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Condition: Mitochondrial Disease

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Total 851 results found since Jan 2013.

Melatonin and Ischemic Stroke: Mechanistic Roles and Action.
Authors: Andrabi SS, Parvez S, Tabassum H Abstract Stroke is one of the most devastating neurological disabilities and brain's vulnerability towards it proves to be fatal and socio-economic loss of millions of people worldwide. Ischemic stroke remains at the center stage of it, because of its prevalence amongst the several other types attacking the brain. The various cascades of events that have been associated with stroke involve oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, upregulation of Ca(2+) level, and so forth. Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted by pineal and extra pineal tissues responsibl...
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - October 6, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Adv Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Mitochondria and neuroprotection in stroke: Cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) as a novel class of mitochondria-targeted neuroprotective therapeutics.
Abstract Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally and represents a major cause of devastating long-term disability. Despite sustained efforts to develop clinically effective neuroprotective therapies, presently there is no clinically available neuroprotective agent for stroke. As a central mediator of neurodamaging events in stroke, mitochondria are recognised as a critical neuroprotective target, and as such, provide a focus for developing mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics. In recent years, cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) have been identified as a novel class of neuroprotective agent with se...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - September 12, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: MacDougall G, Anderton RS, Mastaglia FL, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Chorea-ballism as a dominant clinical manifestation in heteroplasmic mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes syndrome with A3251G mutation in mitochondrial genome: a case report
ConclusionThe dominance of hyperkinetic movements in the clinical scenario and the finding of a point mutation A3251G inMT-TL1 gene make this a rare presentation.
Source: Journal of Medical Case Reports - March 5, 2019 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Quality and Quantity Control: Mitophagy Is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Ischemic Stroke
AbstractIschemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and disability, which seriously affects the health and lives of people around the world. Effective treatment for ischemic stroke has been limited by its complex pathological mechanisms. Increasing evidence has indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an essential role in the occurrence, development, and pathological processes of ischemic stroke. Therefore, strict control of the quality and quantity of mitochondria via mitochondrial fission and fusion as well as mitophagy is beneficial to the survival and normal function maintenance of neurons. U...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Common Genetic Conditions of Ischemic Stroke to Keep in Mind.
Abstract Stroke is a complex disease resulting from the interplay of genetics and environment. In some instances (mainly in young adults) stroke is the direct result of a monogenic disease. Among the monogenic causes of stroke, the diseases which are most frequently encountered in the adult general neurological practice are CADASIL, Fabry and mitochondrial diseases. Brain MRI and clinical features may frequently lead to a correct molecular diagnosis. Here we review the single-gene causes of ischemic stroke, with special regard to the associated features which may help in the diagnostic approach. PMID: 2532387...
Source: Current Molecular Medicine - October 10, 2014 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Mancuso M, Orsucci D, Ienco EC, Brondi M, Simoncini C, Chiti A, Montano V, Terni E, Giannini N, Siciliano G, Bonuccelli U Tags: Curr Mol Med Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy With Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-Like Episodes-MELAS Syndrome.
CONCLUSION: This case is a classic example of the relapse-remitting MELAS syndrome progression with episodic clinical flares and fluctuating patterns of stroke-like lesions on imaging. MELAS is an important diagnostic consideration when neuroimaging reveals a pattern of disappearing and relapsing cortical brain lesions that may occur in different areas of the brain and are not necessarily limited to discrete vascular territories. Future studies should investigate disease mechanisms at the cellular level and the value of advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques for a targeted approach to therapy. PMID: 29026367 [PubMed]
Source: Ochsner Journal - October 17, 2017 Category: General Medicine Tags: Ochsner J Source Type: research

