Evolution of Pharmacological Obesity Treatments: Focus on Adverse Side‐Effect Profiles
ABSTRACT
Pharmacotherapy directed toward reducing body weight may provide benefits for both curbing obesity and lowering the risk of obesity‐associated co‐morbidities. However, many weight loss medications have been withdrawn from the market due to serious adverse effects. Examples include pulmonary hypertension (aminorex), cardiovascular toxicity, e.g. flenfluramine‐induced valvopathy, stroke (phenylpropanolamine), excess non‐fatal cardiovascular events (sibutramine), and neuro‐psychiatric issues (rimonabant ‐ approved in Europe, but not in the US). This negative experience has helped mold the current drug dev...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - March 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Andrew J. Krentz, Ken Fujioka, Marcus Hompesch Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Overview of regulation of dietary supplements in the USA and issues of adulteration with phenethylamines (PEAs)
This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
In this review, we describe how the U.S.A. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates dietary supplements within the framework provided by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act 1994 (DSHEA). Further, we review the presence of biologically active PEAs of natural and synthetic origin that have been indentified in products sold as dietary supplements. Finally, we describe recent regulatory actions against manufacturers of products containing PEAs to illustrate FDA's use of its authority to promote dietary supplement safety. (Source: Dr...
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - February 29, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Rahul S. Pawar, Erich Grundel Tags: Review Source Type: research
Proton NMR for detection, identification and quantification of adulterants in 160 herbal food supplements marketed for weight loss
Publication date: 30 May 2016 Source:Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Volume 124 Author(s): Rabab Hachem, Gaëtan Assemat, Nathalie Martins, Stéphane Balayssac, Véronique Gilard, Robert Martino, Myriam Malet-Martino One hundred and sixty food supplements (FS) marketed for weight loss and mainly purchased on the Internet were analyzed. All the FS were claimed as 100% natural containing only natural compounds, plant extracts and/or vitamins and the presence of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) was never mentioned. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used for detecting the presence of adulter...
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis - February 28, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Pediatric obesity: Causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment.
Authors: Xu S, Xue Y
Abstract
Pediatric or childhood obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disorder among children and adolescents worldwide. Approximately 43 million individuals are obese, 21-24% children and adolescents are overweight, and 16-18% of individuals have abdominal obesity. The prevalence of obesity is highest among specific ethnic groups. Obesity increases the risk of heart diseases in children and adults. Childhood obesity predisposes the individual to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, liver and kidney diseases and causes reproductive dysfunction in ad...
Source: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine - February 4, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Tags: Exp Ther Med Source Type: research
Clustering and diagnostic modelling of slimming aids based on chromatographic and mass spectrometric fingerprints
This study shows that reliable chemometric models can be obtained, based on the presence of prohibited chemical substances, which allow high‐throughput data analysis of such samples. Moreover, they generate a prime notion of potential threat to a patient's health posed by these kinds of slimming aids. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clustering and chemometric data analysis of PDA, TIC and MS fingerprints allows to create diagnostic models which are able to discriminate samples based on present chemical substances and to predict unknown samples. These models allow automation of data interpretation and give ...
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - January 31, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: D. Custers, E. Van Hoeck, P. Courselle, S. Apers, E. Deconinck Tags: Research article Source Type: research
Approaches for the development of drugs for treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) are risk factors for diabetes, cancer, some cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases. Pharmacotherapy should be used when the body mass index (BMI) exceeds 30 kg/m² or 27 kg/m² with comorbidity. Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy depend on the mechanism of action of drugs. In this context, drugs affecting the central and peripheral mediator systems such as cannabinoid receptor antagonists (Rimonabant), neuronal reuptake inhibitor of NE and 5 HT (Sibutramine), neuronal reuptake inhibitor of NE 5-HT DA (Tesofensine), agonist of 5 HT 2C receptors (Lorcaser...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - December 9, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Maksimov ML, Svistunov AA, Tarasov VV, Chubarev VN, Ávila-Rodriguez M, Barreto GE, Dralova OV, Aliev G Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research
Study on health hazards through medicines purchased on the Internet: a cross-sectional investigation of the quality of anti-obesity medicines containing crude drugs as active ingredients
Conclusions:
Our findings indicate that dietary supplements containing injurious ingredients are distributed to Japanese consumers and potentially to a broader international audience, and that purchasing them through unreliable websites bears potential health risks. To avoid potential adverse events, there should be adequate alerts about the risks of taking products without appropriate indications. (Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine - December 4, 2015 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Naoko YoshidaMidori NumanoYoko NagasakaKaori UedaHirohito TsuboiTsuyoshi TanimotoKazuko Kimura Source Type: research
Determination of free (unconjugated) amphetamine-type stimulants in urine samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (DLLME-GC-MS)
Publication date: March 2016 Source:Microchemical Journal, Volume 125 Author(s): Ricardo Leal Cunha, Wilson Araujo Lopes, Pedro Afonso P. Pereira The consumption of drugs of abuse is a growing practice in the modern world. Synthetic drugs and amphetamine derivatives in particular occupy a prominent place. The consumption of stimulants such as amphetamine-type fenproporex (FEN), diethylpropione (DIE) and sibutramine (SIB) has become a common practice among professional drivers in Brazilian highways in recent years and among people who wish to lose weight, but make use of these substances indiscriminately. The pres...
