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Total 636 results found since Jan 2013.

Brain Dicer1 Is Down-Regulated in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer ’s Disease Via Aβ42-Induced Repression of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2
This study may open new avenues for investigating potential pathognomonics and pathogenesis in AD.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - September 24, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

XQ-1H regulates Wnt/GSK3 β/β-catenin pathway and ameliorates the integrity of blood brain barrier in mice with acute ischemic stroke.
XQ-1H regulates Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway and ameliorates the integrity of blood brain barrier in mice with acute ischemic stroke. Brain Res Bull. 2020 Sep 08;: Authors: Fei YX, Zhu JP, Bo Z, Yin QY, Fang WR, Li YM Abstract 10-O-(N, N-dimethylaminoethyl) ginkgolide B methanesulfonate (XQ-1 H), a novel analog of ginkgolide B, has been preliminarily recognized to show bioactivities against ischemia-induced injury. However, the underlying mechanism still remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of XQ-1H against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) f...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - September 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Fei YX, Zhu JP, Bo Z, Yin QY, Fang WR, Li YM Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

LncRNA SNHG7 sponges miR-449a to promote pituitary adenomas progression
This study aimed to characterize the expression status and potentially mechanistic involvement of SNHG7 in pituitary adenoma. Relative expression of SNHG7 and miR-449a was analyzed by real-time PCR. Cell viability was measured with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Cell apoptosis was determined by PI/Annexin V double staining followed by flow cytometry analysis. Cell invasion and migration were analyzed by wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. The regulatory action of miR-449a on SNHG7 was interrogated by luciferase reporter assay. We also investigated the pro-tumor activity of SNHG7 with the MMQ xenograft tumor mou...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - September 2, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

IGF-1R stimulation alters microglial polarization via TLR4/NF- κB pathway after cerebral hemorrhage in mice.
In this study, we examined the impact of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) secreted by NSCs on microglial polarization following ICH in adult C57BL/6 mice. Mouse models of ICH were established by collagenase injection. ICH mice received NSC transplantation after one hour. Firstly, the changes of microglial polarization in cerebral tissues of ICH mice were detected by immunofluorescence and ELISA. Secondly, the molecular mechanism underlying the microglial polarization was evaluated repeatedly with the application of IGF-1R siRNA and IGF-1R-mediated inhibition. We assessed the brain water content and behavioral deficits ...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - August 28, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Sun Z, Wu K, Gu L, Huang L, Zhuge Q, Yang S, Wang Z Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

AGE-Induced Suppression of EZH2 Mediates Injury of Podocytes by Reducing H3K27me3
Conclusions: Our studies provide a novel pathway how AGEs contribute to podocyte injury and the formation of the so-called metabolic memory in DKD.Am J Nephrol
Source: American Journal of Nephrology - August 27, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Review of Patisiran (ONPATTRO ®) for the Treatment of Polyneuropathy in People with Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis
AbstractHereditary variant transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a rare genetic defect that affects about 5000 –10,000 people worldwide, causing amyloidosis secondary to misfolding of mutant transthyretin (TTR) protein fibrils. TTR mutations can cause protein deposits in many extracellular regions of organs, but those deposits in cardiac and axonal cells are the primary cause of this clinical syndrome. Tre atment options are limited, but new drugs are being developed. Patisiran, a novel drug, is a liposomal siRNA against TTR that specifically targets this protein, reducing the accumulation of TTR in tissues, with subseque...
Source: Neurology and Therapy - August 11, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Ethanol antagonizes P2X4 receptors in ventral tegmental area neurons
P2X4 receptors are found throughout the central nervous system, and studies have shown that these purinergic receptors are important regulators of alcohol intake. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is an important region for the rewarding and reinforcing properties of alcohol, but the role of P2X4 receptors in this region is unknown. Using both immunohistochemical and electrophysiological methods, we examined the interaction between P2X4 receptors and alcohol on VTA neurons. Incubation of brain slices containing the VTA for 2 h with siRNA targeting P2X4 receptors resulted in about a 25% reduction in P2X4 immunoreactivity i...
Source: NeuroReport - July 30, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research

