Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1742: Rendezvous with Vaccinia Virus in the Post-smallpox Era: R & amp;D Advances
Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1742: Rendezvous with Vaccinia Virus in the Post-smallpox Era: R&D Advances
Viruses doi: 10.3390/v15081742
Authors:
Yuxiang Wang
Smallpox was eradicated in less than 200 years after Edward Jenner’s practice of cowpox variolation in 1796.The forty-three years of us living free of smallpox, beginning in 1979, never truly separated us from poxviruses. The recent outbreak of monkeypox in May 2022 might well warn us of the necessity in keeping up both the scientific research and public awareness of poxviruses. One of them in particular, the vaccinia virus (VACV), has been ex...
Source: Viruses - August 15, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Yuxiang Wang Tags: Review Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 23, Pages 7134: A Robust Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks for the Detection of Monkeypox Disease from Skin Images
Morales
Monkeypox is a smallpox-like disease that was declared a global health emergency in July 2022. Because of this resemblance, it is not easy to distinguish a monkeypox rash from other similar diseases; however, due to the novelty of this disease, there are no widely used databases for this purpose with which to develop image-based classification algorithms. Therefore, three significant contributions are proposed in this work: first, the development of a publicly available dataset of monkeypox images; second, the development of a classification system based on convolutional neural networks in order to automaticall...
Source: Sensors - August 12, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Luis Mu ñoz-Saavedra Elena Escobar-Linero Javier Civit-Masot Francisco Luna-Perej ón Ant ón Civit Manuel Dom ínguez-Morales Tags: Article Source Type: research
An open-label, non-randomized study investigating the safety and efficacy of smallpox vaccine, LC16, as post-exposure prophylaxis for mpox
Volume 19, Issue 2, August 2023 . (Source: Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics)
Source: Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics - August 10, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Noriko Tomita Junko Terada-Hirashima Yukari Uemura Yosuke Shimizu Haruka Iwasaki Rina Yano Tetsuya Suzuki Sho Saito Nobumasa Okumura Wataru Sugiura Norio Ohmagari Mugen Ujiie Source Type: research
Mpox: a review of laboratory detection techniques
AbstractMpox (formerly monkeypox) is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), which, like smallpox, is characterised by skin rashes. While the world is currently grappling with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the appearance of MPXV has presented a global threat and raised concerns worldwide. Since May 2022, MPXV has spread rapidly in non-endemic mpox areas. As of 27 June 2023, the virus has spread to more than 112 countries and regions, with over 88,060 laboratory-confirmed cases and 147 deaths. Thus, measures to control the mpox epidemic are urgently needed. As the principal methods for identifying and ...
Source: Archives of Virology - August 5, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Virus-specific and shared gene expression signatures in immune cells after vaccination in response to influenza and vaccinia stimulation
ConclusionOur results provide insights into virus-host interactions in different immune cells, as well as host defense mechanisms against viral stimulation. Our data also highlights the role of monocytes as a major cell population driving gene expression in ex vivo PBMCs in response to viral stimulation. The immune response signaling pathways identified in this study may provide specific targets for the development of novel virus-specific therapeutics and improved vaccines for vaccinia and influenza. Although influenza and vaccinia viruses have been selected in this study as pathogen models, this approach could be applicab...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - August 4, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Clinical therapeutic trials
AbstractThe term clinical trial implies an investigation of a therapeutic intervention in the pursuit of evidence of benefit, short or sustained, and observations on the possibility of toxicity related to the therapeutic intervention. It is possible that the first clinical trial took place in the court of the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar circa 600 BC, as recorded in Chapter 1 of the Book of Daniel, verse 3-20. However, it is in the last 500 years that there has been good written documentation at attempts to interpret therapeutic benefit from the use of treatments. Lind’s demonstration on the usefulness of oranges and...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - August 3, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Protocol of Tecopox study: a multicentre, open-label, double-arm trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral tecovirimat therapy for patients with smallpox or monkeypox
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral tecovirimat therapy for patients with smallpox and monkeypox and to prepare a scheme for oral tecovirimat use in Japan.
Methods and analysis
This nationwide, multicentre, non-randomised, open-label, double-arm study will involve viral examination of the blood, throat swabs, urine and skin lesions, performed periodically. Participants will freely decide whether to participate in an administered group (supportive treatment plus oral tecovirimat) or a non-administered group (only supportive treatment). Tecovirimat will be administered for 14 days. To ensure that fin...
