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Specialty: Neurology

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Total 636 results found since Jan 2013.

A Parkinson's disease gene, DJ-1, regulates anti-inflammatory roles of astrocytes through prostaglandin D2 synthase expression.
Abstract Dysfunctional regulation of inflammation may contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The results of this study revealed that DJ-1, a Parkinson's disease (PD) gene, regulated expression of prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) and production of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), by which DJ-1 enhanced anti-inflammatory function of astrocytes. In injured DJ-1 knockout (KO) brain, expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was more increased, but that of anti-inflammatory heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was less increased compared with that in injured wild-type (WT) brain. Similarly, astrocyte-conditi...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - April 3, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Choi DJ, An J, Jou I, Park SM, Joe EH Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Loss of the Golgi Matrix Protein 130 Cause Aberrant IgA1 Glycosylation in IgA Nephropathy
Conclusion: We identified and demonstrated that GM130 plays an important role in IgA1 O-glycans deficiency in IgAN patients, by negatively  regulating C1GALT1 expression. We believe that this finding will provide theoretical foundations for a new mechanism of Gd-IgA1 production in IgAN patients.Am J Nephrol 2019;49:307 –316
Source: American Journal of Nephrology - March 31, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in ferrous iron-induced aquaporin-4 expression in cultured astrocytes.
In this study, we investigated the effect of ferrous iron overload on AQP4 expression in cultured mouse astrocytes. Primary cultures of astrocytes were exposed to ferrous iron, and the expression of AQP4 as well as the swelling of astrocyte were determined. AQP4 expression was inhibited by small interfering RNA (siRNA). The role of oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway in ferrous iron-induced AQP4 expression upregulation were further studied. Ferrous iron exposure induced astrocyte death as well as cell swelling, and increased AQP4 expression. AQP4 gene silencing after siRNA trans...
Source: Neurotoxicology - March 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhong Z, Sun Y, Wang B, Sun Q, Yang G, Bian L Tags: Neurotoxicology Source Type: research

Vdac1 Downregulation Causes Mitochondrial Disintegration Leading to Hippocampal Neurodegeneration in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Mice
AbstractOur previous report on hippocampal proteome analysis suggested the involvement of voltage-dependent anion channel (Vdac) 1 in scopolamine-induced amnesia. Further silencing of Vdac1 in young mice reduced the recognition memory. Vdac1 is a porin protein present abundantly on outer mitochondrial membrane. It acts as a transporter of energy metabolites ATP/ADP and Ca2+ ions and helps in communication between mitochondrial matrix and cytosol. As Vdac1-associated energy metabolism may be affected during amnesia, we determined the downstream function of Vdac1 in the present study. The expression of Vdac1 and total ATP le...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 27, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Mitoquinone attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption through Nrf2/PHB2/OPA1 pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.
CONCLUSIONS: MitoQ attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption via Nrf2/PHB2/OPA1 pathway after SAH in rats. MitoQ may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for SAH patients. PMID: 30779914 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Neurology - February 16, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhang T, Xu S, Wu P, Zhou K, Wu L, Xie Z, Xu W, Luo X, Li P, Ocak U, Ocak PE, Travis ZD, Tang J, Shi H, Zhang JH Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Protective effects of ethyl gallate on H 2 O 2 -induced mitochondrial dysfunction in PC12 cells
AbstractOxidative stress has been suggested to play an important role in neuronal injury. Ethyl gallate (EG) is the ethyl ester of gallic acid which has been acknowledged as an antioxidant. We previously demonstrated that EG effectively inhibited H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and decreased the ROS levels in PC12 cells, while the relevant mechanisms of action of this compound remain largely uncharacterized. The present study was carried out in an attempt to clarify the underlying mechanisms of EG against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. EG pretreatment attenuated H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction as indicated by t...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - February 12, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Tristetraprolin attenuates brain edema in a rat model of cerebral hemorrhage
ConclusionTaken together, these data indicate that TTP has a protective role against brain edema by reducing inflammation, apoptosis, and water content in the brain at 48  hr after cerebral hemorrhage. Our findings may be useful for developing important approaches to treating brain injury.
Source: Brain and Behavior - February 6, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Peiyu Li, Junwu Zhang, Xin Li, Hongwei Gao Tags: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Source Type: research

