A highly divergent enteric calicivirus in a bovine calf in India
AbstractA highly divergent bovine calicivirus was identified in an Indian calf with enteritis. The whole genome of this virus was sequenced, revealing distinct amino acid motifs in the polyprotein encoded by open reading frame 1 (ORF1) that are unique to caliciviruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that it was related to members of the genusNebovirus of the familyCaliciviridae. Although it showed only 33.7 –34.2% sequence identity in the VP1 protein to the nebovirus prototype strains, it showed 90.6% identity in VP1 to Kirklareli virus, a nebovirus detected in calves with enteritis in Turkey in 2012. An in-house-designed ...
Source: Archives of Virology - April 17, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Detection and complete genome characterization of a genogroup X (GX) sapovirus (family Caliciviridae) from a golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Hungary
In this study, a novel genotype of genogroup X (GX) sapovirus (familyCaliciviridae) was detected in the small intestinal contents of a golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Hungary and characterised by viral metagenomics and next-generation sequencing techniques. The complete genome of the detected strain, GX/D ömsöd/DOCA-11/2020/HUN (PP105600), is 7,128 nt in length. The ORF1- and ORF2-encoded viral proteins (NSP, VP1, and VP2) have 98%, 95%, and 88% amino acid sequence identity to the corresponding proteins of genogroup GX sapoviruses from domestic pigs, but the nucleic acid sequence identity values fo r their genes are sign...
Source: Archives of Virology - April 17, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Molecular characterization of the whole genome of H9N2 avian influenza virus isolated from Egyptian poultry farms
In this study, we sequenced the entire genome of AIV H9N2 isolated from chickens in Egypt in 2021, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Phylogenetic analysis of the resulting sequences showed that the studied strain was generally monophyletic and grouped within the G1 sublineage of the Eurasian lineage. Four segments (polymerase basic 2 [PB2], polymerase basic 1 [PB1], polymerase acidic [PA], and non-structural [NS]) were related to Egyptian genotype II, while the nucleoprotein (NP), neuraminidase (NA), matrix (M), and haemagglutinin (HA) segments were related to Egyptian genotype I. Molecular analysis reveal...
Source: Archives of Virology - April 16, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Complete genome sequence of a novel badnavirus infecting Fatsia japonica in China
AbstractThe complete genome sequence of a novel badnavirus, tentatively named “fatsia badnavirus 1” (FaBV1, OM540428), was identified inFatsia japonica. The infected plant displayed virus-like symptoms on leaves, including yellowing and chlorosis. The genome of FaBV1 is 7313 bp in length and similar in size and organization to other members of the genusBadnavirus (familyCaulimoviridae), containing four open reading frames (ORFs), three of which are found in all known badnaviruses, and the other of which is only present in some badnaviruses. The virus has the genome characteristics of badnaviruses, including a tRNAMet b...
Source: Archives of Virology - April 15, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in Xinjiang, China, from 2020 to 2022
In this study, we investigated the genetic characteristics of currently prevalent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strains in the region. We collected 548 samples from animals with suspected PED on large-scale pig farms in Xinjiang. Of these, 258 tested positive for PEDV by RT-PCR, yielding an overall positivity rate of 47.08%.S1 gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were conducted on 23 randomly selected RT-PCR-positive samples. Three endemic strains of PEDV (PEDV/CH/XU/2020, PEDV/CH/XK/2020, and PEDV/CH/XA/2020) were isolated, and their complete genome sequences were analyzed for evidence of genetic recombinati...
Source: Archives of Virology - April 15, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Analysis of the interaction between the ORF42 and ORF55 proteins encoded by Kaposi ’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
AbstractKaposi ’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) causes Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman disease. The tegument is a structure that is unique to herpesviruses that includes host and viral proteins, including the viral ORF42 and ORF55 proteins. Alphaherpesvirus tegum ent proteins have been well studied, but much is unknown regarding KSHV. Here, we report an interaction between the ORF42 and ORF55 proteins. ORF55 interacted with and recruited ORF42 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. When ORF42 and ORF55 were expressed simultaneously in cultured cells, the express ion level of ...