Source: BMJ Open - August 1, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Suzuki, T., Saito, S., Tsuzuki, S., Ashida, S., Takakusaki, M., Yoshikawa, T., Shimojima, M., Ebihara, H., Ohmagari, N., Morioka, S. Tags: Open access, Infectious diseases Source Type: research
Smallpox, an ancient term for various infectious diseases: the dreaded Smallpox, the almost unknown Alastrim, the Mpox
Conclusion: The recent human cases of Mpox have prompted greater surveillance and research into the biology of MPXV and other closely related poxviruses. Studies have focused on the natural history of the virus, its transmission, pathogenesis, host interactions and evolution, and on the development of drugs and vaccines to prevent its spread. (Source: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene - August 1, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Davide Orsini, Mariano Martini, Masoud Behzadifar, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi Source Type: research
Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for the Re-emerging Human Monkeypox Virus
J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Jul 25;33(12):1-7. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06033. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMonkeypox (Mpox) virus, a member of the Poxviridae family, causes a severe illness similar to smallpox, which is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, rash, and pustules. Human-to-human transmission cases have been reported but remained low since the first recorded case of human infection occurred in the Congo in 1970. Recently, Mpox has re-emerged, leading to an alarming surge in infections worldwide since 2022, originating in the United Kingdom. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially de...
Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology - July 31, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Wooseong Lee Yu-Jin Kim Su Jin Lee Dae-Gyun Ahn Seong-Jun Kim Source Type: research
Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for the Re-emerging Human Monkeypox Virus
J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Jul 25;33(12):1-7. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06033. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMonkeypox (Mpox) virus, a member of the Poxviridae family, causes a severe illness similar to smallpox, which is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, rash, and pustules. Human-to-human transmission cases have been reported but remained low since the first recorded case of human infection occurred in the Congo in 1970. Recently, Mpox has re-emerged, leading to an alarming surge in infections worldwide since 2022, originating in the United Kingdom. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially de...
Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology - July 31, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Wooseong Lee Yu-Jin Kim Su Jin Lee Dae-Gyun Ahn Seong-Jun Kim Source Type: research
Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for the Re-emerging Human Monkeypox Virus
J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Jul 25;33(8):1-7. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06033. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMonkeypox (Mpox) virus, a member of the Poxviridae family, causes a severe illness similar to smallpox, which is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, rash, and pustules. Human-to-human transmission cases have been reported but remained low since the first recorded case of human infection occurred in the Congo in 1970. Recently, Mpox has re-emerged, leading to an alarming surge in infections worldwide since 2022, originating in the United Kingdom. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially dec...
Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology - July 31, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Wooseong Lee Yu-Jin Kim Su Jin Lee Dae-Gyun Ahn Seong-Jun Kim Source Type: research
Design, evaluation, and immune simulation of potentially universal multi-epitope mpox vaccine candidate: focus on DNA vaccine
In this study, a potentially universal DNA vaccine candidate against mpox based on conserved epitopes was designed and its efficacy was evaluated via an immunoinformatics approach. The vaccine candidate demonstrated potent humoral and cellular immune responses in silico, indicating the potential efficacy in vivo and the need for further research. (Source: Frontiers in Microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - July 21, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
The prospective outcome of the monkeypox outbreak in 2022 and characterization of monkeypox disease immunobiology
A new threat to global health re-emerged with monkeypox’s advent in early 2022. As of November 10, 2022, nearly 80,000 confirmed cases had been reported worldwide, with most of them coming from places where the disease is not common. There were 53 fatalities, with 40 occurring in areas that had never before recorded monkeypox and the remaining 13 appearing in the regions that had previously reported the disease. Preliminary genetic data suggest that the 2022 monkeypox virus is part of the West African clade; the virus can be transmitted from person to person through direct interaction with lesions during sexual activity....
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - July 18, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Mpox: Rapid Evidence Review
Am Fam Physician. 2023 Jul;108(1):78-83.ABSTRACTMpox (formerly monkeypox) is a DNA virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus, similar to smallpox. Although mpox was endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo and parts of Africa, increasing numbers of cases were reported worldwide in 2022. More than 30,000 cases have been reported in the United States, and worldwide 98% of cases are found in men who have sex with men. Transmission is primarily through contact with skin lesions. The rash of mpox is often vesiculopustular and may be localized to the anogenital region or distributed on the face, trunk, limbs, palms, and soles. Two...
Source: American Family Physician - July 13, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Aaron Saguil Lindy Krebs Ulyee Choe Source Type: research
