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Total 656 results found since Jan 2013.

NOD1 activation induces oxidative stress via NOX1/4 in adipocytes.
Abstract Activation of innate immune components promotes cell autonomous inflammation in adipocytes. Oxidative stress links pattern recognition receptor-mediated detection of inflammatory ligands and the immune response. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may mediate the effect of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein-1 (NOD1) activation on inflammation in adipocytes. Here, we define the potential role of NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived ROS in NOD1-mediated inflammatory response in adipocytes. Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with NOD1 activating ligand D-gamma-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP)...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - December 3, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Sharma A, Singh S, Ahmad S, Gulzar F, Schertzer JD, Tamrakar AK Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Biochemical characterization of the dicing activity of Dicer-like 2 in the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa.
Abstract Dicing of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into small RNA is an essential process to trigger transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing. Using cell-free extracts of the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, we successfully detected the dicing activity of one of two N. crassa Dicers NcDCL2. The predominant 23-nucleotide (nt) cleavage product was always detected from 30-nt to 130-nt dsRNA substrates, and additional products of approximately 18 to 28 nt were occasionally produced. The enzymatic properties of NcDCL2 are different from those of insect and plant small interfering RNA (siRNA)-produ...
Source: Fungal Genetics and Biology - December 1, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Tabara M, Koiwa H, Suzuki N, Fukuhara T Tags: Fungal Genet Biol Source Type: research

Loss of Small-RNA-Directed DNA Methylation in the Plant Cell Cycle Promotes Germline Reprogramming and Somaclonal Variation.
Abstract 5-methyl cytosine is widespread in plant genomes in both CG and non-CG contexts. During replication, hemi-methylation on parental DNA strands guides symmetric CG methylation on nascent strands, but non-CG methylation requires modified histones and small RNA guides. Here, we used immortalized Arabidopsis cell suspensions to sort replicating nuclei and determine genome-wide cytosine methylation dynamics during the plant cell cycle. We find that symmetric mCG and mCHG are selectively retained in actively dividing cells in culture, whereas mCHH is depleted. mCG becomes transiently asymmetric during S phase bu...
Source: Current Biology - November 27, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Borges F, Donoghue MTA, LeBlanc C, Wear EE, Tanurdžić M, Berube B, Brooks A, Thompson WF, Hanley-Bowdoin L, Martienssen RA Tags: Curr Biol Source Type: research

Up-regulation of thioredoxin system by puerarin inhibits lipid uptake in macrophages.
In this study, we investigated the effects of puerarin on lipid uptake and explored the underlying molecular regulation. We found puerarin up-regulated thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) and Trx reductase-1 (TrxR1) expression; it increased TrxR1 activity, cellular thiols contents and decreased oxidized form of Trx1, thus inhibiting cellular ROS generation. Confocal microscope and flow cytometry analysis showed fluorescence labeled Dil-oxLDL uptake was dramatically inhibited by puerarin in RAW264.7 cells as well as in primary bone marrow derived macrophages and peritoneal macrophages. The effects were reversed when Trx1 was inhibited by ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - November 23, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Li W, Xu X, Dong D, Lei T, Ou H Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Role of BMAL1 and CLOCK in regulating the secretion of melatonin in chick retina under monochromatic green light.
Abstract As the circadian pacemaker of birds, the retina possesses the ability to receive light information, generate circadian oscillation, and secrete melatonin. Previous studies have confirmed that monochromatic green light can accelerate the circadian rhythmic expression of clock genes in the chick retina, thereby increasing cAanat mRNA level and melatonin secretion. However, as the core components of the transcriptional-translational negative feedback loop, the role that cBmal1 and cClock plays in the regulation of the retinal molecular clock system and melatonin secretion under monochromatic green light is u...
Source: Chronobiology International - October 28, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Bian J, Wang Z, Dong Y, Cao J, Chen Y Tags: Chronobiol Int Source Type: research