Mixed Lineage Leukemia 1 Promoted Neuron Apoptosis in Ischemic Penumbra via Regulating ASK-1/TNF- α Complex
This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of neuron apoptosis in ischemic penumbra via histone methyltransferase (HMT) mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) mediated epigenetic pathway. Mouse IS model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Mouse primary cortical mixed cells were cultured and treated with oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) to simulate IS process. The expressions of apoptosis signal regulating kinase-1 (ASK-1), pASK-1, cleaved caspase-3, ASK-1/serine–threonine kinase receptor-associated protein (STRAP)/14-3-3 complex, ASK-1/tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) complex, and MLL1 in mo...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - July 24, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Silencing of RGS2 enhances hippocampal neuron regeneration and rescues depression-like behavioral impairments through activation of cAMP pathway.
This study aims to verify the role of regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) in the mouse mode of unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like behaviors. Knockdown of RGS2 was achieved by transfection of siRNA-RGS2 in mouse hippocampal (HT-22) cells in vitro and injection of recombinant adenovirus expressing siRNA-RGS2 in mice in vivo. An aberrant high expression of RGS2 was found in mice with depression-like behaviors through immunohistochemical analysis. Silencing of RGS2 or Forskolin (activator of cAMP pathway) developed sweet water consumption, reduced inflammation and oxidative stress injury, and attenuated co...
Source: Brain Research - July 13, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhu C, Hui L, Zheng K, Liu L, Liu J, Lv W Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

TRPM4 inhibition improves spatial memory impairment and hippocampal long-term potentiation deficit in chronic cerebral hypoperfused rats.
Abstract Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) been well characterized as a common pathological status contributing to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. CCH is an important factor that leads to cognitive impairment, but the underlying neurobiological mechanism is poorly understood and no effective treatment is available. Recently, transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) cation channel has been identified as an important molecular element in focal cerebral ischemia. Over activation of the channel is a major molecular mechanism of oncotic cell death. However, the ...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - June 29, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Hazalin NAMN, Liao P, Hassan Z Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

HLY78 protects blood-brain barrier integrity through Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.
In conclusion, HLY78 could preserve BBB integrity, possibly through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. HLY78 might be a potential treatment option to protect BBB integrity following SAH. PMID: 32565130 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - June 17, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Luo X, Li L, Zheng W, Gu L, Zhang X, Li Y, Xie Z, Cheng Y Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Coexpression of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in precerebellar neurons in the lateral reticular nucleus of the rat.
Abstract Vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) 1 and VGLUT2 have been reported to distribute complementally in most brain regions and have been assumed to define distinct functional elements. Previous studies have shown the expression of VGLUT1 mRNA and VGLUT2 mRNA in the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), a key precerebellar nucleus sending mossy fibers to the cerebellum. In the present study, we firstly examined the coexpression of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 mRNA in the LRN of the rat by dual-fluorescence in situ hybridization. About 81.89% of glutamatergic LRN neurons coexpressed VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 mRNA, and the others e...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - June 16, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Li ZH, Zhang CK, Qiao Y, Ge SN, Zhang T, Li JL Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Naringenin Upregulates AMPK-Mediated Autophagy to Rescue Neuronal Cells From β-Amyloid (1–42) Evoked Neurotoxicity
AbstractDeposition of an amyloid- β peptide is one of the first events in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is clinically characterized by Aβ plaques, tau tangles, and behavioral impairments that lead to neuronal death. A substantial number of studies encourage targeting the skewness in the production and degra dation of amyloid-β could be among the promising therapies in the disease. Neuronal autophagy has emerged for an essential role in the degradation of such toxic aggregate-prone proteins in various neurodegenerative diseases. We profiled a small library of common dietary compounds and identifie...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - June 15, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Methamphetamine induces GSDME-dependent cell death in hippocampal neuronal cells through the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.
Abstract Methamphetamine (METH) is an illegal amphetamine-typed psychostimulant that is abused worldwide and causes serious public health problems. METH exposure induces apoptosis and autophagy in neuronal cells. However, the role of pyroptosis in METH-induced neurotoxicity is still unclear. Here, we investigate whether pyroptosis is involved in METH-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity and the potential mechanisms of Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in hippocampal neuronal cells. For this purpose, the expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins, GSDMD and GSDME, were analyzed by immunoblotting and immunohistoc...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - June 12, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Liu Y, Wen D, Gao J, Xie B, Yu H, Shen Q, Zhang J, Jing W, Cong B, Ma C Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

HIF-1 α is involved in blood–brain barrier dysfunction and paracellular migration of bacteria in pneumococcal meningitis
AbstractBacterial meningitis is a deadly disease most commonly caused byStreptococcus pneumoniae, leading to severe neurological sequelae including cerebral edema, seizures, stroke, and mortality when untreated. Meningitis is initiated by the transfer ofS. pneumoniae from blood to the brain across the blood –cerebrospinal fluid barrier or the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Current treatment strategies include adjuvant dexamethasone for inflammation and cerebral edema, followed by antibiotics. The success of dexamethasone is however inconclusive, ne cessitating new ther...
Source: Acta Neuropathologica - June 10, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research