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Total 252 results found since Jan 2013.

Early-onset stroke in two siblings with Neurofibromatosis type 1.
Abstract Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder, characterized by cafe-au-lait macules, benign neurofibromas as well as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours, freckling in the axillary or inguinal regions, optic glioma and Lisch nodules (iris hamartomas) and further manifestations like bone deformities etc. Additionally, NF1 patients are at increased risk of early-onset cerebrovascular diseases, the pathogenesis of which has not been clarified yet. Here we report the first case of two siblings with NF1 who suffered an acute ischemic stroke. Professionals treating NF1 pa...
Source: European Journal of Medical Genetics - July 3, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Rukavina K, Töpper R, Kunze A, Hess A, Glatzel M, Valdueza JM, Farschtschi S, Hagel C Tags: Eur J Med Genet Source Type: research

Delayed radiation-induced stroke mimics recurrent tumor in and adolescent with remote history of low-grade brainstem glioma
A 13-year-old female was diagnosed with a ponto- medullary brainstem glioma and following unsuccessful treatment with chemotherapy, underwent focal photon intensity modulated radiation therapy that resulted in a favorable response. Ten years later, the patient presented with acute onset left-sided hemiplegia and headaches. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at presentation showed a large contrast- enhancing lesion with surrounding vasogenic edema and reduced diffusivity on diffusion- weighted imaging most concerning for a high grade secondary malignancy (Figure 1).
Source: Pediatric Neurology - June 4, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Lianne Q. Chau, Michael L. Levy, John Ross Crawford Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Delayed Radiation-Induced Stroke Mimics Recurrent Tumor in an Adolescent With Remote History of Low-Grade Brainstem Glioma
This 13-year-old girl was diagnosed with a ponto-medullary brainstem glioma, and following unsuccessful treatment with chemotherapy, she underwent focal photon intensity-modulated radiation therapy that resulted in a favorable response. Ten years later, she presented with acute left hemiplegia and headaches. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at presentation showed a large contrast-enhancing lesion with surrounding vasogenic edema and reduced diffusivity on diffusion-weighted imaging, most concerning for a high-grade secondary malignancy (Fig 1).
Source: Pediatric Neurology - June 4, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Lianne Q. Chau, Michael L. Levy, John R. Crawford Tags: Clinical Letter Source Type: research

Of fractal and Fourier: A measure for local shape complexity for neurological applications
ConclusionsThe HPR index provides conceptually distinct local complexity information from the current FD standard. Future research will benefit from using these complementary measures.
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Methods - May 23, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Repurposing multiple sclerosis drugs: a review of studies in other neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Abstract Treatment options for multiple sclerosis (MS) have improved in the past 20 years, with new oral disease-modifying drugs and monoclonal antibodies becoming available. The success seen with these drugs in MS, and their various mechanisms of action, has led to them being investigated in other neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review article summarises the ongoing and completed studies of MS drugs in neurological and psychiatric conditions other than MS. The most promising results are for interferon beta in human T cell leukaemia virus 1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and glioma...
Source: Drug Discovery Today - May 13, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Rommer PS, Sellner J Tags: Drug Discov Today Source Type: research

