Role of Calcium Homeostasis in Ischemic Stroke: A Review.

Role of Calcium Homeostasis in Ischemic Stroke: A Review. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2021 Feb 12;: Authors: Ludhiadch A, Sharma R, Muriki A, Munshi A Abstract Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide. It occurs due to the insufficient supply of oxygen-rich blood to the brain. It is a complex disease with multiple associated risk factors including smoking, alcoholism, age, sex, ethnicity, etc. Calcium ions are known to play a vital role in cell death pathways, which is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger during and immediately after an ischemic period. Disruption in normal calcium hemostasis is known to be a major initiator and activator of the ischemic cell death pathway. Under Ischemic stroke conditions, glutamate is released from the neurons and glia which further activates the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and triggers the rapid translocation of Ca2+ from extracellular to intracellular spaces in cerebral tissues and vice versa. Various studies indicated that Ca2+ could have harmful effects on neurons under acute ischemic conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction also contributes to delayed neuronal death, and it was established decades ago that massive calcium accumulation triggers mitochondrial damage. Elevated Ca2+ levels cause mitochondria to swell and release their contents. As a result oxidative stress and mitochondrial calcium accumulation activate mitochondrial permeability transition and lead to d...
Source: CNS and Neurological Disorders Drug Targets - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tags: CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets Source Type: research