[Training of Human Resources for Health in the Republic of Guinea-Bissau: Evolution of Structures and Processes in a Fragile State].
CONCLUSION: The models that emerge as a response to the fragility in this area partially allow to respond to the training needs of the country but neglect the quality and perpetuate dependencies, aggravating the weaknesses of the State and of the public sector.
PMID: 30684372 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Medica Portuguesa)
Source: Acta Medica Portuguesa - January 27, 2019 Category: General Medicine Tags: Acta Med Port Source Type: research
Two Randomized Trials of the Effect of the Russian Strain of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Alone or With Oral Polio Vaccine on Neonatal Mortality in Infants Weighing
Background:
In randomized trials in Guinea-Bissau, the Danish strain of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) reduces neonatal mortality, primarily by reducing deaths from pneumonia and sepsis. Because World Health Organization–prequalified BCG-Denmark was not available in India, we conducted 2 randomized trials to test whether BCG-Russia alone or with oral polio vaccine (OPV) has similar effects to BCG-Denmark.
Methods:
We randomized neonates weighing (Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - January 12, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Vaccine Reports Source Type: research
Successful Simultaneous Screening of Sickle Cell Disease, HIV and Tuberculosis in Rural Guinea Bissau, West Africa through Rapid Tests and a Standardized Clinical Questionnaire: An Outreach Program Due to a Public-Private Partnership
Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrate the feasibility of a simultaneous population screening at the POC in rural areas for three "big diseases" (SCD, HIV and TB) through a temporary outreach clinic organized by local specialized staff in collaboration with local communities and international Academic Institutions and NGOs. The simultaneous screening with rapid test and standardized clinical examination is a model that could replicated in other rural settings in low resource countries. A further pilot study which will include a rapid test for TB, HIV and SCD is currently being planned.Figure.DisclosuresColombatti: NOVAR...
Source: Blood - November 21, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Menzato, F., Bosa, L., Sifna, A., Da Silva, L., Gasperoni, E., Martella, M., Sanha, M. S., Mustik, A., Da Dalt, L., Riccardi, F., Colombatti, R. Tags: 901. Health Services Research-Non-Malignant Conditions: Poster III Source Type: research
Spatial Distribution of Invasive Pneumococcal Serotypes in West Africa: A Retrospective Analysis to Inform Immunization in Persons with Sickle Cell Disease
Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first attempt to aggregate IPD serotype data across West Africa. While the majority of serotypes identified are included in PCV13, two serotypes exclusive to PPSV23 (2 and 12F) together accounted for 8.1% of the total IPD burden. Moreover, in some countries, the proportion of strains included in PPSV23 and not PCV13 is higher. Immunizing persons with SCD in West Africa with PPSV23 therefore may be warranted to optimize protection from IPD. Furthermore, as PCV13 vaccination coverage increases, it is possible that the epidemiology of IPD may shift to more strains exclusively covered ...
Source: Blood - November 21, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Carsillo, T., Amegan-Aho, K. H., Feller, A., McIntosh, A., Spector, J., Obaro, S. K. Tags: 114. Hemoglobinopathies, Excluding Thalassemia-Clinical: Poster III Source Type: research
Risk-Benefit and Cost-Effectiveness of Universal Iron Interventions for Public Health Control of Anemia in Young Children in 78 Countries: A Microsimulation Study
Almost 300 million children worldwide are anemic. Universal distribution of iron interventions (iron supplements or iron-containing multiple micronutrient powders, MNPs) to young children (e.g. <2 years of age) is a key World Health Organization recommendation to prevent anemia in low-income countries. However, concerns of iron-induced infection risk and limited effectiveness for anemia and broader child health outcomes have raised questions about whether iron interventions produce a net health benefit and are cost-effective. This has constrained implementation. Net effects likely differ in each country according to the...
Source: Blood - November 21, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Pasricha, S.-R., Gheorghe, A., Ashour, F., Arcot, A., Murray-Kolb, L. E., Suchdev, P., Bode, M. Tags: 903. Outcomes Research-Non-Malignant Hematology: Poster I Source Type: research
Long-term follow-up of HIV-2-related AIDS and mortality in Guinea-Bissau: a prospective open cohort study
Publication date: Available online 1 November 2018Source: The Lancet HIVAuthor(s): Joakim Esbjörnsson, Fredrik Månsson, Anders Kvist, Zacarias J da Silva, Sören Andersson, Eva Maria Fenyö, Per-Erik Isberg, Antonio J Biague, Jacob Lindman, Angelica A Palm, Sarah L Rowland-Jones, Marianne Jansson, Patrik Medstrand, Hans Norrgren, Babetida N'Buna, Antonio J. Biague, Ansu Biai, Cidia Camara, Joakim Esbjörnsson, Marianne JanssonSummaryBackgroundHIV type 2 (HIV-2) is considered more benign and has fewer pathogenic consequences than HIV type 1 (HIV-1) for most infected individuals. However, reliable estimates of time to AIDS...
