For Exposed and Deserted Young Children: Research at the London Foundling Hospital
Neonatology. 2024 Mar 1:1-8. doi: 10.1159/000536421. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Little is known about research in Foundling Hospitals during the 18th century.SUMMARY: The London "Hospital for the Maintenance and Education of Exposed and Deserted Young Children" opened in 1741, after fundraising by the former shipmaster Thomas Coram and a Charter by King George II. From 1741 to 1756, fewer than 100 infants a year were admitted by lot. With onset of the Seven Years' War in 1756, the House of Commons resolved and financed the admission of all deserted babies. The number of admitted babies rose to 4,000 per year...
Source: Neonatology - March 3, 2024 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Michael Obladen Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 374: Evolution of Virology: Science History through Milestones and Technological Advancements
Lu Lu
Huan Liu
The history of virology, which is marked by transformative breakthroughs, spans microbiology, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. From the development of Jenner’s smallpox vaccine in 1796 to 20th-century innovations such as ultrafiltration and electron microscopy, the field of virology has undergone significant development. In 1898, Beijerinck laid the conceptual foundation for virology, marking a pivotal moment in the evolution of the discipline. Advancements in influenza A virus research in 1933 by Richard Shope furthered our understanding of respiratory pathogens. Additio...
Source: Viruses - February 28, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Kunlan Zuo Wanying Gao Zongzhen Wu Lei Zhang Jiafeng Wang Xuefan Yuan Chun Li Qiangyu Xiang Lu Lu Huan Liu Tags: Review Source Type: research
Kaposi varicelliform eruption: an unusual presentation caused by varicella zoster virus in a healthy adult patient - a case report
CONCLUSION: This case underscores the importance of prompt KVE identification and consideration of antiviral therapy to enhance patient outcomes. Further research is warranted to elucidate predisposing factors for this rare condition.PMID:38388418 | DOI:10.1186/s12879-024-09115-4 (Source: Herpes)
Source: Herpes - February 22, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Hassan El-Masry Safia Essam Hamed Gaber Nour Shaheen Ahmed Abdelbary Naglaa Mohamed Sayed Salma Samir Omar Source Type: research
News at a glance: Layoffs at JPL, fossils of ancient innards, and Darwin ’s library
PLANETARY SCIENCE
NASA cuts jobs at storied lab
NASA’s premier center for space science, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, announced last week it would lay off 530 employees, about 8% of its workforce, along with 40 contractors, because of uncertainty over this year’s budget and lawmakers’ qualms about skyrocketing costs for the Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission. After arrival at Mars as early as 2030, the $10 billion effort would pick up rock samples collected by the Perseverance rover, load them in a rocket, and ferry them back to Earth. A Senate appropriations bill for this year would provide...
Source: Science of Aging Knowledge Environment - February 15, 2024 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
History, politics, and variolation vaccination hesitancy in the American South during the American Civil War
Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2024 Feb 8;37(2):357-360. doi: 10.1080/08998280.2023.2295824. eCollection 2024.ABSTRACTExamining the history of vaccination in the Civil War reveals lessons about why citizens resisted vaccination and how physicians tried to respond to the problems associated with combating epidemic diseases like smallpox. The Confederate government and physicians failed to effectively advocate to the public and collect information in an organized manner, and they suffered failures in getting enough citizens and soldiers vaccinated. Some Confederate physicians like Joseph Jones studied vaccination, but this came ...
Source: Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings - February 12, 2024 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Laura Elizabeth Smith Allen Driggers Cheyenne L Douthitt Source Type: research
An updated review on nelumbo nucifera gaertn: chemical composition, nutritional value and pharmacological activities
Chem Biodivers. 2024 Feb 7:e202301493. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202301493. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNelumbo nucifera Gaertn is a recognised herbal plant in ancient medical sciences. Each portion of the plant leaf, flower, seed and rhizome is utilised for nutritional and medicinal purposes. The chemical compositions like phenol, alkaloids, glycoside, terpenoids and steroids have been isolated. The plant contains various nutritional values like lipids, proteins, amino acids, minerals, carbohydrates, and fatty acids. Traditional medicine confirms that the phytochemicals of plants give significant benefits to the treatment of va...
Source: Chemistry and Biodiversity - February 8, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bhaskar Sahu Mahendra Sahu Mukesh Sahu Megha Yadav Source Type: research
Updating Reproduction Number Estimates for Mpox in the Democratic Republic of Congo Using Surveillance Data
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024 Feb 6:tpmd230215. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0215. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIncidence of human monkeypox (mpox) has been increasing in West and Central Africa, including in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where monkeypox virus (MPXV) is endemic. Most estimates of the pathogen's transmissibility in the DRC are based on data from the 1980s. Amid the global 2022 mpox outbreak, new estimates are needed to characterize the virus' epidemic potential and inform outbreak control strategies. We used the R package vimes to identify clusters of laboratory-confirmed mpox cases in Tshuapa Province, DRC. ...