Source: Archives of Virology - April 15, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Genetic and virological characteristics of a reassortant avian influenza A H6N1 virus isolated from wild birds at a live-bird market in Egypt
We examined the replication of kinetics of this virus in different mammalian cell lines (A549, MDCK, and Vero cells) and compared its pathogenicity to that of the ancestral H6N1 virus A/Quail/HK/421/2002(H6N1). The Egyptian H6N1 virus replicated efficiently in C57BL/6 mice without prior adaptation and grew faster and reached higher titers than in A549 cells than the ancestral strain. These results show that reassortant H6 AIVs might pose a potential threat to human health and highlight the need to continue surveillance of H6 AIVs circulating in nature. (Source: Archives of Virology)
Source: Archives of Virology - April 9, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Vector transmission of parsley yellow leaf curl virus by the leafhopper Austroagallia sinuata
In this study, the ability ofAustroagallia leafhoppers, which are commonly found on vegetable farms in Kerman province (Iran), to transmit this virus was studied. After a two-day acquisition access period,Austroagallia sp. successfully transmitted the virus from PYLCV-infected parsley to healthy seedlings. On the basis of male genitalia morphology, the species of leafhopper was identified asA. sinuata. This is the first report of a transmission of plant virus by a member of the genusAustroagallia. (Source: Archives of Virology)
Source: Archives of Virology - April 9, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Rapid and sensitive visual detection of avian leukosis virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a lateral flow immunochromatographic strip assay
AbstractConsidering that avian leukosis virus (ALV) infection has inflicted massive economic losses on the poultry breeding industry in most countries, its early diagnosis remains an important measure for timely treatment and control of the disease, for which a rapid and sensitive point-of-care test is required. We established a user-friendly, economical, and rapid visualization method for ALV amplification products based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) combined with an immunochromatographic strip in a lateral flow device (LFD). Using the ALVp27 gene as the target, five RT-LAMP pri...
Source: Archives of Virology - April 9, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Identification of a novel HIV-1 third-generation circulating recombinant form (CRF126_0755) in Guangdong, China
AbstractThe genetic recombination patterns and genetic distribution of HIV-1 are valuable for elucidating the epidemic and genetic diversity of HIV. Numerous HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) have recently emerged and disseminated rapidly. In China, at least 32 CRFs have been reported to account for more than 80% of all HIV infections. However, CRFs derived from the CRF07_BC and CRF55_01B lineages have never been recorded. Here, a novel third-generation CRF involving HIV-1 was identified in four HIV-1-infected patients in Guangdong, China, who had no epidemiological association with each other. Phylogenetic and re...
Source: Archives of Virology - April 8, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Complete genome analysis of a novel narnavirus in sweet viburnum (Viburnum odoratissimum)
In this study, we discovered a new positive-sense RNA virus originating fromViburnum odoratissimum, which we named"Vo narna-like virus". The complete genome of Vo narna-like virus is 3,451 nt in length with an open reading frame (ORF) encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) protein. Phylogenetic analysis placed this virus within the betanarnavirus clade, sharing 53.63% amino acid sequence identity with its closest relative, Qingdao RNA virus 2. The complete sequence of the virus was confirmed by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and Sanger sequencing. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) analysis indicate...
Source: Archives of Virology - April 5, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Prevalence, genotypes, and infection risk factors of psittacine beak and feather disease virus and budgerigar fledgling disease virus in captive birds in Hong Kong
This study involved sampling and testing of 516 captive birds from households, pet shops, and an animal clinic in Hong Kong for PBFDV and BFDV. The results showed that PBFDV and BFDV were present in 7.17% and 0.58% of the samples, respectively. These rates were lower than those reported in most parts of Asia. Notably, the infection rates of PBFDV in pet shops were significantly higher compared to other sources, while no BFDV-positive samples were found in pet shops. Most of the positive samples came from parrots, but PBFDV was also detected in two non-parrot species, including Swinhoe ’s white-eyes (Zosterops simplex), w...
Source: Archives of Virology - April 5, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
miR-3188 inhibits hepatitis B virus transcription by targeting Bcl-2
AbstractTranscription of the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is subject to dual regulation by host factors and viral proteins. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate the expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level. Systematic investigation of miRNA expression in HBV infection and the interaction between HBV and miRNAs may deepen our understanding of the transcription mechanisms of HBV cccDNA, thereby providing opportunities for intervention. miRNA sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to analyze miRNA expression after HBV infection of cultured cells. Clin...
Source: Archives of Virology - April 2, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
In vitro suppression of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus by Panax notoginseng saponins: assessing antiviral potential
This study provides i nsights into the potential mechanisms underlying the antiviral effects of PNS. Taken together, the results suggest that the PNS might effectively regulate the defense response to the virus and have potential to be used in antiviral therapies. (Source: Archives of Virology)
Source: Archives of Virology - April 2, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 strains via isothermal enzymatic recombinase amplification and nanopore sequencing
In this study, we demonstrate the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 and identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants by amplification and sequencing of the entire SARS-CoV-2 S gene using isothermal enzymatic recombinase amplification combined with the advanced Oxford nanopore sequencing technique. The entire procedure, from sampling to sequencing, takes less than 8 hours and can be performed with limited resources. The newly developed method has noteworthy implications for examining the transmission dynamics of the virus, detecting novel genetic variants, and assessing the effect of mutations on diagnostic approaches, antiviral treatme...
Source: Archives of Virology - April 2, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