Source: The Lancet HIV - November 3, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Protease Inhibitors or NNRTIs as First-Line HIV-1 Treatment in West Africa (PIONA): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Background:
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are recommended as part of first-line treatment for HIV-1 in Africa. However, NNRTI-based regimens are more prone to resistance development than protease inhibitors (PIs) in a context in which drug interruptions are frequent. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of NNRTIs with PIs in HIV-1–infected patients in Guinea-Bissau.
Methods:
This open-label randomized, 2-arm superiority trial compared the use of 2 NRTIs plus either one NNRTI (efavirenz or nevirapine) or one PI (lopinavir/ritonavir) in treatment-naive HIV-1–in...
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - October 16, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research
Severe limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2A in two young siblings from Guinea-Bissau associated with a novel null homozygous mutation in CAPN3 gene
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) or calpainopathy is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by calpain-3 deficiency due to mutations in the CAPN3 gene [1-4]. Recently, a CAPN3 gene heterozygous deletion (c.643_663del21) has been associated with an autosomal dominant transmission pattern in thirteen unrelated European families [5, 6]. Calpain-3 is a muscle-specific calcium-dependent intracellular cysteine protease, essential for skeletal muscle regeneration, sarcolemma repair, sarcomere remodelling, cytoskeleton regulation and calcium homeostasis [1-4]. (Source: Neuromuscular Disorders)
Source: Neuromuscular Disorders - October 9, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Miguel Oliveira Santos, Pedro Ninitas, Isabel Concei ção Source Type: research
Non-live pentavalent vaccines after live measles vaccine may increase mortality.
Abstract
Live measles vaccine (MV) may have beneficial off-target/non-specific effects (NSEs) reducing child mortality beyond prevention of measles infection. In contrast, the non-live pentavalent (Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis-H. influenzae Type B-Hepatitis B) vaccine has no beneficial NSEs. The NSEs are strongest for the most recent vaccine. Hence, sequence of vaccination may affect survival. In Guinea-Bissau, we followed 7094 measles-vaccinated children prospectively from first home visit after 9 months (when MV is scheduled) to 5 years of age. We compared survival by sequence of MV and third Pentava...
Source: Vaccine - September 5, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Fisker AB, Thysen SM Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research
Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Publication date: 2–8 June 2018 Source:The Lancet, Volume 391, Issue 10136 Author(s): GBD 2016 Healthcare Access and Quality CollaboratorsNancyFullmanJamalYearwoodSolomon MAbayCristianaAbbafatiFoadAbd-AllahJemalAbdelaAhmedAbdelalimZegeyeAbebeTeshome AbukaAbeboVictorAboyansHaftom NiguseAbrahaDaisy M XAbreuLaith JAbu-RaddadAkilew AwokeAdaneRufus AdesojiAdedoyinOlatunjiAdetokunbohTara BallavAdhikariMohsenAfaridehAshkanAfshinGinaAgarwalDominicAgiusAnuragAgrawalSutapaAgrawalAliasgharAhmad KiadaliriMiloud Taki EddineAichourMohammedAkibuRufus OlusolaAkinyemiTomi FAkinyemijuNadiaAkseerFaris HasanAl LamiFaresAlahdabZiyadAl-AlyK...
Source: The Lancet - June 1, 2018 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
HIV-2 continues to decrease, whereas HIV-1 is stabilizing in Guinea-Bissau
Conclusion:
The prevalence of HIV-2 continues to decrease, whereas the prevalence of HIV-1 showed sign of stabilization. The results observed may be explained by a lower pathogenicity of HIV-2 and changes in risk behavior. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - May 11, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology and Social: Concise Communication Source Type: research
Clinical, laboratorial and immunological aspects of severe malaria in children from Guinea-Bissau.
This study included children aged 0-16 years from Guinea-Bissau with clinical signs of severe malaria. Serological and immunochemical characterisation of different anti-P. falciparum antibodies were made by ELISA and immunoblotting using a crude protein extract of P. falciparum. Sera from 12 children with severe malaria were analysed. Nine samples were positive for total anti-P. falciparum antibodies, seven for IgM and eight for total IgG anti-P. falciparum. There was a predominance of IgG1 response, suggesting a cytophilic action in severe malaria and a major role of IgG1 over other immunoglobulins. The antigenic profile ...
Source: Acta Tropica - April 20, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Domingos J, Casimiro A, Portugal-Calisto D, Varandas L, Nogueira F, Silva MS Tags: Acta Trop Source Type: research
Zika Virus IgG in Infants with Microcephaly, Guinea-Bissau, 2016
M. Rosenstierne et al. (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal)
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal - April 3, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
HLA-associated polymorphisms in the HIV-2 capsid highlight key differences between HIV-1 and HIV-2 immune adaptation
Conclusion:
Greater constraints on evolution may exist in HIV-2, resulting in more purifying selection and different immune adaptation pathways in HIV-1 and HIV-2 capsids. This may allow CTL responses to persist in HIV-2. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - March 16, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Basic Science: Concise Communications Source Type: research
The influence of human leukocyte antigen-types on disease progression among HIV-2 infected patients in Guinea-Bissau
Conclusion:
The three alleles HLA-B*58:01, HLA-DPB1*10:01 and HLA-DRB1*11:01 may protect against HIV-2 disease progression towards AIDS. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - March 16, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research
