Characterization of a novel endornavirus isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani
AbstractRhizoctonia solani endornavirus 8 (RsEV8) was isolated from strain XY175 ofRhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA. The full-length genome of RsEV8 is 16,147 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains a single open reading frame that encodes a large polyprotein of 5227 amino acids. The polyprotein contains four conserved domains: viral methyltransferase, putative DEAH box helicase, viral helicase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). RsEV8 has a shorter 3'-UTR (58 nt) and a longer 5'-UTR (404 nt). A multiple sequence alignment indicated that the RdRp of RsEV8 possesses eight typical RdRp motifs. According to a BLASTp analysis,...
Source: Archives of Virology - January 2, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Genetic characteristics and geographic distribution of rabies virus in China
In this study, we examined the full-length genome sequences of 87 rabies virus (RABV) strains identified in China from 1931 to 2019. Chinese RABV isolates were divided into two major clades, GI and GII. Clade GI consisted of viruses from the Asian clade, which was further divided into three subclades: Asian1, Asian2, and Asian3. Clade GII consisted of viruses from the Cosmopolitan, Arctic-related, and Indian clades. A phylogeographic network showed that the variation of rabies virus was more closely associated with geographic location than with the host species. Recombination appears to be one of the factors driving the em...
Source: Archives of Virology - December 29, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
A novel bipartite negative-stranded RNA mycovirus of the order Bunyavirales isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium sibiricum
AbstractA novel negative-stranded RNA mycovirus was isolated from the phytopathogenic fungusFusarium sibiricum strain AH32. This virus, tentatively named"Fusarium sibiricum coguvirus 1" (FsCV1), has a bipartite genome consisting of two RNA segments (RNA1 and RNA2). The negative-sense RNA1 is 6711 nt in length, encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, p251) in the viral complementary (vc) strand. The ambisense RNA2 (1204 nt long) encodes two proteins from overlapping genes: the nucleocapsid protein (NP, p38) in the vc strand and a protein of unknown function (UFP, p36) in the viral (v) strand. In contrast ...
Source: Archives of Virology - December 28, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Identification of small circular DNA viruses in coyote fecal samples from Arizona (USA)
AbstractCoyotes (Canis latrans) have a broad geographic distribution across North and Central America. Despite their widespread presence in urban environments in the USA, there is limited information regarding viruses associated with coyotes in the USA and in particular the state of Arizona. To explore viruses associated with coyotes, particularly small DNA viruses, 44 scat samples were collected (April –June 2021 and November 2021–January 2022) along the Salt River near Phoenix, Arizona (USA), along 43 transects (500 m). From these samples, we identified 11 viral genomes: two novel circoviruses, six unclassified cres...
Source: Archives of Virology - December 28, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Genetic diversity and relatedness of feline parvovirus in Vietnam and its potential implications for canine-feline transmission
In this study, 19 rectal swab samples were collected from northern Vietnam in 2018 –2019 and screened for the presence of FPV using PCR. Through sequence analysis of the full-length VP2 gene, it was found that the FPV strains detected in Vietnam were closely related to those obtained from dogs in Vietnam, Asia, Europe, and America. Moreover, the FPV strains found in Vietnam may constitute a distinct group, related to viruses sampled in China. Interestingly, most of the nucleotide changes identified were T-C substitutions. (Source: Archives of Virology)
Source: Archives of Virology - December 15, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Long-term passages of Plantago asiatica mosaic virus alter virulence and multiplication in Nicotiana benthamiana plants
AbstractWe demonstrated the infectivity and host adaptation of a viola isolate of Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV-Vi) in an asymptomatic host,Nicotiana benthamiana, through long-term serial passages. Serial passaging of a green fluorescent protein –tagged full-length cDNA clone of PlAMV-Vi (PlAMV-ViGFP) inN. benthamiana plants resulted in the appearance of a new virus line inducing leaf-crinkle symptoms, the Leaf Crinkle (LC) line. Virus titers were higher for both in the LC and the 14th passage line(s) of PlAMV-ViGFP compared with the original line. The LC line was found to have seven unique nucleotide mutations t...
Source: Archives of Virology - December 14, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Detection and characterization of a putative emaravirus infecting Clematis brevicaudata DC. in China
AbstractA novel emaravirus, tentatively named “clematis yellow mottle associated virus” (CYMaV), was identified through transcriptome sequencing and RT-PCR analysis of yellow-mottled leaf samples fromClematis brevicaudata DC. The genome of CYMaV consists of five viral RNAs: RNA1 (6591 nucleotides, nt), RNA2 (1982 nt), RNA3a (1301 nt), RNA3b (1397 nt), and RNA4 (1192 nt). The 13-nt sequences at the 5 ′- and 3′-termini of the CYMaV RNAs are conserved and have reverse complementary, as typically seen in emaraviruses. The proteins encoded by CYMaV shared the highest amino acid sequence similarity with those of the uncl...
