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Cancer: Glioma

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Total 252 results found since Jan 2013.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein in patients with symptoms of acute stroke : Diagnostic marker of cerebral hemorrhage.
Abstract Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a highly brain-specific protein that is expressed in large quantities in astrocytes and has important functions in terms of maintaining and stabilizing the cytoskeleton. Acute intracerebral hemorrhage leads to an immediate mechanical destruction of astroglial cells with the subsequent release of GFAP into the extracellular space and the bloodstream. On the other hand, necrosis, cytolysis and GFAP release does not occur before 6-12 h after symptom onset in ischemic stroke. Thus, in the early hours after stroke increased GFAP values could indicate intracerebral hem...
Source: Der Nervenarzt - July 25, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Foerch C, Pfeilschifter W, Zeiner P, Brunkhorst R Tags: Nervenarzt Source Type: research

Quantitative Longitudinal Evaluation of Diaschisis-Related Cerebellar Perfusion and Diffusion Parameters in Patients with Supratentorial Hemispheric High-Grade Gliomas After Surgery.
In this study, we investigated the longitudinal evolution of diaschisis-related cerebellar perfusion and diffusion tensor-imaging (DTI) changes in patients after surgery for supratentorial brain tumors. Eight patients (M:F 5:3, age 8-22 years) who received surgery for supratentorial high-grade gliomas were evaluated. Initial MRI studies were performed 19-54 days postoperatively, with follow-ups at 2- to 3-month intervals. For each study, parametric maps of the cerebellum were generated and coregistered to T1-weighted images that had been previously segmented for cGM and cWM. Aggregate mean values of CBV, cerebral blood f...
Source: Cerebellum - June 12, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Patay Z, Parra C, Hawk H, George A, Li Y, Scoggins M, Broniscer A, Ogg RJ Tags: Cerebellum Source Type: research

Question 1: Should a child with neurofibromatosis type 1 be screened for central nervous system tumours with neuroimaging?
Scenario A 4-year-old boy with a recent diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) attends your outpatient clinic. His mother has read that optic pathway gliomas (OPG) occur in 15–20% of children with NF1 under 6 years of age. She is worried about the complications of this type of brain tumour, which include visual loss and precocious puberty. She asks you if her son can have an MRI scan to check for an optic pathway glioma. He has a normal ophthalmological examination. Question In a child with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) (patient), does screening for OPGs with MRI (intervention) compared to standard clinica...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - May 15, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Bodey, C., Seal, A. Tags: ADC Archimedes, Oncology, Eye Diseases, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Neuromuscular disease, Neurooncology, Stroke, Reproductive medicine, Ophthalmology, Child health, Radiology, Disability, Sexual health, Clinical diagnost Source Type: research

Technical considerations on the validity of blood oxygenation level‐dependent‐based MR assessment of vascular deoxygenation
A blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD)‐based apparent relative oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) as a semi‐quantitative marker of vascular deoxygenation has recently been introduced in clinical studies of patients with glioma and stroke, yielding promising results. These rOEF measurements are based on independent quantification of the transverse relaxation times T2 and T2* and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV). Simulations demonstrate that small errors in any of the underlying measures may result in a large deviation of the calculated rOEF. Therefore, we investigated the validity of such measurements. For thi...
Source: NMR in Biomedicine - May 9, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Nuria M. Hirsch, Vivien Toth, Annette Förschler, Hendrik Kooijman, Claus Zimmer, Christine Preibisch Tags: Research article Source Type: research

"Pseudostroke": Clinically Diagnosed Ischemia Shown to Be Multiple Sclerosis at Autopsy, A Case Report (P6.266)
CONCLUSIONS:This case emphasizes the difficult clinical and neuroradiological differential between acute stroke and acute MS in a patient presenting with new neurologic deficits with sudden onset. It appears that ADC in very acute lesions of MS may show low signal, contrary to the usual expectations. The high ADC signal reflects the increased extracellular space produced by extracellular edema or demyelination. Acute MS lesions can thus present as "Pseudostrokes".Disclosure: Dr. Uppal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kataria has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miller has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Uppal, G., Kataria, N., Rani, P., Miller, D. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease and Interventional Neurology: Case Reports Source Type: research

Glutamate quantification in patients with supratentorial gliomas using chemical shift imaging
This study aimed to evaluate and validate chemical shift imaging (CSI) for in vivo glutamate (Glu) quantification in patients with supratentorial gliomas. If validated, CSI could become an extremely useful tool to investigate metabolic dysfunction of Glu in excitotoxic neuropathologies. Quantitative CSI estimates of Glu concentrations were compared with known concentrations of Glu in aqueous phantom solutions. Forty‐one patients with known or likely supratentorial gliomas underwent preoperative CSI. The spectra obtained were analyzed for Glu concentrations and Glu to creatine (Cr) ratios. These in vivo measurements were ...
Source: NMR in Biomedicine - March 24, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: S. V. Liubinas, K. J. Drummond, P. M. Desmond, A. Bjorksten, A. P. Morokoff, A. H. Kaye, T. J. O'Brien, B. A. Moffat Tags: Research article Source Type: research

