (UUR) gene m.3243A > G mutation in seven Han Chinese families
The m.3243A  > G mutation in the mitochondrial tRNALeu (UUR) gene is associated with a variety of phenotypic heterogeneity. The clinical spectrum and phenotypic-genotypic correlations in the Chinese patients are poorly understood. In the present study, we reported the clinical and genetic characterization, as w ell as haplogroups of seven Han Chinese families carrying the m.3243A > G mutation. Of the 39 matrilineal individuals, five suffered from mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), two had life-threatening mitochondrial myopathy (LTMM), and one patient had neuropathy,...
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - November 5, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Gailing Liu, Xiya Shen, Yongan Sun, Qing Lv, Yuanyuan Li, Ailian Du Source Type: research

Vertebral Artery Dissection Following Cervical Spine Injury as a Diagnostic Challenge. Case Study.
We present the case of a spinal cord-injured patient with neurological sequelae and delayed posterior circu-la-tion stroke caused by bilateral vertebral artery dissection. The signs of cerebellar and occipital lobe ischemia were masked by manifestations of spinal cord injury. The patient was unconscious and in a serious condition, but, despite no proper stroke treatment, only residual dysarthria and upper limb ataxia were seen after reha-bilitation. Any clinical suspicion based on the combination of head or neck trauma with atypical or evolving neuro-logical symptoms should be verified for the possibility of a vertebral ar...
Source: Ortopedia, Traumatologia, Rehabilitacja - October 30, 2019 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Dobies-Krześniak B, Tarnacka B Tags: Ortop Traumatol Rehabil Source Type: research

Critical appraisal of guidelines for evaluation and certification of specified neurological disabilities
Inder Puri, Govind Singh, Rajendra Kumar Acharya, Divya GoswamiAnnals of Indian Academy of Neurology 2019 22(4):373-376 New disability law called “Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act 2016” has been acted in 2016. The United Nations' Convention for Rights of Persons with Disabilities is the sole of this new act. Of the total 21 categories, three new neurological legal disability categories such as chronic neurological conditions, Parkinson disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis have been notified first time in the new act. The new guidelines have been notified in the year 2018 for eva...
Source: Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology - October 24, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Inder Puri Govind Singh Rajendra Kumar Acharya Divya Goswami Source Type: research

Leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts (LCC): 5  cases and literature review.
CONCLUSION: In LCC, the clinical spectrum is largely heterogeneous and the course of the disease appears highly variable in contrast to other hereditary cerebral small vessel diseases. PMID: 31521395 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Revue Neurologique - September 16, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Rev Neurol (Paris) Source Type: research

Diagnostics and Treatments of Iron-Related CNS Diseases.
Authors: Xiong H, Tuo QZ, Guo YJ, Lei P Abstract Iron has been proposed to be responsible for neuronal loss in several diseases of the central nervous system, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke, Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In many diseases, abnormal accumulation of brain iron in disease-affected area has been observed, without clear knowledge of the contribution of iron overload to pathogenesis. Recent evidences implicate that key proteins involved in the disease pathogenesis may also participate in cellular iron metabol...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - August 29, 2019 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research