455. AI-Derived Neuroanatomical Subtypes of Schizophrenia and Their Expression During Disease Onset and in Unaffected Siblings
Schizophrenia (SCZ) has a heterogeneous presentation of symptoms, clinical outcomes and response to treatment, which suggest the presence of different subtypes. Heterogeneity likely hinders the understanding of psychosis neurobiology and prevents progress from symptom-based diagnoses to biology-based diagnoses. We used a data-driven, deep-learning analysis of MRI data to examine neuroanatomical subtypes of psychotic disorders. We also examine the extent to which the neuroanatomical subtypes were expressed in first-episode patients (FEP) and in unaffected siblings of patients with SCZ (SIBS). (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - April 29, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mathilde Antoniades, Zhijian Yang, Ganesh Chand, Hugo Schnack, Russell T. Shinohara, Antonia N. Kaczkurkin, Tyler M. Moore, Raquel E. Gur, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Marta Di Forti, Simone Ciufolini, Marcus V. Zanetti, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Geraldo F. Source Type: research
454. Elevated Intrinsic Cortical Curvature in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Structural Deformation of Functional Activity Areas
Growing research shows abnormal brain structure and connectivity in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) compared to first-line-responders (TxR) and healthy-controls (HC). While differences are documented as early as first-episode-psychosis (FEP), structural and connectivity measures including thickness, volume, functional connectivity, and diffusion, show susceptibility to antipsychotic treatment and interpatient heterogeneity that may limit their clinical and research use for TRS. (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - April 29, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Edgardo Torres Carmona, Fumihiko Ueno, Yusuke Iwata, Shinichiro Nakajima, Jianmeng Song, Wanna Mar, Ali Abdolizadeh, Sri Mahavir Agarwal, Vincenzo De Luca, Gary Remington, Philip Gerretsen, Ariel Graff-Guerrero Source Type: research
449. Replication of Hallucination Severity Associating With Reduced Auditory-Language Cortex Connectivity in a Biological Subtype of Psychotic Disorders
Altered properties of auditory and language brain systems may contribute to auditory hallucinations. Previously both common and psychosis subgroup-specific functional connectivity associations were found with hallucination severity in the Bipolar Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes-1 (B-SNIP-1) sample (Okuneye et al., 2020). Subgroups included diagnosis (schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar) or the three B-SNIP Biotype groups based on neurobiological similarity. All patients showed increased connectivity within left auditory regions associated with greater hallucination severity. (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - April 29, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Isaac Toscano, Carol Tamminga, Elena Ivleva, Brett Clementz, Jennifer McDowell, Godfrey Pearlson, Matcheri Keshavan, Elliot Gershon, Sarah Keedy Source Type: research
448. Intact Attentional Modulation of the Early Auditory Gamma-Band Response in First-Episode Psychosis
This study examined the integrity of the early auditory gamma-band response (EAGBR), an evoked oscillatory response occurring ∼50ms following stimulus presentation, and its modulation by attention in first-episode schizophrenia (FESz). (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - April 29, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Annika Esseku, Alfredo Sklar, Jenay Kocsis, Dylan Seebold, Mark T. Curtis, Brian Coffman, Dean Salisbury Source Type: research
446. Subthreshold Psychosis in 3q29 Deletion Syndrome
3q29 deletion syndrome (3q29del) is associated with a 40-fold (OR> 40) increased risk for schizophrenia. However, the prevalence of subthreshold psychosis, the specific symptom profile, and the relationship with executive function are not understood. (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - April 29, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Daniela Bishop, Matthew K. Harner, Teresa Irving, John Purcell, Rebecca Pollak, Anthony Deo, Michele Pato, Jennifer Mulle Source Type: research
442. Using a Fixed-Capacity Model of Working Memory to Understand Brain Activity During Motivated Behavior in Schizophrenia
Deficits in motivation and cognitive control are significantly disabling and treatment resistant aspects of schizophrenia (SZ). While these features are often studied in isolation, they are integrated in striato-frontal circuitry and modulated by dopamine. Using fMRI, we investigated mechanisms of reward and cognitive control thought to contribute to approach-motivation abnormalities in individuals with SZ. We hypothesized that SZs would show a decreased ability to modulate performance to increasing rewards, which would be reflected by reduced striato-frontal activity. (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - April 29, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tyler Lesh, Joshua Rhilinger, Tiffany Chen, Marina Albuquerque, Sarvenaz Pakzad, Lia Gugava, Timothy Hanks, Randall O'Reilly, Cameron Carter Source Type: research
441. Age-Dependent Vulnerability in Prefrontal Cortex Parvalbumin and Somatostatin Interneurons in Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with broad symptomatology and pathophysiology. Previous work has shown that gene expression changes in the brains of SCZ cases relative to healthy controls can be parsimoniously explained by changes in particular cell types. Despite established implications of GABAergic interneurons in SCZ, there is no consensus as to whether transcriptomic changes can be attributed to changes in cell proportions or changes in mRNA expression per cell. (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - April 29, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Daniel Kiss, Xiaolin Zhou, Keon Arbabi, Andreea Diaconescu, Shreejoy Tripathy Source Type: research
440. Sex Differences in Gene Expression Across the Striatum in Psychosis