Source: Microchemical Journal - December 1, 2015 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research
A common variant in the adiponectin gene on weight loss and body composition under sibutramine therapy in obesity.
In this study, we aimed to explore whether a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs266729 (-11,377C > G), in the adiponectin C1Q and collagen domain containing (ADIPOQ) gene could influence weight reduction and fat change under sibutramine therapy in an obese population. There were 131 obese Taiwanese patients, including 44 in the placebo group and 87 in the sibutramine (10 mg daily) group. We assessed the measures of weight loss and body fat reduction at the end of the 12-week treatment period by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models using gender, baseline weight, and baseline percent body fat as covariates. ...
Source: Clinical Pharmacology: Advances and Applications - November 29, 2015 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Clin Pharmacol Source Type: research
Effects of lisdexamfetamine in a rat model of binge-eating
Binge-eating disorder is a common psychiatric disorder affecting ~2% of adults. Binge-eating was initiated in freely-fed, lean, adult, female rats by giving unpredictable, intermittent access to ground, milk chocolate over four weeks. The rats avidly consumed chocolate during 2hr binge sessions, with compensatory reductions of normal chow intake in these sessions and the days thereafter. Bodyweights of binge-eating rats were normal. The model’s predictive validity was explored using nalmefene (0.1–1.0mg/kg), R-baclofen (1.0–10mg/kg) and SB-334867 (3.0–30mg/kg) (orexin-1 antagonist), which all select...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - November 27, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Vickers, S. P., Hackett, D., Murray, F., Hutson, P. H., Heal, D. J. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Bridging Functional and Structural Cardiotoxicity Assays Using Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for a More Comprehensive Risk Assessment
More relevant and reliable preclinical cardiotoxicity tests are required to improve drug safety and reduce the cost of drug development. Current in vitro testing strategies predominantly take the form of functional assays to predict the potential for drug-induced ECG abnormalities in vivo. Cardiotoxicity can also be structural in nature, so a full and efficient assessment of cardiac liabilities for new chemical entities should account for both these phenomena. As well as providing a more appropriate nonclinical model for in vitro cardiotoxicity testing, human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes offer an integra...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - October 25, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Clements, M., Millar, V., Williams, A. S., Kalinka, S. Tags: Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Cardiotoxicity Risk Assessment Source Type: research
Systematic Review and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Drug Used in Obesity Treatment in Brazil, Under Health System Perspective
Present a systematic review of efficacy, effectiveness and safety of pharmacological treatments (sibutramine and orlistat) used in obesity treatment and performs a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing: (a) Diet; (b) diet plus sibutramine and (c) diet plus orlistat under the public health system perspective. (Source: Value in Health)
Source: Value in Health - October 23, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: CM Vianna, RR Fernandes, GB Mosegui, F Gomes Source Type: research
A ‘natural’ weight loss product containing sibutramine
(Source: Drug Testing and Analysis)
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - October 1, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Florence Hunsel, Bastiaan J. Venhuis, Peter H. J. Keizers, Agnes Kant Tags: Correspondence case report Source Type: research
Randomized Controlled Trial of Preconception Interventions in Infertile Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
CONCLUSIONS: A preconception weight loss intervention eliminates the adverse metabolic oral contraceptive effects and, compared with oral contraceptive pretreatment, leads to higher ovulation rates.
PMID: 26401593 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - September 24, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Legro RS, Dodson WC, Kris-Etherton PM, Kunselman AR, Stetter CM, Williams NI, Gnatuk CL, Estes SJ, Fleming J, Allison KC, Sarwer DB, Coutifaris C, Dokras A Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research
Near Infrared Spectroscopy Detection and Quantification of Herbal Medicines Adulterated with Sibutramine.
In this study, two strategies using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy have been developed to evaluate potential adulteration of herbal medicines with SB: a qualitative screening approach and a quantitative methodology based on multivariate calibration. Samples were composed by products commercialized as herbal medicines, as well as by laboratory adulterated samples. Spectra were obtained in the range of 14,000-4000 per cm. Using PLS-DA, a correct classification of 100% was achieved for the external validation set. In the quantitative approach, the root mean squares error of prediction (RMSEP), for both PLS and MLR models, w...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - August 11, 2015 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: da Silva NC, Honorato RS, Pimentel MF, Garrigues S, Cervera ML, de la Guardia M Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research
