Complete genome sequence of a novel dsRNA virus from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum
AbstractFusarium oxysporum is a widespread plant pathogen that causes fusarium wilt and fusarium root rot in many economically significant crops. Here, a novel dsRNA virus tentatively named"Fusarium oxysporum virus 1" (FoV1) was identified inF. oxysporum strain 3S-18. The genome of FoV1 is 2,944 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORF1 and 2). The larger of these, ORF2, encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of 590 amino acids with a molecular mass of 67.52  kDa. ORF1 encodes a putative nucleocapsid protein consisting of 134 amino acids with a molecular mass o...
Source: Archives of Virology - March 16, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research

TRIM21 reduces H1N1-induced inflammation and apoptosis by regulating the TBK1 –IRF3 signaling pathway in A549 cells
In this study, we investigated the role and molecular mechanism of TRIM21 in IAV infection. RT-qPCR was used to determine the level of TRIM21 mRNA, and ELISA was used to measure the levels of IFN- α, IFN-β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The levels of the TRIM21, NP, TBK1, IRF3, p-TBK1, and p-IRF3 proteins were estimated by Western blot. The results showed that, after IAV infection, TRIM21 was upregulated in clinical patient serum and A549 cells, and this was correlated with the IFN response. Overexpres sion of TRIM21 reduced IAV replication and transcription inin vitro cell experiments. TRIM21 also increased IFN- α and IFN-β level...
Source: Archives of Virology - March 13, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Modulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell and CD4+ T cell differentiation accompanied by upregulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway induced by enterovirus 71
In this study, we investigated the impact of EV71 on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and CD4+ T cells. The results showed that pDCs were promptly activated, secreting interferon (IFN)- α and inducing CD4+ T cell proliferation and differentiation during early EV71 infection. This initiated adaptive immune responses and promoted proinflammatory cytokine production by CD4+ T cells. Over time, viral nucleic acids and proteins were synthesized in pDCs and CD4+ T cells. Concurrently, the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) was activated, exhibiting an anti-inflammatory role. With constant viral stimulation, pDCs and...
Source: Archives of Virology - March 13, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Current trends and new approaches for human norovirus replication in cell culture: a literature review
AbstractHuman norovirus (HuNoV) is one of the world ’s leading causes of acute gastroenteritis. At present, effective reproduction of the virus in cell cultures remains a challenge for virologists, as there is a lack of a permissive cell line that allows the entire viral life cycle to be reproduced. This is a barrier to the study of the HuNoV life cycle, its tropism, and virus-host interactions. It is also a major hurdle for the development of viral detection platforms, and ultimately for the development of therapeutics. The lack of an inexpensive, technically simple, and easily implemented cultivation method also negati...
Source: Archives of Virology - March 8, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Correlates of immune protection against human rotaviruses: natural infection and vaccination
AbstractSpecies A rotaviruses are the leading viral cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age worldwide. Despite progress in the characterization of the pathogenesis and immunology of rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis, correlates of protection (CoPs) in the course of either natural infection or vaccine-induced immunity are not fully understood. There are numerous factors such as serological responses (IgA and IgG), the presence of maternal antibodies (Abs) in breast milk, changes in the intestinal microbiome, and rotavirus structural and non-structural proteins that contribute to the outcome of the Co...
Source: Archives of Virology - March 8, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Correction: Antiviral alternatives against important members of the subfamily parvovirinae: a review
(Source: Archives of Virology)
Source: Archives of Virology - March 8, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research

The role of pyroptosis in viral infection
This article focuses on the mechanism of pyroptosis and the connection between pyroptosis and viral infection. (Source: Archives of Virology)
Source: Archives of Virology - March 8, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Molecular characterisation of a novel sadwavirus infecting cattleya orchids in Australia
AbstractThe complete genome sequence of a novel sadwavirus infecting cattleya orchids in South East Queensland is described. Isometric virions ofc. 27 nm diameter were observed in sap extracts viewed under a transmission electron microscope, and the genome sequence  of this virus was determined by high-throughput sequencing. The viral genome consists of two RNA components, 5,910 and 4,435 nucleotides (nt) in length, each encoding a long polyprotein, with predicted cleavage sites at H/Y, E/G, Q/S, and Q/G for the RNA1 and T/G for the RNA2 translation produc ts, respectively. RNA2 has an additional small ORF of 684 nt ne...
Source: Archives of Virology - March 7, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Generation of porcine circovirus type 4 virus-like particles and their use to detect serum antibodies
In this study, we generated self-assembled PCV4 VLPs using anE. coli expression system, purified them using a two-step process, and used them to develop an indirect ELISA. This ELISA method was found to be highly specific, sensitive, and repeatable, making it suitable for PCV4 antibody detection in serum samples. Finally, the ELISA was used to analyze 422 serum samples collected from across several regions in China, 134 of which tested positive. Thus, the PCV4-VLP-based ELISA can effectively detect antibodies against PCV4 in serum samples, making it a useful tool for PCV4 epidemiology. (Source: Archives of Virology)
Source: Archives of Virology - March 7, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research