Source: Am J Trop Med Hyg - February 6, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kelly Charniga Andrea M McCollum Christine M Hughes Benjamin Monroe Joelle Kabamba Robert Shongo Lushima Toutou Likafi Beatrice Nguete Elisabeth Pukuta Elisabeth Muyamuna Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum Stomy Karhemere Didine Kaba Yoshinori Nakazawa Source Type: research
Updating Reproduction Number Estimates for Mpox in the Democratic Republic of Congo Using Surveillance Data
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024 Feb 6:tpmd230215. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0215. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIncidence of human monkeypox (mpox) has been increasing in West and Central Africa, including in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where monkeypox virus (MPXV) is endemic. Most estimates of the pathogen's transmissibility in the DRC are based on data from the 1980s. Amid the global 2022 mpox outbreak, new estimates are needed to characterize the virus' epidemic potential and inform outbreak control strategies. We used the R package vimes to identify clusters of laboratory-confirmed mpox cases in Tshuapa Province, DRC. ...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - February 6, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Kelly Charniga Andrea M McCollum Christine M Hughes Benjamin Monroe Joelle Kabamba Robert Shongo Lushima Toutou Likafi Beatrice Nguete Elisabeth Pukuta Elisabeth Muyamuna Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum Stomy Karhemere Didine Kaba Yoshinori Nakazawa Source Type: research
Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the recent Mpox outbreak
Vaccine. 2024 Feb 3:S0264-410X(24)00125-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.086. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe Mpox (formerly named Monkeypox) virus is the etiological cause of a recent multi-country outbreak, with thousands of distinct cases detected outside the endemic areas of Africa as of December 2023. In this article, we analyze the sequences of full genomes of Mpox virus from Europe and compare them with all available Mpox sequences of historical relevance, annotated by year and geographic origin, as well as related Cowpox and Variola (smallpox) virus sequences. Our results show that the recent outbreak is most li...
Source: Vaccine - February 4, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Federico M Giorgi Daniele Pozzobon Antonio Di Meglio Daniele Mercatelli Source Type: research
Live attenuated smallpox vaccine candidate (KVAC103) efficiently induces protective immune responses in mice
This study evaluated cellular and humoral immune responses to various doses, frequencies, and routes of administration of the KVAC103 strain, compared to CJ-50300 vaccine, and its protective ability against the wild-type vaccinia virus Western Reserve (VACV-WR) strain was evaluated. The binding and neutralizing-antibody titers increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the second inoculation, which increased the neutralizing-antibody titer compared to those after the single injection. In contrast, the T-cell immune response (interferon-gamma positive cells) increased after the second inoculation compared to that of C...
Source: Vaccine - February 3, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yun-Ho Hwang Yeji Byeon Sung Hyun Ahn Mi-Young Kim Sung-Hyun Byun Hyoung Jin Lee Bohyun Suh Dokeun Kim Eun Ju Jung You-Jin Kim Source Type: research
Tracing the journey of poxviruses: insights from history
AbstractThe historical significance of the poxviruses is profound, largely due to the enduring impact left by smallpox virus across many centuries. The elimination of smallpox is a remarkable accomplishment in the history of science and medicine, with centuries of devoted efforts resulting in the development and widespread administration of smallpox vaccines. This review provides insight into the pivotal historical events involving medically significant poxviruses. Understanding the remarkable saga of combatting smallpox is crucial, serving as a guidepost for potential future encounters with poxvirus infections. There is a...
Source: Archives of Virology - January 27, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Monkeypox: Can we count on the current smallpox immunization?
Virology. 2024 Jan 14;592:109994. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109994. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTwo vaccines ACAM 2000 and JYNNEOS have obtained approval from the Food and Drug Administration as preventive measures against monkeypox, contributing significantly to the management of the monkeypox epidemic. Nonetheless, research has demonstrated that smallpox vaccination offers approximately 88.8% protection against monkeypox, while immunization with these vaccines generates relatively low levels of neutralizing antibodies. In this work, we performed a comprehensive comparison of antigens between the 2022-2023 monkeypox str...
Source: Virology - January 26, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Fengwei Zhang Zili Chai Xia Wang Zehan Zhang Zilong Yang Wenting Liu Hongguang Ren Yuan Jin Junjie Yue Source Type: research
Residual Immunity from Smallpox Vaccination and Possible Protection from Mpox, China
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 Feb;30(2):321-324. doi: 10.3201/eid3002.230542.ABSTRACTAmong persons born in China before 1980 and tested for vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (VVT), 28.7% (137/478) had neutralizing antibodies, 71.4% (25/35) had memory B-cell responses, and 65.7% (23/35) had memory T-cell responses to VVT. Because of cross-immunity between the viruses, these findings can help guide mpox vaccination strategies in China.PMID:38270156 | PMC:PMC10826747 | DOI:10.3201/eid3002.230542 (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases)
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - January 25, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Yu Huang Li Guo Yanan Li Lili Ren Jiqin Nie Fengwen Xu Tingxuan Huang Jingchuan Zhong Zhangling Fan Yin Zhang Yu Xie Qiao Zhang Shan Mei Yan Xiao Xinming Wang Liuhui Xu Fei Guo Jianwei Wang Source Type: research
A Case Report of Monkeypox Disease in an Adolescent
Mikrobiyol Bul. 2024 Jan;58(1):89-95. doi: 10.5578/mb.20249909.ABSTRACTMonkeypox virus (MPXV) infection is a zoonotic disease characterized by smallpox-like rashes. It is endemic in Central and West Africa. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease as an epidemic due to a significant increase in the number of reported cases, starting from Europe and spreading to other regions, particularly in certain areas, in May 2022. On July 23, 2022, it was recognized as a public health problem of international importance. Our country has also been affected by this epidemic, and the official number of reported cases is t...
Source: Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni - January 24, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Leyla Be şel Önder Kılıçaslan Çiğdem Kırmacı Didem K ızmaz İsançlı Irmak Emre Adem Karbuz Source Type: research
