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Infectious Disease: Hepatitis

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Total 297 results found since Jan 2013.

Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Induces SATB1 Expression Through Activation of ERK and p38MAPK Pathways to Suppress Anoikis
ConclusionThese data suggest that the HBV-encoded HBx and SATB1 may play an important role in promoting anoikis resistance and metastasis in HBV-associated liver cancer.
Source: Digestive Diseases and Sciences - October 28, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Toward a Functional Cure for Hepatitis B: The Rationale and Challenges for Therapeutic Targeting of the B Cell Immune Response
The central role of the cellular immune response in the control and clearance of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been well-established. The contribution of humoral immunity, including B cell and antibody responses against HBV, has been investigated for a long time but has attracted increasing attention again in recent years. The anti-HBs antibody was first recognized as a marker of protective immunity after the acute resolution of the HBV infection (or vaccination) and is now defined as a biomarker for the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In this way, therapies targeting HBV-specific B cells and the ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

TLR4 promotes liver inflammation by activating the JNK pathway.
CONCLUSIONS: APAP-treated TLR4-/- mice showed milder liver injury compared to WT mice. It was confirmed that TLR4 could activate the JNK signaling pathway to induce the secretion of inflammatory factors and the infiltration of macrophages to promote APAP-induced liver injury. This finding might provide a new prevention and treatment idea for clinical drug-induced hepatitis. PMID: 31539158 [PubMed - in process]
Source: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences - September 22, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

siRNA- and miRNA-Based Therapeutics for Liver Fibrosis
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing process induced by chronic liver injuries, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and metal poisoning. The accumulation of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver is a key characteristic of liver fibrosis. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major producers of ECM and therefore play irreplaceably important roles during the progression of liver fibrosis. Liver fibrogenesis is highly correlated with the activation of HSCs, which is regulated by numerous profibrotic cytokines.
Source: Translational Research - August 12, 2019 Category: Research Authors: Zhen Zhao, Chien-Yu Lin, Kun Cheng Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Transcription Factor MafB Suppresses Type I Interferon Production by CD14+ Monocytes in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C
Transcription factor MafB regulates differentiation and activity of monocytes/macrophage, and is associated with the development of atherosclerosis and cancers. However, the role of MafB in modulation of CD14+ monocytes in chronic viral hepatitis was not fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of current study was to investigate the immunoregulatory function of MafB to type I interferon (IFN) secretion by CD14+ monocytes and its contribution to pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A total of twenty-nine chronic hepatitis C patients and twenty-one healthy individuals were enrolled. Serum IFN-α1 and IFN-β was...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - August 6, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Silencing of the foot-and-mouth disease virus internal ribosomal entry site by targeting relatively conserved region among serotypes
AbstractFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a host-restricted disease of cloven-hoofed animals, such as cattle and pigs. There are seven major serotypes of FMD virus that exhibit high antigenic variation, making vaccine strain selection difficult. However, there is an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) element within the 5 ′ untranslated region of the FMD virus (FMDV) RNA genome that is relatively conserved among FMDV serotypes and could be used as a pan-serotype target for disease interventions. To determine the potential for targeting the IRES as promising drug target, we designed a short interfering RNA (siRNA) t argeti...
Source: Virus Genes - July 30, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Tripartite motif protein 52 (TRIM52) promoted fibrosis in LX-2 cells through PPM1A-mediated Smad2/3 pathway.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 31329338 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cell Biology International - July 21, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhou J, Lan Q, Li W, Yang L, You J, Zhang YM, Ni W Tags: Cell Biol Int Source Type: research

Flavonoids from Livistona chinensis fruit ameliorates LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation
This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of flavonoids from Livistona chinensis fruit (FLCF). Mice received FLCF pre-treatment for 7 days and induced liver injury with LPS+D-GalN. RAW264.7 cells were triggered inflammation by LPS and received FLCF for 24 h. The result showed that FLCF ameliorated the liver pathology in mice, decreased the levels of AST, ALT, MDA, but increased SOD and GSH. Moreover, FLCF inhibited TLR4/NF-κB signaling, while activated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in LPS+D-GalN mice. These effects were consistent with the in vitro data revealing that FLCF suppressed TLR4/NF-κB signalin...
Source: Journal of Functional Foods - July 18, 2019 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 11, Pages 651: Effects of Moloney Leukemia Virus 10 Protein on Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Viral Replication
We report that MOV10 down-regulation, using siRNA, shRNA, and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, resulted in increased levels of HBV DNA, HBV pre-genomic RNA, and HBV core protein. In contrast, MOV10 over-expression reduced HBV DNA, HBV pre-genomic RNA, and HBV core protein. These effects were consistent in all tested cell lines, providing strong evidence for the involvement of MOV10 in the HBV life cycle. We demonstrated that MOV10 does not interact with HBV-core. However, MOV10 binds HBV pgRNA and this interaction does not affect HBV pgRNA decay rate. We conclude that the restriction of HBV by MOV10 is mediated through...
Source: Viruses - July 16, 2019 Category: Virology Authors: Maritza N. Puray-Chavez Mahmoud H. Farghali Vincent Yapo Andrew D. Huber Dandan Liu Tanyaradzwa P. Ndongwe Mary C. Casey Thomas G. Laughlin Mark Hannink Philip R. Tedbury Stefan G. Sarafianos Tags: Article Source Type: research

