Incidence of invasive salmonella disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a multicentre population-based surveillance study
Publication date: March 2017 Source:The Lancet Global Health, Volume 5, Issue 3 Author(s): Florian Marks, Vera von Kalckreuth, Peter Aaby, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie, Muna Ahmed El Tayeb, Mohammad Ali, Abraham Aseffa, Stephen Baker, Holly M Biggs, Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen, Robert F Breiman, James I Campbell, Leonard Cosmas, John A Crump, Ligia Maria Cruz Espinoza, Jessica Fung Deerin, Denise Myriam Dekker, Barry S Fields, Nagla Gasmelseed, Julian T Hertz, Nguyen Van Minh Hoang, Justin Im, Anna Jaeger, Hyon Jin Jeon, Leon Parfait Kabore, Karen H Keddy, Frank Konings, Ralf Krumkamp, Benedikt Ley, Sand...
Source: The Lancet Global Health - February 10, 2017 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research
The real-life number of neonatal doses of Bacille Calmette-Gu érin vaccine in a 20-dose vial.
CONCLUSIONS: In real life, experienced nurses could only obtain 13-15 doses from the 20-dose vials. Thus, vaccine wastage is much lower than assumed. Adjusting practice to the real-life number of doses would immediately suggest vials should be opened if 7 rather than 10 infants are present. As other studies have indicated that BCG may have beneficial non-specific effects on overall mortality, the potential gain by opening a 20-dose vial even for one child may be considerable.
PMID: 28169606 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Global Health Action)
Source: Global Health Action - February 9, 2017 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Glob Health Action Source Type: research
Can we halt health workforce deterioration in failed states? Insights from Guinea-Bissau on the nature, persistence and evolution of its HRH crisis
Guinea-Bissau is one of the world ’s poorest and least developed countries. Amid poverty, political turmoil and state withdrawal, its health workforce (HW) has been swamped for the last four decades in a deepen... (Source: Human Resources for Health)
Source: Human Resources for Health - February 7, 2017 Category: Health Management Authors: Giuliano Russo, Enrico Pavignani, Catia S á Guerreiro and Clotilde Neves Source Type: research
Campaigns with oral polio vaccine may lower mortality and create unexpected results.
Abstract
Three studies from Guinea-Bissau found conflicting effects of OPV-at-birth (OPV0) on child survival. One study from 2004 suggested excess male mortality among children receiving OPV0 compared with children receiving NoOPV0 during a period of shortage of OPV. However, two subsequent studies showed beneficial effects of OPV0. In 2004, two national OPV-campaigns had been conducted in Guinea-Bissau. In a reanalysis of the 2004-study, in a survival analysis the age-adjusted mortality rate of study participants was 67% (95% CI=42-81%) lower after the OPV-campaigns than before the campaigns. In the OPV0 ...
Source: Vaccine - January 26, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Benn CS, Jacobsen LH, Fisker AB, Rodrigues A, Sartono E, Lund N, Whittle HC, Aaby P Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research
[Etiology and prognosis of the eye traumas by war weapons in the Senegalese army].
CONCLUSIONS: The combat goggles systematically integrated in the equipment of the Senegalese combatant, would be an invaluable contribution on the prevention of the traumatisms of the eye.
PMID: 28089222 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal Francais d Ophtalmologie)
Source: Journal Francais d Ophtalmologie - January 17, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Tags: J Fr Ophtalmol Source Type: research
Shifting environments in Eastern Guinea-Bissau, West Africa: The length of fallows in question
Publication date: Available online 4 January 2017 Source:NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences Author(s): Marina Padrão Temudo, Pedro Santos In the understanding of the relationship between forests, agriculture and landscape change, the impact of shifting cultivation has been a major topic, but also a major point of debate. The very definition of the concept is under discussion, starting with the importance given to the length of the fallow period and ending with the question of defining it as a system, many systems or a “tool kit”. Can we consider the length of the fallow period or the crop-fallow time ratio...