First evidence of lumpy skin disease in mithun (Bos frontalis) in India
AbstractLumpy skin disease (LSD) is a disease of cattle that is also known to cause mild infection in buffaloes. To date, there have been no reports of LSD in mithun (Bos frontalis), a bovine species distributed in Northeast India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and parts of China. In the present study, the presence of typical clinical signs, virus isolation, PCR amplification, sequence analysis, and the demonstration of antibodies in serum by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum neutralization test, confirmed the occurrence of LSD in mithun for the first time in India. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length ...
Source: Archives of Virology - March 7, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Isolation and genome-wide analysis of the novel Acinetobacter baumannii bacteriophage vB_AbaM_AB3P2
AbstractA lyticAcinetobacter baumannii phage, isolate vB_AbaM_AB3P2, was isolated from a sewage treatment plant in China.A. baumannii phage vB_AbaM_AB3P2 has a dsDNA genome that is 44,824 bp in length with a G  + C content of 37.75%. Ninety-six open reading frames were identified, and no genes for antibiotic resistance or virulence factors were found. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of this phage revealed that it represents a new species in the genusObolenskvirus. Phage vB_AbaM_AB3P2 has a short latent period (10 min) and high stability at 30 –70°C and pH 2–10 and is potentially useful for controlling multi-drug...
Source: Archives of Virology - March 7, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research

The complete genome sequence of tomato necrotic ringspot virus in chilli in Thailand derived from next-generation sequencing
AbstractTomato necrotic ringspot virus (TNRV) was first reported in Thailand in 2011, where it continues to reduce the yield and quality of pepper and tomato crops. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of TNRV isolate chilli-CR derived from next-generation sequencing. The TNRV genome comprises 16,595 nucleotides (nt) on three RNA segments. The L RNA is 8,858 nt, the M RNA is 4,724 nt, and the S RNA is 3,013 nt in length. The genome structure and organization are typical of orthotospoviruses, encoding five proteins, named L, NSm, GNGC, NSs, and N. Pairwise comparison of each genomic RNA segment and its deduced amino...
Source: Archives of Virology - March 7, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Genomic diversity of group A rotaviruses from wild boars and domestic pigs in Japan: wide prevalence of NSP5 carrying the H2 genotype
AbstractGroup A rotavirus (RVA) sequences were detected in 10.8% (23/212) and 20.7% (87/421) of fecal samples collected in 2017-2022 from wild boars and domestic pigs, using next-generation sequencing. Complete genome sequence analysis of one wild boar and 13 domestic pig RVAs revealed that six of them carried the rare H2 NSP5 genotype. Out of the 39 samples for which the NSP5 genotype could be determined, 23 (59.0%) were of genotype H2. H2 porcine RVAs consist exclusively of Japanese porcine RVAs and exhibit sequence diversity in each segment, suggesting that H2 porcine RVAs may have evolved through reassortment within th...
Source: Archives of Virology - March 7, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Molecular identification of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in Hyalomma rufipes and Amblyomma variegatum in the Upper East Region of Ghana
AbstractSampled ticks were screened for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) using an assay that targets the nucleoprotein gene region of the S segment, a conserved region of the CCHFV genome. Minimum infection rates of 0.34% and 0.10% were obtained when testing pools ofHyalomma rufipes andAmblyomma variegatum, respectively. Next-generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the S and L segments of the CCHFV isolate clustered with those of similar isolates of genotype III. However, analysis of the M segment showed that reassortment had occurred, causing this segment to cluster with those of isolates...
Source: Archives of Virology - March 6, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research

A single amino acid at position 31 in the N-terminus of the coat protein of cucumber mosaic virus determines its avirulence function for RCY1-conferred virus resistance
AbstractThe coat protein (CP) of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) yellow strain [CMV(Y)], but not the CMV B2 strain [CMV(B2)], serves as an avirulence determinant against the NB-LRR class RCY1 ofArabidopsis thaliana. To investigate the avirulence function, a series of binary vectors were constructed by partially exchanging the CP coding sequence between CMV(Y) and CMV(B2) or introducing nucleotide substitutions. These vectors were transiently expressed inNicotiana benthamiana leaves transformed with modifiedRCY1 cDNA. Analysis of hypersensitive resistance-cell death (HCD), CP accumulation, and defense gene expression at lea...
Source: Archives of Virology - March 5, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research