The antiviral potential of Phyllanthus species: a systematic review
AbstractViral infections and diseases caused by viruses are worldwide problems. According to a WHO report, three to five million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) each year globally. Since some viruses mutate very quickly, developing antiviral drugs can be a daunting task. Moreover, currently used synthetic drugs are toxic and associated with side effects. Therefore, there is a need to search for alternative natural remedies that have low toxicity, a new mechanism of action, and no major side effects.Phyllanthus plants have traditio...
Source: Archives of Virology - June 13, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chimaeric plant-produced bluetongue virus particles as potential vaccine candidates
AbstractBluetongue virus (BTV) causes bluetongue disease in ruminants and sheep. The current live attenuated and inactivated vaccines available for prevention pose several risks, and there is thus a need for vaccines that are safer, economically viable, and effective against multiple circulating serotypes. This work describes the development of recombinant virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidates in plants, which are assembled by co-expression of the four BTV serotype 8 major structural proteins. We show that substitution of a neutralising tip domain of BTV8 VP2 with that of BTV1 VP2 resulted in the assembly of VLPs th...
Source: Archives of Virology - June 13, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Antiviral response and immunopathogenesis of interleukin 27 in COVID-19
AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with a high mortality rate. The clinical course is attributed to the severity of pneumonia and systemic complications. In COVID-19 patients and murine models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the disease may be accompanied by excessive production of cytokines, leading to an accumulation of immune cells in affected organs such as lungs. Previous reports have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection antagonizes interferon (IFN)-dependent antiviral response, thereby preventing the expression of...
Source: Archives of Virology - June 13, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Molecular diversity of yam virus Y and identification of banana mild mosaic virus isolates infecting yam (Dioscorea spp.)
AbstractTwo members of the familyBetaflexiviridae associated with yam (Dioscorea spp.) have been described so far: yam latent virus (YLV) and yam virus Y (YVY). However, their geographical distribution and molecular diversity remain poorly documented. Using a nested RT-PCR assay, we detected YVY inD. alata, D. bulbifera, D. cayenensis, D. rotundata, andD. trifida in Guadeloupe, and inD. rotundata in C ôte d'Ivoire, thus extending the known host range of this virus and geographical distribution. Using amplicon sequencing, we determined that the molecular diversity of YVY in the yam samples analyzed in this work ranged bet...
Source: Archives of Virology - June 13, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Full genotype characterization of Brazilian canine G3P[3] strains during a 10-year survey (2012 –2021) of rotavirus infection in domestic dogs and cats
AbstractThere is a dearth of information on the molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses in pets in Brazil. The aim of this study was to monitor rotavirus infections in household dogs and cats, determine full-genotype constellations, and obtain data on evolutionary relationships. Between 2012 and 2021, 600 fecal samples from dogs and cats (516 and 84, respectively) were collected at small animal clinics in S ão Paulo state, Brazil. Rotavirus screening was conducted using ELISA, PAGE, RT-PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Rotavirus type A (RVA) was detected in 0.5% (3/600) of the animals. No non-RVA types were detect...
Source: Archives of Virology - June 12, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023)
This article reports changes to virus taxonomy and taxon nomenclature that were approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in April 2023. The entire ICTV membership was invited to vote on 174 taxonomic proposals that had been approved by the ICTV Executive Committee in July 2022, as well as a proposed revision of the ICTV Statutes. All proposals and the revised ICTV Statutes were approved by a majority of the voting membership. Of note, the ICTV continued the process of renaming existing species in accordance with the recently mandated binomial format and included gene transfer agent...
Source: Archives of Virology - June 10, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
A novel mammarenavirus (family Arenaviridae) in hedgehogs (Erinaceus roumanicus) in Europe
In this study, a novel mammarenavirus (familyArenaviridae) was identified in a hedgehog (family Erinaceidae) in Hungary and genetically characterized.MecsekMountainsvirus (MEMV, OP191655, OP191656) was detected in nine (45%) out of 20 faecal specimens collected from a Northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus). The L-segment proteins (RdRp and Z) and S-segment proteins (NP and GPC) of MEMV had 67.5%/70% and 74.6%/65.6% amino acid sequence identity, respectively, to the corresponding proteins of Alxa virus (speciesMammarenavirus alashanense) identified recently in an anal swab from a three-toed jerboa (Dipus sa...
Source: Archives of Virology - June 8, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Increase in rotavirus prevalence with the emergence of genotype G9P[8] in replacement of genotype G12P[6] in Sabah, Malaysia
AbstractRotaviruses are major causative agents of acute diarrhea in children under 5 years of age in Malaysia. However, a rotavirus vaccine has not been included in the national vaccination program. To date, only two studies have been carried out in the state of Sabah, Malaysia, although children in this state are at risk of diarrheal diseases. Previous studies showed that 16% –17% of cases of diarrhea were caused by rotaviruses and that equine-like G3 rotavirus strains are predominant. Because the prevalence of rotaviruses and their genotype distribution vary over time, this study was conducted at four government health...
Source: Archives of Virology - June 3, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Complete genome sequence of a carlavirus identified in grapevine (Vitis sp) in Greece
AbstractUsing high-throughput sequencing, we identified a novel carlavirus sequence in a 28-year-old ‘Kotsifali’ grapevine sample collected in Heraklion (Crete, Greece). Using RT-PCR and 5'/3' RACE together with Sanger sequencing, the complete genome sequence of 8299 nt was confirmed and found to contain five open reading frames (ORFs) but to lack an ORF6, which is present in some members of th e genusCarlavirus. The novel sequence is most similar to those of two carlaviruses infecting caper, and taking into account the ICTV nomenclature, we propose the name"grapevine carlavirus 1" for this new virus. (Source...
Source: Archives of Virology - June 1, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
SARS-CoV-2 and the nervous system: current perspectives
AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infection frequently causes neurological impairment in both adults and children. Recent publications have described significant aspects of the viral pathophysiology associated with neurological dysfunction. In theory, neurological manifestations following SARS-CoV-2 infection may be caused directly by the effects of the virus infecting the brain or indirectly by the local and systemic immune responses against the virus. Neurological manifestations can occur during the acute phase as well as in the post-acute phase of the infection. In this review, we discuss recent literature describing the association o...
Source: Archives of Virology - June 1, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Complete genome sequence of a carlavirus identified in grapevine (Vitis sp) in Greece
AbstractUsing high-throughput sequencing, we identified a novel carlavirus sequence in a 28-year-old ‘Kotsifali’ grapevine sample collected in Heraklion (Crete, Greece). Using RT-PCR and 5'/3' RACE together with Sanger sequencing, the complete genome sequence of 8299 nt was confirmed and found to contain five open reading frames (ORFs) but to lack an ORF6, which is present in some members of th e genusCarlavirus. The novel sequence is most similar to those of two carlaviruses infecting caper, and taking into account the ICTV nomenclature, we propose the name"grapevine carlavirus 1" for this new virus. (Source...
Source: Archives of Virology - June 1, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
