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Total 636 results found since Jan 2013.

TET1-induced DNA demethylation in dentate gyrus is important for reward conditioning and reinforcement
AbstractNeuroadaptations in neurocircuitry of reward memories govern the persistent and compulsive behaviors. The study of the role of hippocampus in processing of reward memory and its retrieval is critical to our understanding of addiction and relapse. The aim of this study is to probe the epigenetic mechanisms underlying reward memory in the frame of dentate gyrus (DG). To that end, the rats conditioned to the food baited arm of a Y-maze and subjected to memory probe trial. The hippocampus of conditioned rats displayed higher mRNA levels of Ten-eleven translocase 1 (Tet1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) aft...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - August 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Glibenclamide Directly Prevents Neuroinflammation by Targeting SUR1-TRPM4-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation In Microglia
AbstractGlibenclamide (GLB) reduces brain edema and improves neurological outcome in animal experiments and preliminary clinical studies. Recent studies also suggested a strong anti-inflammatory effect of GLB, via inhibiting nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. However, it remains unknown whether the anti-inflammatory effect of GLB is independent of its role in preventing brain edema, and how GLB inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome is not fully understood. Sprague –Dawley male rats underwent 10-min asphyxial cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resus...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - August 16, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Induction of ICAM1 in Brain Vessels is Implicated in an Early AD Pathogenesis by Modulating Neprilysin
This study investigated the effect of ICAM1 on amyloid-degrading enzymes (ADEs) in endothelial cells and their potential involvement in inflammation and AD progression. TNF-α treatment increased ICAM1 in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) but decreased the nepr ilysin (NEP) protein level. Knock-down of ICAM1 using siRNA enhanced NEP, which increased the degradation of amyloid-β. In the brains of 4-month-old AD transgenic mice (APPswe/PSEN1dE9), there were significantly higher levels of ICAM1 expression and amyloid deposits but lower levels of NEP and insu lin-degrading enzymes (IDE), demonstrating an i...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - August 10, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Storax Protected Primary Cortical Neurons from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation Injury via Inhibiting the TLR4/TRAF6/NF- κB Signaling Pathway
This study aimed to elucidate the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of storax on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in injured cortical neurons. The cortical neurons of Wistar rats were primarily cultured in vitro. TheTUNELmethod and CM-H2DCFDA probe were used to detect cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot were used to detect the expression of inflammatory cytokines and proteins of the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway. Immunofluorescence was used to measure NF-κB nuc...
Source: Brain Research - July 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Lin Li Shaoqian Yue Rui Han Yajun Yu Peng Zhang Ling Lv Jinqiang Zhu Min Zhou Xiang Fan Han Zhang Source Type: research

T3 alleviates neuroinflammation and reduces early brain injury after subarachnoid haemorrhage by promoting mitophagy via PINK 1-parkin pathway
Exp Neurol. 2022 Jul 19:114175. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114175. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSubarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a common and devastating complication of haemorrhagic stroke. SAH is characterised by high mortality rates, permanent disabilities, and is often caused by the rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Low serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations have been associated with severe SAH and poor prognosis. T3 has been previously described as an inhibitor of lung fibrosis, and it acts by stimulating autophagy and mitophagy. Here, we indicated in vitro that T3 treatment suppressed neuronal apoptosis by ...
Source: Experimental Neurology - July 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Hanxiao Chang Chao Lin Zheng Li Yuqi Shen Guangjian Zhang Lei Mao Chencheng Ma Ning Liu Hua Lu Source Type: research

HMGB1/TLR4 induces autophagy and promotes neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage
CONCLUSIONS: During the acute phase of ICH, the HMGB1/TLR4/MyD88 axis acts via autophagy to promote inflammation.PMID:35820449 | DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148003
Source: Brain Research - July 12, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Chunyan Lei Yongyu Li Xiaoyan Zhu Haijiang Li Xiaolong Chang Source Type: research

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Adenylyltransferase 1 Regulates Cerebral Ischemia –Induced Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption Through NAD+/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway
In conclusion, these findings indicate that rh-NMNAT1 protects BBB integrity after cerebral ischemia via the NAD+/SIRT1 signaling pathway in brain microvascular endothelial cells. NMNAT1 may be a novel potential therapeutic target for reducing BBB disruption after ischemic stroke.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - June 3, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Activation of Double-Stranded RNA –Activated Protein Kinase in the Dorsal Root Ganglia and Spinal Dorsal Horn Regulates Neuropathic Pain Following Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats
AbstractDouble-stranded RNA (dsRNA) –activated kinase (PKR) is an important component in inflammation and immune dysfunction. However, the role of PKR in neuropathic pain remains unclear. Here, we showed that lumbar 5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) led to a significant increase in the level of phosphorylated PKR (p-PKR) in both the dor sal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn. Images of double immunofluorescence staining revealed that p-PKR was expressed in myelinated A-fibers, unmyelinated C-fibers, and satellite glial cells in the DRG. In the dorsal horn, p-PKR was located in neuronal cells, astrocytes, and microglia...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - June 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Protein SUMOylation is a sex-specific regulator of fear memory formation in the amygdala
Behav Brain Res. 2022 May 18:113928. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113928. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTStrong evidence has implicated ubiquitin signaling in the process of fear memory formation. While less abundant than ubiquitination, evidence suggests that protein SUMOylation may also be involved in fear memory formation in neurons. However, the importance of amygdala protein SUMOylation in fear memory formation has never been directly examined. Furthermore, while recent evidence indicates that males and females differ significantly in the requirement for ubiquitin signaling during fear memory formation, whether sex differen...
Source: Brain Research - May 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Aspen Gustin Shaghayegh Navabpour Kayla Farrell Kiley Martin Jessica DuVall W Keith Ray Richard F Helm Timothy J Jarome Source Type: research

eEF1A2 knockdown impairs neuronal proliferation and inhibits neurite outgrowth of differentiating neurons
Conclusions Our results suggest that eEF1A2 may be required for neuronal proliferation and differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Increased cell death susceptibility against MPP+ in eEF1A2-knockdown neurons may imply the neuroprotective role of eEF1A2.
Source: NeuroReport - May 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research