Source: Archives of Virology - December 14, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Separation of spring viraemia of carp virus from large-volume samples using immunomagnetic beads
AbstractA method for separation of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) from large-volume samples using immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) coated with a polyclonal antibody against SVCV was developed. The optimum amount of IMBs was 2 mg in 100 mL. After IMB treatment, the detection limit of SVCV in reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was 103 times the 50% tissue culture infectious dose per mL in 100-mL samples. The concentration of viral RNA extracted from SVCV that had been separated using IMBs was 5.18 × 103-fold higher than that of the unseparated SVCV. When fish samples were tested, the concordance rates of the ...
Source: Archives of Virology - December 12, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Effects of neddylation on viral infection: an overview
AbstractNeddylation is a post-translational modification that plays an important role not only in cancer development but also in regulating viral infection and replication. Upregulation of neddylation occurs in viral infections, and inhibition of neddylation can suppress viral replication. Neddylation is thought to enhance viral protein stability and replication. Neddylation has been reported to enhance the stability of the regulatory hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein, modulate viral replication, and enhance hepatocarcinogenesis. Inhibition of neddylation using the NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 inhibitor MLN4924 inhibits vira...
Source: Archives of Virology - December 11, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Characterization of the novel temperate Escherichia coli phage phiStx2k
AbstractA novel temperate phage, phiStx2k, was induced from a clinicalEscherichia coli isolate producing Shiga toxin (Stx) 2k. The phage particles have an icosahedral head (50 nm in diameter) and a long non-contractile tail (149 nm long). The phage genome consists of 46,647 bp of double-stranded DNA with an average G + C content of 51%. Genome sequence comparisons suggested that phiStx2k represents a new genus in the classCaudoviricetes. phiStx2k was capable of converting non-Stx-producingE. coli strains to Stx producers. These results expand our knowledge on the characteristics of Stx phages and highlight the potenti...
Source: Archives of Virology - December 11, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Differential role of NSs genes in the neurovirulence of two genogroups of Akabane virus causing postnatal encephalomyelitis
AbstractAkabane virus (AKAV) is a member of the genusOrthobunyavirus, familyPeribunyaviridae. In addition to AKAV strains that cause fetal Akabane disease, which is characterized by abortion in ruminants, some AKAV strains cause postnatal infection characterized by nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis in ruminants. Here, we focused on the NSs protein, a virulence factor for most viruses belonging to the genusOrthobunyavirus, and we hypothesized that this protein would act as a neurovirulence factor in AKAV strains causing postnatal encephalomyelitis. We generated AKAV strains that were unable to produce the NSs protein, derive...
Source: Archives of Virology - December 11, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Genomic and biological characteristics of a novel lytic phage, vB_MscM-PMS3, infecting the opportunistic zoonotic pathogen Mammaliicoccus sciuri
AbstractMammaliicoccus sciuri is an opportunistic zoonotic pathogen in humans and animals. We isolated theMammaliicoccus phage vB_MscM-PMS3, which was also able to infect and lyseM. sciuri andM. lentus. The phage genome is a linear dsDNA that is 147,811 bp in length and contains 206 ORFs and three tRNA genes. It showed low genome coverage (< 17%) and sequence identity (< 91.3%) to other phage genomes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome and major capsid protein revealed that this phage clustered with members of the subfamilyTwortvirinae of the familyHerelleviridae, but it was distinctly separated fr...
Source: Archives of Virology - December 11, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Evaluation of the effect of sample suspension concentration and viral load on the outcome of the rabies tissue culture infection test
In this study, we examined various brain suspension concentrations and viral loads in Neuro-2a cell cultures using 20 rabies-positive bovine samples. The reproducibility of results varied: 65% showed consistent outcomes across all concentrations, while 35% disagreed in at least one. Viral titers ranged from less than 25 × 101 to 25 × 103.50 TCID50/mL, with 20% below 25 × 101 TCID50/mL. Concentrations between 5% and 20% yielded over 90% agreement in positive results, but at 30%, agreement dropped from 85% to 50%. Cell confluence was successfully maintained at 5%, 10%, and 20%, while concentrations of 30% a...
Source: Archives of Virology - December 10, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Genetic insights into the microevolutionary dynamics and early introductions of human monkeypox virus in Mexico
In this study, we analyzed 880 MPV isolates worldwide to gain insights into the evolutionary patterns and initial introduction events of the virus in Mexico. We found that MPV entered Mexico on multiple occasions, from the United Kingdom, Portugal, and Canada, and subsequently spread locally in different regions of Mexico. Additionally, we show that MPV has an open pangenome, highlighting the role of gene turnover in shaping its genomic diversity, rather than single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which do not contribute significantly to genome diversity. Although the genome contains multiple SNPs in coding regions, these...
Source: Archives of Virology - December 9, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Sequence variation of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and healthy volunteer subjects
AbstractEpstein-Barr virus –related malignancies have been linked to variations in the sequences of EBV genes, notably EBNA1. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the DBD/DD domain and USP7 binding domain sequences at the C-terminus of the EBNA1 gene in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This s tudy included 40 CLL patients and 21 healthy volunteers. Using commercial kits, total DNA was extracted from buffy coat samples, and each sample was tested for the presence of the EBV genome. The C-terminus of EBNA1 was then amplified from positive samples, using nested PCR. Sanger sequencing was us e...
Source: Archives of Virology - December 8, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