A new strategy for siRNA stabilization by an artificial cationic oligosaccharide
(Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science) Instability of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is one of the obstacles in the development of siRNA-based drugs. Researchers at Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science and Tokyo University of Science have developed a new strategy for improvement of siRNA stability by using an artificial cationic oligosaccharide combined with phosphorothioate linkages.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - October 16, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Codelivery of BV6 and anti-IL6 siRNA by hyaluronate-conjugated PEG-chitosan-lactate nanoparticles inhibits tumor progression
Publication date: Available online 14 September 2020Source: Life SciencesAuthor(s): Sevda Salimifard, Fariba Karoon Kiani, Farzaneh Sadat Eshaghi, Sepideh Izadi, Kolsoom Shahdadnejad, Ali Masjedi, Morteza Heydari, Armin Ahmadi, Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi, Hadi Hassannia, Hamed Mohammadi, Samaneh Boroumand-Noughabi, Mohammad Reza Keramati, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
Source: Life Sciences - September 16, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Inhibition of CD73 using folate targeted nanoparticles carrying anti-CD73 siRNA potentiates anticancer efficacy of Dinaciclib
Publication date: 15 October 2020Source: Life Sciences, Volume 259Author(s): Shahin Hallaj, Sima Heydarzadeh Asl, Fatemeh Alian, Sajjad Farshid, Farzaneh Sadat Eshaghi, Afshin Namdar, Fatemeh Atyabi, Ali Masjedi, Tooba Hallaj, Anahita Ghorbani, Ghasem Ghalamfarsa, Mozhdeh Sojoodi, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
Source: Life Sciences - August 24, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Angelica dahurica promoted angiogenesis and accelerated wound healing in db/db mice via the HIF-1 α/PDGF-β signaling pathway.
In this study, we found that Angelica dahurica (A. dahurica) stimulated angiogenesis and benefited wound healing in genetic mouse models of diabetes. In HUVECs, A. dahurica promoted cell proliferation and tube formation, which was accompanied by increased nuclear translocation of HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions and led to elevated PDGF-β protein expression. A. dahurica activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which was abrogated by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Furthermore, the cellular expression of PDGF-β decreased significantly after treatment with a HIF-1α-siRNA, a...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - August 23, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Guo J, Hu Z, Yan F, Lei S, Li T, Li X, Xu C, Sun B, Pan C, Chen L Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Down regulation of glutathione and glutamate cysteine ligase in the inflammatory response of macrophages.
In conclusion, these data suggest that GCLC down-regulation in the inflammatory response of macrophages is mediated through both increased mRNA decay and caspase-5-mediated GCLC protein degradation, and γ-GC is an efficient agent to restore GSH and regulate the inflammatory response. PMID: 32682927 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - July 15, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Zhang H, Zhang SJ, Lyn N, Florentino A, Li A, Davies KJA, Forman HJ Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

The uricosuric benzbromarone disturbs the mitochondrial redox homeostasis and activates the NRF2 signaling pathway in HepG2 cells.
In conclusion, benzbromarone increases mitochondrial O2•- accumulation and activates the NRF2 signaling pathway in HepG2 cells, thereby strengthening the cytosolic and mitochondrial antioxidative defense. Impaired antioxidative defense may represent a risk factor for benzbromarone-induced hepatotoxicity. PMID: 32198009 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - March 16, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Roos NJ, Duthaler U, Bouitbir J, Krähenbühl S Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Melatonin induces mitochondrial apoptosis in osteoblasts by regulating the STIM1/cytosolic calcium elevation/ERK pathway
This study aimed to determine the mechanism by which melatonin inhibits the proliferation of osteoblasts.Main methodsCell viability experiment, DNA fragment detection and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays were performed to determine the effects of melatonin on the proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of osteoblasts. We used immunofluorescence to detect the expression of STIM1 in melatonin-treated osteoblasts. STIM1 interference was achieved using a specific siRNA, and a TRPC inhibitor was used to block the influx of Ca2+. The mRNA expression was determined by RT-qPCR, and protein levels were measured by We...
Source: Life Sciences - February 21, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Decreasing Arl4c expression by inhibition of AKT signal in human lung adenocarcinoma cells
ConclusionHere, we highlighted the AKT pathway as an important regulatory pathway for Arl4c expression in lung cancer cells and identified HCPT as a promising drug for lung adenocarcinoma treatment that functioned by targeting Arl4c expression.
Source: Life Sciences - February 13, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Inhibition of RELM-β prevents hypoxia-induced overproliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by reversing PLC-mediated KCNK3 decline
Publication date: Available online 8 February 2020Source: Life SciencesAuthor(s): Linlin Han, Nannan Song, Xiaomin Hu, Afang Zhu, Xin Wei, Jinmin Liu, Shiying Yuan, Weike Mao, Xiangdong ChenAbstractAimsAlthough resistin-like molecule β (RELM-β) is involved in the pathological processes of various lung diseases, such as pulmonary inflammation, asthma and fibrosis, its potential roles in hypoxic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remain largely unknown. The study aims to investigate whether RELM-β contributes to hypoxia-induced excessive proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and to explor...
Source: Life Sciences - February 9, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Host factor prioritization for pan-viral genetic perturbation screens using random intercept models and network propagation
by Simon Dirmeier, Christopher D ächert, Martijn van Hemert, Ali Tas, Natacha S. Ogando, Frank van Kuppeveld, Ralf Bartenschlager, Lars Kaderali, Marco Binder, Niko Beerenwinkel Genetic perturbation screens using RNA interference (RNAi) have been conducted successfully to identify host factors that are essential for the life cycle of bacteria or viruses. So far, most published studies identified host factors primarily for single pathogens. Furthermore, often only a small subset of genes, e.g., genes encoding kinases, have been targeted. Identification of host factors on a pan-pathogen level, i.e., genes that are crucial ...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - February 9, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Simon Dirmeier Source Type: research