MiR-34a and stroke: Assessment of non-modifiable biological risk factors in cerebral ischemia
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2018Source: Neurochemistry InternationalAuthor(s): Xuefang Ren, Elizabeth B. Engler-Chiurazzi, Ashley E. Russell, Saumyendra N. Sarkar, Stephanie L. Rellick, Sara Lewis, Deborah Corbin, Jared Clapper, James W. SimpkinsAbstractAging of the nervous system, and the occurrence of age-related brain diseases such as stroke, are associated with changes to a variety of cellular processes controlled by many distinct genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding functional RNAs that can induce translational repression or site-specific cleavage of numerous target mRNAs, have recently emerge...
Source: Neurochemistry International - October 24, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Mesenchymal stem cells-derived mitochondria transplantation mitigates I/R-induced injury, abolishes I/R-induced apoptosis, and restores motor function in acute ischemia stroke rat model.
Abstract Acute ischemia stroke (AIS) is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide, and its neurological impacts are devastating and permanent. There is no efficient and real treatment for acute ischemia stroke so far. Therefore, development of efficient therapeutic strategies is under focus of investigations by basic and clinical scientists. Brain is one of the organs with high energy consumption and metabolism. Hence, its functionality is highly dependent on mitochondrial activity and integrity. Therefore, mitochondria play a vital homeostatic role in neurons physiology and mitochondrial dys...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - September 29, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi Z, Roushandeh AM, Saberi A, Kheirandish-Rostami M, Toosi SMR, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Tomita K, Kuwahara Y, Sato T, Roudkenar MH Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Role of Calcium Homeostasis in Ischemic Stroke: A Review.
Abstract Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide. It occurs due to the insufficient supply of oxygen-rich blood to the brain. It is a complex disease with multiple associated risk factors including smoking, alcoholism, age, sex, ethnicity, etc. Calcium ions are known to play a vital role in cell death pathways, which is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger during and immediately after an ischemic period. Disruption in normal calcium hemostasis is known to be a major initiator and activator of the ischemic cell death pathway. Under Ischemic stroke conditions, glutamate is released from the neurons...
Source: CNS and Neurological Disorders Drug Targets - February 12, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ludhiadch A, Sharma R, Muriki A, Munshi A Tags: CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets Source Type: research

MRI Features of Stroke-Like Episodes in Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy With Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-Like Episodes
Mitochondrial myopathy encephalopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is an important cause of stroke-mimicking diseases that predominantly affect patients before 40 years of age. MELAS results from gene mutations in either mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA) responsible for the wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and imaging findings. Neurological manifestations can present with stroke-like episodes (the cardinal features of MELAS), epilepsy, cognitive and mental disorders, or recurrent headaches. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool for detecting stroke-like lesions, accurate ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - February 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

mtDNA-STING Axis Mediates Microglial Polarization via IRF3/NF- κB Signaling After Ischemic Stroke
In this study, acute ischemic stroke was simulated using a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) at adult male C57BL/6 mice in vivo and the BV2 microglia oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model in vitro. The specific STING inhibitor C-176 was administered intraperitoneally at 30min after MCAO. We found that the expression of microglial STING was increased following MCAO and OGD/R. Pharmacologic inhibition of STING with C-176 reduced the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain infarction, edema and neuronal injury. Moreover, blockade of STING improved neurological performance and cognitive function ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 5, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Insight into Crosstalk Between Mitophagy and Apoptosis/Necroptosis: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications in Ischemic Stroke
AbstractIschemic stroke is a serious cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. As a result of ischemia-reperfusion, a cascade of pathophysiological responses is triggered by the imbalance in metabolic supply and demand, resulting in cell loss. These cellular injuries follow various molecular mechanisms solely or in combination with this disorder. Mitochondria play a driving role in the pathophysiological processes of ischemic stroke. Once ischemic stroke occurs, damaged cells would respond to such stress through mitophagy. Mitophagy is known as a conservatively selective autophagy, contributing to the remo...
Source: Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology -- Medical Sciences -- - April 7, 2022 Category: Research Source Type: research

Focus on the role of mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation: A prospective target for the treatment of ischemic stroke (Review)
Int J Mol Med. 2022 Jun;49(6):74. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5130. Epub 2022 Apr 8.ABSTRACTPost‑ischemic neuroinflammation induced by the innate local immune response is a major pathophysiological feature of cerebral ischemic stroke, which remains the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. NLR family pyrin domain containing (NLRP)3 inflammasome crucially mediates post‑ischemic inflammatory responses via its priming, activation and interleukin‑1β release during hypoxic‑ischemic brain damage. Mitochondrial dysfunctions are among the main hallmarks of several brain diseases, including ischemic stroke. In th...
Source: International Journal of Molecular Medicine - April 14, 2022 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Xiaolu Zhang Wenyun Zeng Yue Zhang Qun Yu Miao Zeng Jiali Gan Wenlan Zhang Xijuan Jiang Huhu Li Source Type: research