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Specialty: Neurology

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Total 636 results found since Jan 2013.

Repressor Element 1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) Governs Microglia-Like BV2 Cell Migration via Progranulin (PGRN).
In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that transcription factor REST may act as a repressor of microglia migration through PGRN. PMID: 33299399 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Neural Plasticity - December 12, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Yu T, Lin Y, Xu Y, Dou Y, Wang F, Quan H, Zhao Y, Liu X Tags: Neural Plast Source Type: research

Downregulation of LncRNA Gas5 Inhibits Apoptosis and Inflammation after Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats.
Abstract Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury(SCII)affects nerve function through many mechanisms, which are complex and not fully understood. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an increasingly important role in SCII. We investigated the role of lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5(Gas5) in a rat SCII model, and its effects on apoptosis and inflammation possibly by modulating MMP-7, cleaved caspase-3 and IL-1β. LncRNA Gas5 and MMP-7 were knocked down by intrathecal siRNA injection. Neurological assessment and TUNEL assay were performed. The RNA and protein expressi...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - December 11, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhang Z, Li X, Chen F, Li Z, Wang D, Ren X, Ma H Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

The CUL3/neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 reduces ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization and inflammatory pain allodynia in mice.
Abstract Heterologous sensitization of adenylyl cyclase (AC) is defined by an enhanced cAMP response following persistent activation of Gαi/o-coupled receptors. This phenomenon was first observed in cellular models, and later reported in animal models of inflammatory pain or following chronic exposure to drugs of abuse including opioids and cocaine. Recently, we used genome-wide siRNA screening to identify Cullin3 signaling as a mediator of AC sensitization in cellular models. We also showed that pharmacological inhibition of Cullin3 with the neddylation inhibitor, MLN4924, abolished heterologous sensitization of...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - December 3, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Ding Z, Knipp GT, van Rijn RM, Chester JA, Watts VJ Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

HuD regulates SOD1 expression during oxidative stress in differentiated neuroblastoma cells and sporadic ALS motor cortex.
Abstract The neuronal RNA-binding protein (RBP) HuD plays an important role in brain development, synaptic plasticity and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's (AD). Bioinformatics analysis of the human SOD1 mRNA 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) demonstrated the presence of HuD binding adenine-uridine (AU)-rich instability-conferring elements (AREs). Using differentiated SH-SY5Y cells along with brain tissues from sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) patients, we assessed HuD-dependent regulation of SOD1 mRNA. In vitro binding and mRNA decay assays demonstrate that HuD specific...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - November 30, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Michela D, Valentina S, Gardiner Amy S, Orietta P, Matteo B, Perrone-Bizzozero Nora I, Cristina C Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Dual Specificity Phosphatases Support Axon Plasticity and Viability
AbstractIn peripheral neuropathies, axonal degeneration (AxD) impairs the prognosis for recovery. Here, we describe a role for dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs; MAP kinase phosphatases, MKPs), in supporting autonomous axon plasticity and viability. Both DUSPs 1 and 4 were identified within intact or axotomized sensory neurons. Knockdown of DUSP 1 or 4 independently or combined impaired neurite outgrowth in adult dissociated sensory neurons. Furthermore, adult sensory neurons with DUSP knockdown were rendered sensitive to axonopathy in vitro following exposure to low, subtoxic TrpV1 (transient receptor potential cation ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 27, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

MFG-E8 attenuates inflammation in subarachnoid hemorrhage by driving microglial M2 polarization.
Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that microglial polarization plays an important role in the pathological processes of neuroinflammation following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous studies indicated that milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-8 (MFG-E8) has potential anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in cerebral ischemia. However, the effects of MFG-E8 on microglial polarization have not been evaluated after SAH. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the role of MFG-E8 in anti-inflammation, and its effects on microglial polarization following SAH. We established the SAH model via ...
Source: Experimental Neurology - November 24, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Gao Y, Tao T, Wu D, Zhuang Z, Lu Y, Wu L, Liu G, Zhou Y, Zhang D, Wang H, Dai W, Li W, Hang CH Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