HBx combined with AFB1 triggers hepatic steatosis via COX-2-mediated necrosome formation and mitochondrial dynamics disorder.
Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure have been recognized as independent risk factors for the occurrence and exacerbation of hepatic steatosis but their combined impacts and the potential mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. Here, we showed that exposure to AFB1 impaired mitochondrial dynamics and increased intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) in the liver of HBV-transgenic mice in vivo and the hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx)-expressing human hepatocytes both ex vivo and in vitro. HBx combined with AFB1 exposure also up-regulated receptor interaction protein 1 (RIP1), ...
Source: J Cell Mol Med - July 6, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chen YY, Lin Y, Han PY, Jiang S, Che L, He CY, Lin YC, Lin ZN Tags: J Cell Mol Med Source Type: research

siRNA nanotherapeutics: a promising strategy for anti-HBV therapy
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis worldwide. In spite of the numerous advances in the treatment of CHB, drugs and vaccines have failed because of many factors like complexity, resistance, toxicity, and heavy cost. New RNA interference (RNAi)-based technologies have developed innovative strategies to target Achilles' heel of the several hazardous diseases involving cancer, some genetic disease, autoimmune illnesses, and viral disorders particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. Naked siRNA delivery has serious challenges including failure to cross ...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 21, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research

MiR-3613-3p impairs IFN-induced immune response by targeting CMPK1 in chronic hepatitis B.
CONCLUSION: MiR-3613-3p impaired IFN-induced immune response by targeting CMPK1 in chronic hepatitis B. PMID: 31201869 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Infection, Genetics and Evolution - June 11, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Zhao Y, Yu Y, Ye L Tags: Infect Genet Evol Source Type: research

Endothelial Cell-Derived TGF- β Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via CD133 in HBx-Infected Hepatoma Cells
Conclusion: The study indicates that secretory factors like TGF-β from neighboring endothelial cells may enhance expression of CD133 and impart an aggressive EMT phenotype to HBx-infected hepatoma cells in HBV induced HCC. Introduction Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancer worldwide, representing approximately 4% of all malignancies (1). It has been estimated that more than 50% of HCC cases in the world are associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) (2). HBV is a partially double stranded DNA virus belonging to the Hepadnavirus family. The HBV genome is 3.2 kb in size and contains fou...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 23, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Increasing Upstream Chromatin Long –Range Interactions May Favor Induction of Circular RNAs in LysoPC-Activated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
We examined the sponging potential of all significantly changed circRNAs using the CircInteractome database (Montefiori et al., 2018), recording two miRNAs with four or more predicted binding sites in a single circRNA transcript, a threshold above which meaningful sponging activity is likely to occur Memczak et al. (2013). Another four significantly changed circRNAs are experimentally shown to sponge miRNAs (Dudekula et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2017; Yan et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2018), for six total circRNAs with miRNA sponging activity including miR125, miR143, miR1272, miR153, miR515-5p, and miR196a-5p (Table 4). In Fig...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 17, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

IFIT5 Participates in the Antiviral Mechanisms of Rainbow Trout Red Blood Cells
We described a new defense mechanism based on IFIT5 antiviral activity in nucleated RBCs that appeared to contribute to halting the VHSV infection. This finding sheds light into novel antiviral therapeutics to mitigate the economic losses and social impact caused by viral infections in the aquaculture industry. This work broadens the knowledge of fish nucleated RBCs functions and their role in the immune response to viral infections. Ethics Statement Experimental protocols and methods relating to experimental animals were reviewed and approved by the Animal Welfare Body and the Research Ethics Committee at the University...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research