NAMPT as a Dedifferentiation-Inducer Gene: NAD+ as Core Axis for Glioma Cancer Stem-Like Cells Maintenance
Conclusion and Perspectives Gliomas are the most prevalent primary brain cancer in adults and include a broad category of tumors including astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and GBM. Regardless of tumor aggressiveness, malignancy, and infiltration, these glia-derived tumors rarely exceed a median survival time of 12–14 months. Driven by the infiltrative nature of these tumors, the clinical approach is difficult and relapses often occur with fatal consequences. These unsuccessful attempts to control glioma's fate have fostered research looking for more effective therapies. (GSCs) are a small subset of CD133&#...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - May 2, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Why is Clinical fMRI in a Resting State?
Conclusions Despite some perceived impediments to expanding clinical rs-fMRI use, neuroradiologists were generally enthusiastic about rs-fMRI in research and clinical applications, believing that their current workplace MRI systems are suitable for rs-fMRI acquisition. Many of the concerns associated with using rs-fMRI in clinical contexts are related to: (1) developing better methods for minimizing physiological noise effects, (2) improving methods for detecting the spatial characteristics of clinically-relevant brain processing systems in individual patients, and (3) overcoming remaining standardization, training, and r...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Genetic Variant of miR-34a Contributes to Susceptibility of Ischemic Stroke Among Chinese Population
This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81560552, 81260234), Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (CN) (2017JJA180826), Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education (CN) (201601009) and Key Laboratory Open Project Fund of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (CN) (kfkt20160064). Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Supplementary Material The Supplementary Material for this article can be fou...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Glutamate Transport and Preterm Brain Injury
Silvia Pregnolato1*, Elavazhagan Chakkarapani1, Anthony R. Isles2 and Karen Luyt1 1Department of Neonatal Neurology, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom 2Behavioural Genetics Group, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Preterm birth complications are the leading cause of child death worldwide and a top global health priority. Among the survivors, the risk of life-long disabilities is high, including cerebral palsy and impairment of movement, cognition, and beh...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTP β/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development
Conclusion The expression of the components of the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ axis in immune cells and in inflammatory diseases suggests important roles for this axis in inflammation. Pleiotrophin has been recently identified as a limiting factor of metainflammation, a chronic pathological state that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pleiotrophin also seems to potentiate acute neuroinflammation independently of the inflammatory stimulus while MK seems to play different -even opposite- roles in acute neuroinflammation depending on the stimulus. Which are the functions of MK and PTN in chronic neuroi...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Early Prophylactic Hypothermia for Patients With Severe Traumatic Injury: Premature to Close the Case
This study demonstrates that there is no role for the initiation of hypothermia during the acute phase of TBI (1, 2). However, it would be damaging to abandon the concept prematurely. Inflammation Also Paves the Way to Tissue Repair As soon as trauma occurs, the inflammatory cascade begins to take place. The deleterious role of inflammation in the secondary injury response is well-documented, hence the rationale to attempt early prophylactic hypothermia in TBI. However, inflammation also initiates tissue repair and regeneration (3–6). We now know that the secondary injury response accompanies the regenerating and...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

How cost-effective is intraoperative MRI for gliomas?
Using a simulated clinical decision analysis model, researchers from the University...Read more on AuntMinnie.comRelated Reading: Workflow optimization cuts MRI turnaround time Imaging analytics platform optimizes MRI operations MRA is cost-effective for kidney disease-related aneurysms Study reveals steep cost of delaying stroke treatment MRI for knee pain adds cost with negligible benefit
Source: AuntMinnie.com Headlines - April 2, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: news

Study unveils a blueprint for treating a deadly brain tumor
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) In a study of mice and human brain tumors researchers at the University of the Michigan, Ann Arbor, searched for new treatments by exploring the reasons why some patients with gliomas live remarkably longer than others. The results suggested that certain patients' tumor cells are less aggressive and much better at repairing DNA than others but are difficult to kill with radiation. The researchers then showed that combining radiation therapy with cancer drugs designed to block DNA repair may be an effective treatment strategy.
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - February 19, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news

Protective Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Glutamate-Induced Cytotoxicity in C6 Glioma Cells.
In this study, we investigated the protective effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring thiol antioxidant, on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in cultured C6 astroglial cells. Exposure to high-dose glutamate (10 mM) caused oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction through the elevation of reactive oxygen species, depletion of glutathione, and loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Pretreatment with ALA (200 µM), however, significantly inhibited the glutamate-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. ALA pretreatment dose-dependently suppressed glutamate-induced apoptotic...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - January 6, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Park E, Gim J, Kim DK, Kim CS, Chun HS Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: research

Contrast enhancing spots as a new pattern of late onset pseudoprogression in glioma patients
ConclusionWe hypothesize that the late onset phenomenon of NCES predominantly represents a form of radiation-induced vasculopathy that is different from early pseudoprogression and should be considered especially in younger patients with IDH-mutated glioma before initiation of new therapy.
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - January 2, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research