MicroRNA-29a-3p strengthens the effect of dexmedetomidine on improving neurologic damage in newborn rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage by inhibiting HDAC4.
CONCLUSION: The study concludes that miR-29a-3p strengthened the effect of Dex on improving neurologic damage in newborn rats with HIBD by inhibiting HDAC4. PMID: 33232741 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - November 21, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Huang W, Xiao F, Huang W, Wei Q, Li X Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Bioinformatics analyses show dysregulation of calcium-related genes in Angelman syndrome mouse model.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the loss of function of the UBE3A protein in the brain. In a previous study, we showed that activity-dependent calcium dynamics in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons of AS mice is compromised, and its normalization rescues the hippocampal-dependent deficits. Therefore, we expected that the expression profiles of calcium-related genes would be altered in AS mice hippocampi. METHODS: We analyzed mRNA sequencing data from AS model mice and WT controls in light of the newly published CaGeDB database of calcium-related ge...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - November 16, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Panov J, Kaphzan H Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Curcumin Prevents Neuroinflammation by Inducing Microglia to Transform into the M2-phenotype via CaMKK β-dependent Activation of the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Pathway.
CONCLUSION: Curcumin enhances microglia M2 polarization via the CaMKKβ-dependent AMPK signaling pathway. Additionally, curcumin treatment was found to be neuroprotective and thus might be considered as a novel therapeutic agent to treat the neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc. PMID: 33176649 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Alzheimer Research - November 11, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Qiao P, Ma J, Wang Y, Huang Z, Zou Q, Cai Z, Tang Y Tags: Curr Alzheimer Res Source Type: research

Inhibition of LncRNA MALAT1 Attenuates Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury via Regulating AQP4 Expression
Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) including MALAT1 have been shown to have critical roles in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, the underlying mechanism of MALAT1 in CIRI has not been elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the function and potential regulatory mechanism of MALAT1 in cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury. We established the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/RX) model in vivo and in vitro, and then Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), RT-qPCR, flow cytomet...
Source: European Neurology - October 30, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

CREB Participates in Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain Genesis Through Transcriptional Activation of Dnmt3a in Primary Sensory Neurons
AbstractChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain (CIPNP) often occurs in cancer patients treated with antineoplastic drugs. Therapeutic management of CIPNP is very limited, at least in part due to the largely unknown mechanisms that underlie CIPNP genesis. Here, we showed that systemic administration of the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel significantly and time-dependently increased the levels of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Blocking this increase through DRG microinjection ofCreb siRNA attenuated paclitaxel-induced mechanical, heat, and cold nociceptive...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - October 13, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Predisposition of Neonatal Maternal Separation to Visceral Hypersensitivity via Downregulation of Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel Subtype 2 (SK2) in Mice.
Conclusions: ELS-induced visceral pain and visceral hypersensitivity are associated with the underfunction of SK2 channels in the spinal DH. PMID: 33029124 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Neural Plasticity - October 10, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Wu K, Gao JH, Hua R, Peng XH, Wang H, Zhang YM Tags: Neural Plast Source Type: research

Impaired autophagy in microglia aggravates dopaminergic neurodegeneration by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation in experimental models of Parkinson's disease.
Abstract Microglia-mediated inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, autophagy has been linked to the regulation of the inflammatory response. However, the potential role of microglial autophagy in the context of PD pathology has not been characterized. In the present study, we investigated whether impaired microglial autophagy would affect dopaminergic neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, BV2 microglial cells were exposed to LPS in the presence or absence of autophagy-related...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - October 8, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Qin Y, Qiu J, Wang P, Liu J, Zhao Y, Jiang F, Lou H Tags: Brain Behav Immun Source Type: research

The small molecule inhibitor PR-619 protects retinal ganglion cells against glutamate excitotoxicity
This study was designed to investigate the role of PR-619 in regulating mitophagy of RGCs under glutamate excitotoxicity. Primary cultured RGCs were incubated with PR-619 or vehicle control in the excitotoxicity model of 100 µM glutamate treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed by JC-1 assay. Cytotoxicity of RGCs was measured by LDH activity. Proteins levels of parkin, optineurin, LAMP1, Bax, Bcl-2 and the LC3-II/I ratio were analyzed by western blot. The distribution and morphology of mitochondria in RGCs was stained by MitoTracker and antibody against mitochondria membrane protein, and examined by confoc...
Source: NeuroReport - October 6, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research

Clinacanthus nutans Mitigates Neuronal Death and Reduces Ischemic Brain Injury: Role of NF- κB-driven IL-1β Transcription
AbstractNeuroinflammation has been shown to exacerbate ischemic brain injury, and is considered as a prime target for the development of stroke therapies.Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (C. nutans) is widely used in traditional medicine for treating insect bites, viral infection and cancer, due largely to its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, we reported that an ethanol extract from the leaf ofC. nutans could protect the brain against ischemia-triggered neuronal death and infarction. In order to further understand the molecular mechanism(s) for its beneficial effects, two experimental paradigms, namely,...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - October 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research