Psychosis is a defining feature of schizophrenia and highly prevalent in bipolar disorder. Despite known sex differences in the symptoms and progression of these disorders, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms driving these differences. Prior work from our group identified diurnal alterations in gene expression across the human striatum in psychosis. Here, we investigated sex differences in the transcriptome within striatal subregions in subjects with psychosis. (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - April 29, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kyle Ketchesin, Megan Perez, Wei Zong, Madeline Scott, Marianne Seney, RuoFei Yin, Mariah Hildebrand, Kelly Cahill, Vaishnavi Shankar, Jill Glausier, David Lewis, George Tseng, Colleen McClung Source Type: research
438. Meta-Regression of Adjunctive Treatment Trials for Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia
A major challenge in schizophrenia drug development has been translating promising single-site findings to multicenter efficacy trials. Recently, a meta-analysis of studies in schizophrenia reported differential scaling of active and placebo treatment arms with increasing sample size, occurring in both monotherapy studies of antipsychotics and for adjunctive trials of negative symptoms. Here, we performed a similar analysis in treatment trials for cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - April 29, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jayda Melnitsky, Shannon Peleg, Megan Mayer, Tse-Hwei Choo, Daniel Javitt, Joshua Kantrowitz Source Type: research
437. Identification of Brain/Behavior-Based Pro-Cognitive Pharmacodynamic Effects for ALTO-101 in Healthy Volunteers: Results From a Randomized, Double-Blind Phase 1 Study
ALTO-101 is a selective brain-penetrant PDE4 inhibitor shown to increase cAMP levels in brain regions critical for cognition, memory, and mood and may have potential as a novel treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Here we sought to identify pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers for ALTO-101 that could indicate its effects on cognitive processes. (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - April 29, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Akshay Sujatha Ravindran, Guhan Sundar, Samantha Goncalves, Chao Wang, Li Shen, Maimon Rose, Joshua Jordan, Nicholas Cooper, Sebastian Marquez, Faizan Badami, Wei Wu, Amit Etkin, Adam Savitz Source Type: research
436. Effects of Personalized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Social Cognitive Network Functional Connectivity in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) often feature social cognitive impairments, which are debilitating and lack treatment options. This feasibility study examined the effect of individually-targeted repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) on social cognitive network functional connectivity (i.e., mentalizing and simulation networks) in individuals with SSDs. (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - April 29, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lindsay Oliver, Daniel Blumberger, Colin Hawco, Erin Dickie, Julia Gallucci, Jerrold Jeyachandra, Zhi-De Deng, James Gold, George Foussias, Miklos Argyelan, Zafiris Daskalakis, Robert Buchanan, Anil Malhotra, Aristotle Voineskos Source Type: research
435. Improvement of Auditory Steady State Response (ASSR) and Auditory Hallucinations in First-Episode Schizophrenia: Preliminary Findings From a Single-Blind RCT of Auditory Control Enhancement (ACE) Therapy
Auditory steady state response (ASSR) during selective attention is generally reduced in first-episode psychosis (FEP), indicating auditory attentional control dysfunction. However, within FEP, ASSR to sounds presented during diverted attention increases with the severity of auditory hallucinations. Here we present early findings from a single-blind RCT of Auditory Control Enhancement (ACE) therapy in FEP. (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - April 29, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Brian Coffman, Dylan Seebold, Jenay Kocsis, Francisco-Jos é López-Caballero, Alfredo Sklar, Dean Salisbury Source Type: research
430. Multimodal Evidence of Mediodorsal Thalamus-Prefrontal Circuit Dysfunctions in Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis: Findings From a Combined 7T fMRI, MRSI and Sleep High-Density EEG Study
Reduced mediodorsal thalamus-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (MD-Thal/DLPFC) resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) connectivity and decreased thalamically-generated sleep spindles in DLPFC have been reported in patients with Schizophrenia (SCZ). However, evidence of these alterations, including their relationships with underlying neurotransmission, in clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR), where early detection can facilitate timely interventions, is lacking. (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - April 29, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ahmadreza Keihani, Francesco Donati, Ahmad Mayeli, Chloe Huston, Sabine Janssen, James David Wilson, Fabio Ferrarelli Source Type: research
429. Evidence for Abnormal Cortical Excitability Across Sensory Modalities in High Schizotypy
Sensory responses in schizophrenia are generally characterized as hypo-excitable, particularly to auditory stimuli. However, individuals with subclinical schizophrenia-like traits (schizotypy) tend to experience high numbers of illusions in the Pattern Glare Test (PGT), suggesting behavioral hyperexcitability. In the current study, we sought to examine the interaction between behavioral hyperexcitability and sensory neural responses in schizotypy. (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - April 29, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Wendy Torrens, Jenna Pablo, Michelle Ruiz, Rasia Yankaway, Marian E. Berryhill, Sarah Haigh Source Type: research
428. The Complex MMN as a Potential Indicator of Psychosis Across All Phases of illness: A Meta-Analysis
Over the past decade, there has been extensive research on mismatch negativity (MMN) and its promise as a biomarker of illness severity in people with schizophrenia (SZ). Nevertheless, when attempting to assess the early stages of illness progression, the utility of MMN has been inconsistent. Recently, researchers have been investigating a more advanced MMN paradigm (the complex MMN [cMMN]) which is believed to index higher-order cognitive processing and has been suggested to be a more effective indicator of the early phases of SZ. (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - April 29, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ashley Francis, Sydney Slaunwhite-Hay, Kara Dempster, Natalia Jaworska, Philip Tibbo, Derek Fisher Source Type: research