Source: NJAS Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences - January 3, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Asylum seekers alleging torture in their countries: Evaluation of a French center
Conclusion Investigation of the types of torture and circumstances under which torture occurs is critical for efficient forensic evaluation of claims of torture experienced by asylum seekers. (Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine)
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - December 27, 2016 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Does oral polio vaccine have non-specific effects on all-cause mortality? Natural experiments within a randomised controlled trial of early measles vaccine
Conclusions
Bissau had no polio infection during this trial, so OPV0 and campaign-OPV may have NSEs since they modified the effect of 2-dose MV in an RCT. Different interventions may interact to a much larger effect than usually assumed. (Source: BMJ Open)
Source: BMJ Open - December 22, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Aaby, P., Andersen, A., Martins, C. L., Fisker, A. B., Rodrigues, A., Whittle, H. C., Benn, C. S. Tags: Open access, Epidemiology, Global health, Paediatrics, Public health Research Source Type: research
Introduction of standard measles vaccination in an urban African community in 1979 and overall child survival: a reanalysis of data from a cohort study
Conclusions
MV may have beneficial non-specific effects on child survival not related to the prevention of measles infection. (Source: BMJ Open)
Source: BMJ Open - December 19, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Mogensen, S. W., Aaby, P., Smedman, L., Martins, C. L., Rodrigues, A., Benn, C. S., Ravn, H. Tags: Open access, Epidemiology, Global health Research Source Type: research
Male Circumcision and the Epidemic Emergence of HIV-2 in West Africa
ConclusionsOur survey reveals that, in the early 20th century, MC was far less common and geographically more variable than nowadays. HIV-2 prevalence in 1985 –91 and MC rates in 1950 were negatively correlated (Spearman rho = -0.546, IQR: -0.553–-0.546, p≤0.0021). Guinea-Bissau and Côte d'Ivoire cities had markedly lower MC rates. In addition, MC was uncommon in rural southwestern Côte d'Ivoire in 1930.The differential HIV-2 spread in West Africa correlates with different historical MC rates. We suggest HIV-2 only formed early substantial foci in cities with substantial uncircumcised populations. Lack of MC in rur...
Source: PLoS One - December 6, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jo ão Dinis Sousa Source Type: research
The effect of early measles vaccination at 4.5 months of age on growth at 9 and 24 months of age in a randomized trial in Guinea-Bissau
Providing an early, additional measles vaccine (MV) at 4.5 months of age has been shown to reduce child mortality in low-income countries. We studied the effects on growth at 9 and 24 months of age. (Source: BMC Pediatrics)
Source: BMC Pediatrics - December 3, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: S. M. Rasmussen, S. Biering-S ørensen, S. Byberg, A. Andersen, M. Bjerregaard-Andersen, A. Rodrigues, C. S. Benn, C. L. Martins and P. Aaby Source Type: research
A general measles vaccination campaign in urban Guinea-Bissau: Comparing child mortality among participants and non-participants.
CONCLUSIONS: We found indications of strong beneficial non-specific effects of receiving measles vaccine during the 2012 campaign, especially for girls and children with previous routine measles vaccination. Measles vaccination campaigns may be an effective way of improving child survival.
PMID: 27890397 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)
Source: Vaccine - November 23, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Byberg S, Thysen SM, Rodrigues A, Martins C, Cabral C, Careme M, Aaby P, Benn CS, Fisker AB Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research
Autosomal SNPs study of a population sample from Southern Portugal and from a sample of immigrants from Guinea-Bissau residing in Portugal
In recent years, autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been comprehensively investigated in forensic research due to their usefulness in certain circumstances in complementing short tandem repeats (STRs) analysis, or even for use on their own when analysis of STRs fails. However, as with STRs, in order to properly use SNP markers in forensic casuistic we need to understand the population and forensic parameters in question. As a result of Portugal ’s colonial history during the time of empire, and the subsequent process of decolonization, some African individuals migrated to Portugal, giving rise to large...
Source: Legal Medicine - November 22, 2016 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Paulo Dario, Ana Rita Oliveira, Teresa Ribeiro, Maria Jo ão Porto, Deodália Dias, Francisco Corte Real Tags: Announcement of Population Data Source Type: research
Characterization of GlobalFiler loci in Angolan and Guinean populations inhabiting Southern Portugal
AbstractWe analyzed the GlobalFiler short tandem repeat (STR) loci for 152 and 70 unrelated individuals from Angolan and Guinean immigrant populations inhabiting Southern Portugal, respectively. After Bonferroni correction, no significant deviations from the Hardy –Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium were detected for either population. For the Angolan population, SE33 was the most informative marker. In contrast, D5S818 and D13S317 were the least informative loci. The combined power of discrimination was 99.9999999999999999999999961907%. For th e Guinean population, SE33 and D21S1 were the most informative l...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - November 21, 2016 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research
Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestations in cattle along Geba River basin in Guinea-Bissau
Publication date: Available online 29 October 2016 Source:Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases Author(s): Sara Tudela Zúquete, João Coelho, Fernanda Rosa, Yolanda Vaz, Bernardo Cassamá, Ludovina Padre, Dulce Santos, Afonso P. Basto, Alexandre Leitão Tick infestations are a major problem for animal production in tropical areas where prevention and control remain deficient. The present study sought to assess the awareness of traditional cattle producers towards the importance of ticks and aimed at the identification of tick species infesting bovines within the Geba River basin, Guinea-Bissau. Interviews with producer...
Source: Ticks and Tick borne Diseases - October 29, 2016 Category: Zoology Source Type: research