Membrane‐type 1 metalloproteinase is upregulated in microglia/brain macrophages in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases
We previously reported that glioma cells induce the expression of membrane‐type 1 metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP or MMP‐14) in tumor‐associated microglia/macrophages and promote tumor growth, whereas MMP‐14 expression in microglia under physiological conditions is very low. Here, we show that the increase in MMP‐14 expression is also found in microglia/macrophages associated with neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathologies in mouse models as well as in human biopsies or post‐mortem tissue. We found that microglial/macrophage MMP‐14 expression was upregulated in Alzheimer's disease tissue, in active lesi...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - December 10, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Anika Langenfurth, Jan Leo Rinnenthal, Katyayni Vinnakota, Vincent Prinz, Anne‐Sophie Carlo, Christine Stadelmann, Volker Siffrin, Susann Peaschke, Matthias Endres, Frank Heppner, Rainer Glass, Susanne A. Wolf, Helmut Kettenmann Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Clinical application of perfusion computed tomography in neurosurgery.
Conclusions Perfusion CT provides quantitative and qualitative data that can add diagnostic and prognostic value in a number of neurosurgical disorders, and also help with clinical decision making. With emerging new technical developments in PCT, such as characterization of blood-brain barrier permeability and whole-brain PCT, this technique is expected to provide more and more insight into the pathophysiology of many neurosurgical conditions. PMID: 24266541 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Neurosurgery - November 22, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Huang AP, Tsai JC, Kuo LT, Lee CW, Lai HS, Tsai LK, Huang SJ, Chen CM, Chen YS, Chuang HY, Wintermark M Tags: J Neurosurg Source Type: research

A stroke mimic; focal neurological deficits in benign hereditary chorea?
Conclusion This case highlights the difficulties in assessing patients with new focal neurological symptoms in the presence of known, pre existing, neurological disease. It also serves to highlight how often erroneously progressive weakness is mislabelled as a ‘stroke’. Neurologists working together with acute physicians in liaison posts in MAU, provides a unique opportunity to improve overall recognition of neurological disease, and for patients potentially provides a more timely diagnostic work–up and the opportunity for early treatment.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Maw, K., Johnston, J., Rowntree, C., Kalhan, A. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Headache (including migraine), Movement disorders (other than Parkinsons), Neurooncology, Pain (neurology), Stroke, CNS cancer, Neuropathology, Radiology, Surgical diagnostic tests, Surgical oncology Association of Britis Source Type: research

Drugs to be offered to women at high risk of breast cancer
The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has today released updated guidelines on the care of women who are at increased risk of breast cancer due to their family history. One of the main changes to the original guidance from 2004 is that NICE now recommends drug treatment with tamoxifen or raloxifene to reduce risk of breast cancer in a specific group of women who are at high risk of breast cancer and have not had the disease. They say that these treatments could help prevent breast cancer in about 488,000 women aged 35 years and older. The updated guideline has also made changes to the recommende...
Source: NHS News Feed - June 25, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Cancer Medical practice QA articles Source Type: news

Nitrone-based Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Their use alone or in Combination with Lanthionines.
Abstract The possibility of free radical reactions occurring in biological processes led to the development and employment of novel methods and techniques focused on determining their existence and importance in normal and pathological conditions. For this reason the use of Nitrones for spin trapping free radicals came into widespread use in the 1970s and 1980s when surprisingly the first evidence of their potent biological properties was first noted. Since then wide-spread exploration and demonstration of the potent biological properties of phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) and derivatives were shown in preclinical ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - February 15, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Floyd RA, Castro Faria Neto HC, Zimmerman GA, Hensley K, Towner RA Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Organotypic brain slices: a model to study the neurovascular unit micro-environment in epilepsies
This study demonstrates that NVU regulation can be investigated using OHCs. We observed in this model system an increase in vascularization and a down-regulation of TJ proteins, similar to the vascular changes described in a chronic focus of epileptic patients, and in rodent models of epilepsy or inflammation. We observed that Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein disappeared after seizures associated with neuronal damage. In these conditions, the angiopoeitin-1 system was down-regulated, and the application of r-angiopoeitin-1 allowed TJ re-assembly. This article demonstrates that organotypic culture is a useful model to deci...
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - February 7, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Mélanie Morin-BrureauFrédéric De BockMireille Lerner-Natoli Source Type: research