The mechanism of GLT-1 mediating cerebral ischemic injury depends on the activation of p38 MAPK.
This study was undertaken to investigate whether p38 MAPK was involved in regulating GLT-1 in the process. At first, it was observed that global brain ischemia for 8 min led to obvious delayed neuronal death, GLT-1 down-regulation and p-p38 MAPK up-regulation in CA1 hippocampus in rats. Then, whether p-p38 MAPK was involved in regulating GLT-1 during cerebral ischemic injury was studied in vitro. Astrocyte-neuron co-cultures exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) were used to mimic brain ischemia. It was observed that lethal OGD (4-h OGD) decreased GLT-1 expression and increased p-p38 MAPK expression in astrocyt...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - February 4, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhang LY, Hu YY, Zhao CC, Qi J, Su AC, Lou N, Zhang MY, Li L, Xian XH, Gong JX, Zhao H, Zhang JG, Li WB, Zhang M Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

rh-IFN-α Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Improves Neurological Function by Inhibiting NF-κB through JAK1-STAT1/TRAF3 Pathway in an Experimental GMH Rat Model
In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that rh-IFN-α treatment attenuated neuroinflammation, neurological deficits and hydrocephalus formation through inhibiting microglial activation after GMH, which might be mediated by IFNAR/JAK1-STAT1/TRAF3/NF-κB signaling pathway. Rh-IFN-α may be a promising therapeutic agent to attenuate brain injury via its anti-inflammatory effect.
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - February 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

GATA-4 regulates neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage via the NF- κB/Bax/Caspase-3 pathway both in vivo and in vitro.
In conclusion, the expression of GATA-4 was increased in the brain of rats after ICH. GATA-4 phosphorylation mediates the function of the protein in ICH-induced SBI. Neuronal apoptosis after ICH was mainly induced by NF-κB activation, which was promoted by GATA-4. PMID: 30710529 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Neurology - January 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Xu H, Cao J, Xu J, Li H, Shen H, Li X, Wang Z, Wu J, Chen G Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Role of PUMA in the methamphetamine-induced migration of microglia
This study demonstrated that methamphetamine-induced microglial migration involved PUMA up-regulation. Targeting PUMA could provide insights into the development of a potential therapeutic approach for the alleviation of microglia migration induced by methamphetamine.
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - January 29, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Suppression of astrocytic autophagy by αB-crystallin contributes to α-synuclein inclusion formation
ConclusionsThis study reveals a novel function for CRYAB as a natural inhibitor of astrocytic autophagy and shows  that knockdown of CYRAB may provide a therapeutic target against proteinopathies such as synucleinopathies.
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - January 18, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Downregulated spinal IRF8 and BDNF in NAC are involved in neuropathic pain-induced depression relief via pulsed radiofrequency on dorsal root ganglion in rat SNI model.
This study was designed to explore the effect of PRF on DRG on the neuropathic pain-induced depression in rats with spared nerve injury (SNI). Here, we found that PRF on DRG or intrathecal injection of the interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) siRNA prevented the increase of mechanical allodynia and depression-like behaviors of rats after receiving SNI. Meanwhile, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR revealed that PRF on DRG or intrathecal injection of IRF8 siRNA inhibited IRF8 overexpression in the spinal cord and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in NAc. These results suggest that neuropathic pain-induce...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - January 9, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Fang X, Xu X, Lin X, Liu R Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Neuroprotective activity of leukemia inhibitory factor is relayed through myeloid zinc finger-1 in a rat model of stroke
AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) exerts its neuroprotective effects through signal transduction of the transcription factor myeloid zinc finger-1 (MZF-1). According to the hypothesis of this study, MZF-1 mediates LIF-induced neuroprotective signaling during ELVO through increased expression and transcriptional activity. To determine the in vivo role of MZF-1 in LIF-induced neuroprotection, we used Genomatix software was used to MZF-1 sites in the promoter region of the rat superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) gene. Stroke was induced via middle cerebral artery occlusion, and ...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - January 5, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Astrocytic cytochrome P450 4A/20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid contributes to angiogenesis in the experimental ischemic stroke.
Abstract 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A) metabolite of arachidonic acid, is one of the primary eicosanoids in most of microcirculatory beds. Studies have indicated that 20-HETE has important functions in the modulation of vascular tone, ion transport, inflammation reaction, and cellular proliferation. Both we and others have demonstrated that 20-HETE plays an important role in acute phase of ischemic stroke. However, little is known about the effect of 20-HETE on recovery phase of stroke. Crosstalk between the cells within the neurovascular unit is increasingly suspected of ...
Source: Brain Research - December 17, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Liu Y, Li Y, Zhan M, Liu Y, Li Z, Li J, Cheng G, Teng G, Lu L Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research